The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink About12/14/2010 - RegularRoanoke County Board of Supervisors Agenda December 14, 2010 Good afternoon and welcome to our meeting for December 14, 2010. Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Tuesday at 3:00 p.m. Public hearings are held at 7:00 p.m. on the fourth Tuesday of each month. Deviations from this schedule will be announced. The meetings are broadcast live on RVTV, Channel 3, and will be rebroadcast on Thursday at 7:00 p.m. and on Saturday at 4:00 p.m. Our meetings are now closed-captioned, so it is important for everyone to speak directly into the microphones at the podium. Individuals who require assistance or special arrangements to participate in or attend Board of Supervisors meetings should contact the Clerk to the Board at (540) 772-2005 at least 48 hours in advance. Please turn all cell phones off or place on silent. A. OPENING CEREMONIES (3:00 p.m.) 1. Roll Call 2. Invocation: Pastor Pete Schemm Cave Spring Baptist Church 3. Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag B. REQUESTS TO POSTPONE, ADD TO OR CHANGE THE ORDER OF AGENDA ITEMS C. PROCLAMATIONS, RESOLUTIONS, RECOGNITIONS AND AWARDS 1. Resolution expressing the appreciation of the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County to Dr. Betty R. McCrary, Director of Social Services, upon her retirement after more than thirty-seven years of service 2. Recognition of the Fire and Rescue Department for receiving the 2010 Governor’s Award for Outstanding Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Agency (Richard E. Burch, Jr., Chief of Fire and Rescue) Page 1 of 6 3. Recognition of the Department of Economic Development for being designated as an Accredited Economic Development Organization (AEDO) by the International Economic Development Council (IEDC) (Douglas Chittum, Director of Economic Development) D. BRIEFINGS 1. Briefing on the results of the 2011 Real Estate Valuation general reassessments (Billy Driver, Director of Real Estate Valuation) 2. Presentation of Roanoke County Community Leaders Environmental Action Roundtable (RC CLEAR) plan for expenditure of EECBG stimulus grant funds (Anne Marie Green, Director of General Services; Nell Boyle, Chairman of RC CLEAR) E. NEW BUSINESS 1. Request to purchase one fire vehicle and appropriate funds in the amount of $200,000 (Richard E. Burch, Jr. Chief of Fire and Rescue) 2. Request to appropriate $19,520 for the cost to hold the January 11, 2011, Special Election (Judith Stokes, General Registrar) 3. Request to appropriate funds in the amount of $150,000 from minor capital, re-appropriate $55,000 from the Capital Improvement Incentive Fund and $95,000 from the Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Fee Class Account to replace the Walrond Park ball field lights (Pete Haislip, Director of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Marcus Odonez, Assistant Director of Recreation) 4. Request for a transfer of $175,300 from fiscal year 2011 Community Policy and Management Team Funds to Roanoke County Schools to support continuation of school based programming no longer eligible for State reimbursement through the Comprehensive Services Act (Daniel R. O’Donnell, Assistant County Administrator) 5. Resolution in support of the designation of The Wilderness Road: Virginia’s Heritage Migration Route from Winchester to Cumberland gap (including the Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail), and the two applicable spurs: the Carolina Road and the Fincastle/Cumberland Gap Turnpike, as Virginia byways and National byways (B. Clayton Goodman III, County Administrator) 6. Approval of an agreement with Botetourt County to terminate a revenue sharing agreement for the Jack Smith Industrial Park and appropriation of the balance needed of $382,632.72 (Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) Page 2 of 6 7. Request to approve a resolution granting a waiver under Section 13-23 of the Roanoke County Code to the provisions of the County’s noise ordinance – Article II. “Noise” of Chapter 13. “Offenses-Miscellaneous” of the Roanoke County Code to Howard Shockey & Sons and Counts & Dobyns – Buck Mountain Road Improvement Project, Cave Spring Magisterial District (Arnold Covey, Director of Community Development) 8. Resolution expressing concerns about alcoholic energy drinks and requesting the General Assembly for the Commonwealth of Virginia to ban alcoholic energy drinks(Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) F. REQUEST FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS AND FIRST READING OF REZONING ORDINANCE-CONSENT AGENDA: Approval of these items does not indicate support for, or judge the merits of, the requested zoning actions but satisfies procedural requirements and schedule the Public Hearings which will be held afterrecommendation by the Planning Commission. 1. The petition of Jatin Patel to obtain a Special Use Permit in a C-2, General Commercial, District for the purpose of operating a convenience store and fast food restaurant on 0.844 acre, located in the 8000 block of Plantation Road, Hollins Magisterial District. 2. The petition of Fountain Head Land Company, LLC, to amend the Planned Residential Development Master Plan to decrease the maximum number of cottages, to decrease the maximum number of bedrooms in the clubhouse, to increase the maximum number of residential lots to 110, and to reduce the minimum lot size and road frontage for residential lots south of Pitzer Road, and to amend a proffered condition dealing with an at-grade golf cart crossing on Pitzer Road for Fountain Head Golf Resort (Ballyhack) which measures approximately 375 acres, Vinton Magisterial District. G. FIRST READING OF ORDINANCES 1. Ordinance authorizing the conveyance of Roanoke County’s one-half interest in the Blue Ridge Branch Library to Botetourt County (Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) 2. Ordinance authorizing and approving execution of a Lease Agreement with Cisco systems, Inc., for office space in the Salem Bank & Trust building at 220 East Main Street, Salem, Virginia, owned by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County (Anne-Marie Green, Director of General Services) Page 3 of 6 3. Ordinance authorizing conveyance of a 50’ water and sewer line easement to the Western Virginia Water Authority to be located within a public right-of-way known as Townsend Road, said right-of-way having been dedicated to the Board of Supervisors, Hollins Magisterial District (Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) H. SECOND READING OF ORDINANCES 1. Ordinance approving the purchase of 0.27 acre of property and house located at 5755 Crystal Creek Drive, Cave Spring Magisterial District, and appropriation of $60,000 (Diane D. Hyatt, Assistant County Administrator) I. APPOINTMENTS 1. Building Code Board of Adjustment and Appeals (Fire Code Board of Appeals) 2. Capital Improvement Program (CIP) Review Committee (appointed by District) 3. Economic Development Authority (At-Large appointment) 4. Grievance Panel (At-Large appointment) 5. Library Board (appointed by District) 6. Roanoke County Community Leaders Environmental Action Roundtable (RC Clear) (appointed by District) 7. Roanoke Valley Resource Authority (At-Large appointment) 8. Western Virginia Regional Jail Authority (At-Large appointment) J. CONSENT AGENDA ALL MATTERS LISTED UNDER THE CONSENT AGENDA ARE CONSIDERED BY THE BOARD TO BE ROUTINE AND WILL BE ENACTED BY ONE RESOLUTION IN THE FORM OR FORMS LISTED BELOW. IF DISCUSSION IS DESIRED, THAT ITEM WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT AGENDA AND WILL BE CONSIDERED SEPARATELY 1. Approval of minutes – November 16, 2010 2. Confirmation of appointments to the Economic Development Authority; Grievance Panel; Library Board; Roanoke Valley Resource Authority; and Western Virginia Regional Jail Authority 3. Resolution establishing a meeting schedule for the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County for calendar year 2011 Page 4 of 6 4. Resolution requesting acceptance of Cottage Rose Lane into the Virginia Department of Transportation Secondary System 5. Resolution requesting acceptance of the remaining portion of Forest Acre Court into the Virginia Department of Transportation Secondary System 6. Request to accept the donation of certain real estate from an affected property owner for roadway improvements to Sierra Drive, Route 1876 and Santa Anita Terrace, Route 1849, Hollins Magisterial District 7. Resolution granting signatory authority to execute project administration agreements for approved Revenue Sharing Funds for fiscal year 2010-2011 8. Resolution expressing the appreciation of the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County to Donna L. Furrow, Assistant Chief of Police, upon her retirement after more than twenty-seven years of service K. REQUESTS FOR WORK SESSIONS L. REQUESTS FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS M. CITIZENS’ COMMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS N. REPORTS 1 General Fund Unappropriated Balance 2. Capital Reserves 3. Reserve for Board Contingency 4. Accounts Paid–November 2010 5. Comparative Statement of Budgeted and Actual Expenditures and Encumbrances for the month ended November 30, 2010 6. Comparative Statement of Budgeted and Actual Revenues for the month ended November 30, 2010 7. Treasurer’s Statement of Accountability per Investment and Portfolio Policy as of November 30, 2010 O. CLOSED MEETING, pursuant to the Code of Virginia as follows: 1. Section 2.2.3711.A.1.Personnel, namely discussion concerning appointments to the Community Development Authority Board; Community Policy and Management Team (CPMT); Economic Development Authority and Clerk to the Board of Supervisors Page 5 of 6 2. Section 2.2-3711.A.7. Consultation with legal counsel and briefings by staff members pertaining to probable litigation, namely, enforcement of stormwater management ordinance for maintenance of facilities in commercial and residential developments and property owners’ associations EVENING SESSION – 7:00 P.M. P. CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION Q. NEW BUSINESS 1. Resolution appointing a Clerk to the Board of Supervisors (Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) 2. Resolution amending Resolution 102610-5 appointing the authority board members for the South Peak Community Development Authority (Paul M. Mahoney, County Attorney) R. PUBLIC HEARING AND SECOND READING OF ORDINANCES 1. The petition of Timberbrook Properties IX, LLC, and Fincastle Equipment Company, LC, to rezone 9.096 acres from AR, Agricultural Residential, District to C-2C/CVOD, General Commercial/Clearbrook Village Overlay, District with conditions in order to construct a general commercial, retail sales and restaurant project, located on the northeastern side of Clearbrook Lane and across from the intersection of Clearbrook Lane and Clearbrook Village Lane, Cave Spring Magisterial District 2. The petition of Kingery Brothers Associates to obtain a Special Use Permit in a AV, Agricultural/Village Center, District for the purpose of operating a construction yard on 3.81 acres, located near the 6000 block of Franklin Road, Cave Spring Magisterial District 3. The petition of Fellowship Community Church to obtain a Special Use Permit in a C-2, General Commercial, District to operate a religious assembly on 4.088 acres, located at 7210 Williamson Road, Hollins Magisterial District S. CITIZENS’ COMMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS T. REPORTS AND INQUIRIES OF BOARD MEMBERS 1. Charlotte A. Moore 2. Michael W. Altizer 3. Richard C. Flora 4. Eddie “Ed” Elswick 5. Joseph B. “Butch” Church U. ADJOURNMENT Page 6 of 6 2008 Fire & Rescue Apparatus Request New Apparatus Request StationVehicle TypeCost Cave Spring #3 Tanker$278,701 Hollins #5 Rescue Pumper $513,902 Mount Pleasant #6Tanker$278,701 Masons Cove #10 Pumper$474,831 Read Mountain #12 Pumper/Tanker$486,854 Total$2,032,989 Vehicles to be Taken Out of Service VehicleModelYear Tanker 3 Ford/Grumman1982 Tanker 6 International/Grumman1986 Squad 5 Volvo-White/E One 1989 Reserve EngineGrumman1986 2009 Fire & Rescue Apparatus Request New Apparatus Request StationVehicle TypeCost Cave Spring #3 Tanker$320,662 Hollins #5 Rescue Pumper $569,741 Mount Pleasant #6Tanker$320,662 Total$1,211,065 Vehicles to be Taken Out of Service VehicleModelYear Tanker 3 Ford/Grumman1982 Tanker 6 International/Grumman1986 Squad 5 Volvo-White/E One 1989 Reserve EngineGrumman1986 ACTION NO. _______________ ITEM NO. ______E-4_________ AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER MEETING DATE: December 14, 2010 AGENDA ITEM: Request for a transfer of $175,300 from fiscal year 2011 Community Policy and Management Team Funds to Roanoke County Schools to support continuation of school based programming no longer eligible for state reimbursement through the Comprehensive Services Act SUBMITTED BY: Daniel R. O’Donnell Assistant County Administrator APPROVED BY: B. Clayton Goodman III County Administrator COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR'S COMMENTS: SUMMARY OF INFORMATION: Since 1998, the Roanoke County Community Policy and Management Team (CPMT) has approved funding for school based mental health services developed by the Community Services Board in partnership with the Roanoke County Public Schools (RCPS). These services provided support for special education students in the public school environment in order to prevent a more restrictive, and much more expensive, educational placement. These services were eligible for state reimbursement through the Comprehensive Services Act (CSA). School based mental health services can be provided at a substantially reduced cost compared to private day school placements, where absent intervention these students would likely be referred due to their high emotional and behavioral needs. In fiscal year 2010, one hundred and two (102) students were served under this mandate, with ninety eight (98) successfully maintained in public schools. The total expenditures in fiscal year 2010 were $1,261,587. As many of these funds were reimbursed by the state, the local cost totaled only $277,549. If these same students required a more restrictive special education placement such as private day school, the estimated local cost would have been $1,390,260. Over the past 10 months, there has been a shift in the interpretation of the use of these Page 1 of 3 funds by the State Department of Education in order to meet compliance with Federal special education law. Roanoke County departments have worked closely with State offices for guidance in current and future programming for this population. After careful consideration of applicable laws and service definitions eligible for state reimbursement under the Comprehensive Services Act, the CPMT approved funding for a community based program in June for fiscal year 2011. The recommended program, which incorporates school and community support, provides mental health services for twenty- four (24) eligible students and their families in order to prevent these students from being placed in a more restrictive setting. The total cost of this programming was $417,000, of which $325,260 would be reimbursed by the State Pool Funds. The remaining students were served directly by specialized school programming developed by RCPS to meet the needs of this population. Efforts to maintain these students in the public school would avert the substantial cost increase Roanoke County would incur if students required educational services in a private day school or residential placement. The CPMT was notified in November that the approved program would no longer be eligible for state reimbursement after December 18, 2010. On December 9, 2010 the Roanoke County CPMT voted to cease CSA funding effective December 18, 2010, with a recommendation that the contract be assigned to Roanoke County Schools directly. Thus, the fiscal responsibility of the mental health services being provided would transfer to the schools. The funding needed to continue the program until June 10, 2011, as originally contracted is already allocated in the fiscal year 2011 CPMT Pool Fund. The request today is to transfer these funds to RCPS to reimburse the Community Services Board providing the services. In the future, this type of program will no longer be a responsibility of the CPMT and County staff will work with the school system to try to provide cost effective, alternative programming within the school system’s budget effective next fiscal year. FISCAL IMPACT: A transfer of $175,300 to Roanoke County Schools from the fiscal year 2011 CPMT Pool Fund budget to cover the contract costs for the rest of the school year is requested. These funds are available within the CPMT budget so no additional appropriation is necessary. Mid–year review of the CPMT budget shows that at current expenditure rates we can expect a small surplus at the end of the fiscal year even with this transfer. ALTERNATIVES: As the Commonwealth has indicated that it will no longer reimburse the County for this service, the only other alternative is to cancel the contract with the Community Service Board. This would result in students and families not receiving in-school behavioral intervention services. This would further result in significantly more expensive and less effective out-of-school placements. This other alternative is not in the best interest of the students or families and would result in higher overall local costs. Page 2 of 3 STAFF RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends the approval of a transfer of $175,300 from the fiscal year 2011 CPMT School Funds to Roanoke County Public Schools and the assignment of the contract from the Roanoke County CPMT to Roanoke County Schools to enable the continuation of the in-school services for the remainder of the school year. Page 3 of 3 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2010 RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT OF THE DESIGNATION OF THE WILDERNESS ROAD: VIRGINIA’S HERITAGE MIGRATION ROUTE FROM WINCHESTER TO CUMBERLAND GAP (INCLUDING THE DANIEL BOONE WILDERNESS TRAIL), AND THE TWO APPLICABLE SPURS: THE CAROLINA ROAD AND THE FINCASTLE/CUMBERLAND GAP TURNPIKE, AS VIRGINIA BYWAYS AND NATIONAL BYWAYS WHEREAS, from 1775 to 1810, an estimated 300,000 settlers traveled through Virginia to the Cumberland Gap. This migration and western movement is a significant event in Virginia history and to the development of the United States of America. Today, an estimated 43 million Americans can trace their ancestors to the migration through Virginia along the Wilderness Road: Virginia’s Heritage Migration Route; and WHEREAS, the historical migration of early settlers and pioneers to Virginia followed closely to what is now Route 11, 58 and 23 from Winchester to Cumberland Gap (including the Daniel Boone Wilderness Trail – Route 58 from Moccasin Gap to Cumberland Gap), but also followed other “spur” migration routes such as the Carolina Road along Route 220 and the Fincastle Turnpike along Routes 42, 61, 19, 460, 71 and 72; and WHEREAS, these migration routes are now being developed as driving routes/trails to preserve, interpret and promote the history, heritage and culture of the early pioneer settlement and migration through Virginia, and the role that Virginia played in the migration of settlers through Virginia and to other states of our growing of the nation; and Page 1 of 4 Í·¬» q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ö¿¬·² Ð¿¬»´ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðïèòïèóðîóðíòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ðòèìì ß½®» Ü¿¬»æ ïïñïçñîðïð Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù Í·¬» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Î«®¿´ Ð®»»®ª» Î«®¿´ Ê·´´¿¹» Ê·´´¿¹» Ý»²¬»® Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ì®¿²·¬·±² Ý±®» Ð®·²½·°¿´ ×²¼«¬®·¿´ Í«¾«®¾¿² Ê·´´¿¹» ø²»© ½¿¬»¹±®§÷ Û½±²±³·½ Ñ°°±®¬«²·¬§ ø²»© ½¿¬»¹±®§÷ q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ö¿¬·² Ð¿¬»´ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðïèòïèóðîóðíòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ðòèìì ß½®» Ü¿¬»æ ïïñïçñîðïð Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù Í·¬» Æ±²·²¹ ßÙí ÛÐ ßÙï ßÎ ßÊ Ýï Ýî ÝîÝÊÑÜ ×ï ×î ÐÝÜ ÐÎÜ ÐÌÜ Îï Îî Îí Îì ÎÞ ÙÞ ÝÞ Óï Óî q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ö¿¬·² Ð¿¬»´ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðïèòïèóðîóðíòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ðòèìì ß½®» Ü¿¬»æ ïïñïçñîðïð Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù 2 0 1 1 JANUARYFEBRUARY MTWTFSSMTWTFSS ÈÈÇÆÅÄ ÇÅÄÃÂÁÃÂÁÉÊÉÉÉÈÉÇ ÉÊÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊ ÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃ ÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊÈÂ ÇÉ MARCHAPRIL MTWTFSSMTWTFSS ÈÇÆÅÄÉÈÇ ÃÂÁÉÊÉÉÉÈÉÇÆÄÃÂÁÉÊ ÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃ ÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆ ÈÂÈÁÇÊÇÉÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊ MAYJUNE MTWTFSSMTWTFSS ÉÉÈÇÆÅ ÈÆÅÄÃÂÄÂÁÉÊÉÉÉÈ ÁÉÊÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁ ÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅÈÄ ÈÇÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊ ÇÉ JULYAUGUST MTWTFSSMTWTFSS ÉÈÇÉÇÆÅÄÃ ÄÃÂÁÉÊÂÁÉÊÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆ ÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉ ÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂ ÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊÇÉÈÁÇÊÇÉ SEPTEMBEROCTOBER MTWTFSSMTWTFSS È ÉÇÆÉÈ ÃÂÁÉÊÉÉÇÅÄÃÂÁ ÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÉÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄ ÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇ ÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊÈÆÈÅÈÄÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊ ÇÉ NOVEMBERDECEMBER MTWTFSSMTWTFSS ÆÈ ÉÈÇÅÄÉÇÆ ÂÁÉÊÉÈÉÇÄÃÂÁÉÊÉÉ ÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂÉÁÈÊÉÈÉÇÉÆÉÅÉÄÉÃÉÂ ÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÄÈÃÉÁÈÊÈÉÈÈÈÇÈÆÈÅ ÈÂÈÁÇÊÈÃÈÂÈÁÇÊÇÉ ÍÌßÚÚ ÎÛÐÑÎÌ Ð»¬·¬·±²»®ñÑ©²»®æ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ×È ÔÔÝ ¿²¼ Ú·²½¿¬´» Û¯«·°³»²¬ Ý±³°¿²§ô ÔòÝò Î»¦±²» ¬¸®»» °¿®½»´ º®±³ ßÎ ¬± ÝóîÝñÝÊÑÜ º±® ¿ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ý»²¬»®ô Î»¬¿·´ Í¿´» ¿²¼ Î»¯«»¬æ Î»¬¿«®¿²¬ ëîèï Í«²»¬ Ü®·ª»ñð Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» øÒ±®¬¸»¿¬ ±º ¬¸» ×²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» Ô±½¿¬·±²æ ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»÷ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ Ð®±ºº»®æ ïòÌ¸» °®·³¿®§ ¿½½» ¬± ¬¸» ·¬» ø¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»÷ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ± ¿ ¬± ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¿ ·¼»©¿´µô °»¼»¬®·¿² ½¿´» ¼»·¹² º»¿¬«®» ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± »®ª» ¿ ¿ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¿²¼ °´¿²¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ²¿¬·ª» °´¿²¬ º®±³ ¬¸» ´·¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ß°°»²¼·¨ Ü ±º ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» º±® ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¸¿¼» ¬®»»ô ¸®«¾ ¿²¼ º´±©»®·²¹ ±®²¿³»²¬¿´ ¬®»»ò îò Í«¾¶»½¬ ¬± «½¸ ³±¼·º·½¿¬·±² ¿ °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿º»¬§ ®»¯«·®»ô °»¼»¬®·¿² °¿¬¸ ¸¿´´ ½±²²»½¬ ¿´´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ±² ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ò íò ß´´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ¾» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ±²» ¿²±¬¸»®ò ß´´ º¿½¿¼» ±º ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» ±º ·³·´¿® ¼»·¹²ô ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ·³·´¿® ¼»¬¿·´·²¹ò Û¨¬»®·±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½±´±® ¸¿´´ ¾» ¾®±©²ô ¾»·¹»ô ¬¿² ¿²¼ñ±® ©¸·¬» ± ¿ ¬± ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» »¨¬»®·±® ½±´±® ½¸»³» º±® ¬¸» ®»¬¿·´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬«¿¬»¼ ±² Ì¿¨ Ð¿®½»´ ý èèòðíóðïóðçòðð ø·ò»ò É¿´óÓ¿®¬÷ò ìò Ð´¿¦¿ô ¸¿®¼½¿°»ô ´¿²¼½¿°»¼ ¿®»¿ ¿²¼ ·¬» ¿³»²·¬·» ¸¿´´ ¿´± ¾» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¬± ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ¿²¼ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ±«¬¼±±® »¿¬·²¹ ¿®»¿ô ª¿®·»¼ °¿ª·²¹ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¬± ¿¼¼ ½±²¬®¿¬ ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬«®»ô ¿²¼ ¼»½±®¿¬·ª» ½±²¬¿·²»® ©·¬¸ »¿±²¿´ ´¿²¼½¿°»ò Î»¬¿«®¿²¬ ¬»²¿²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ±«¬¼±±® ¼·²·²¹ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸ ¬¿¾´»ô ½¸¿·® ¿²¼ «³¾®»´´¿ò ëò Î±±º´·²» ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ±º ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¼»·¹² ±² ¿´´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò Ò± º´¿¬ ®±±º ª··¾´» º®±³ ËòÍò îîð ¸¿´´ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ±² ¿²§ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ±² ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ò Î±±º¬±° ³»½¸¿²·½¿´ «²·¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¸·»´¼»¼ º®±³ ª·»© º®±³ ËòÍò îîð ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò êò Î»¯«·®»¼ ½®»»²·²¹ ±º »®ª·½» ¿²¼ ¬®¿¸ ¿®»¿ ¸¿´´ ¾» ©·¬¸ º·²·¸ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ³¿¬½¸·²¹ ¬¸» »¨¬»®·±® º·²·¸ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ±º ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±® ©¸·½¸ ·¬ »®ª»ò éò ß½½»°¬¿¾´» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º·²·¸» ·²½´«¼»æ ¿ò ¾®·½µ ¾ò ©±±¼ô ª·²§´ ±® ½±³°±·¬» ©±±¼ «¾¬·¬«¬» ´¿° ·¼·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬®·³ ½ò ¬«½½± ±® »¨¬»®·±® ·²«´¿¬»¼ º·²·¸ §¬»³ øÛ×ÚÍ÷ ¼ò ¬±²» º¿½» ½±´±®»¼ ½±²½®»¬» ¾´±½µ »ò ¬±²» ±® ½¿¬ ¬±²» ºò ¬¿²¼·²¹ »¿³ ³»¬¿´ô ½±°°»®ô ½±³°±·¬» ´¿¬» ¬·´» ±® ¿°¸¿´¬ 1 ¸·²¹´» ®±±º èò Ì¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹ º·²·¸» ¿®» °®±¸·¾·¬»¼æ ¿ò Ë²°¿·²¬»¼ ±® ¾¿®» ³»¬¿´ °¿²»´ ¾ò Þ¿®» »¨°±»¼ ½±²½®»¬» ¬¸¿¬ · ²±¬ »¨°±»¼ ¿¹¹®»¹¿¬»ô ¸¿³³»®»¼ô ¿²¼ ¾´¿¬»¼ ±® ½±ª»®»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿ ½»³»²¬ ¾¿»¼ ¿½®§´·½ ½±¿¬·²¹ ½ò Ë²º·²·¸»¼ ©±±¼ ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ½»¼¿®ô ³¿¸±¹¿²§ô ¬»¿µ ±® ®»¼©±±¼ çò Í·¬» Ô·¹¸¬·²¹æ ¿ò ß´´ ´·¹¸¬· ·´´«³·²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¿ª±·¼ °·´´±ª»® ¬± ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ °®±°»®¬·»ò ¾ò Í·¼»©¿´µ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¼»½±®¿¬·ª» °»¼»¬®·¿²ó½¿´»¼ °±´» ±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ ³±«²¬»¼ ´«³·²¿®·»ò ½ò Ð´¿¦¿ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ ·³·´¿® ¬± ·¼»©¿´µ ¾«¬ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ º»¿¬«®» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ º±® ¿¬¬®¿½¬·±² ¿²¼ ±«¬¼±±® ¼·²·²¹ò ¼ò Ô¿²¼½¿°» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» »³°´±§»¼ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ·¬» »²¬®¿²½» ¿²¼ º»¿¬«®» ¿®»¿ò »ò Ò± »¨°±»¼ º´«±®»½»²¬ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ò ïðò Í·¬» Í·¹²¿¹»æ ¿ò Ì¸» ³¿·² º®»»¬¿²¼·²¹ ¬»²¿²¬ ·¼»²¬·º·½¿¬·±² ·¹² ¸¿´´ ¾» ²»¿® ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ³±²«³»²¬ ¬§´» «¬·´·¦·²¹ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¿ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ ²±¬ ¸¿ª» ³±®» ¬¸¿² ¬©± ·¼»ò ¾ò Ì»²¿²¬ ·¹²¿¹» ª··¾´» ¬± ±ººó·¬» ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¬± ¾» ½®»¿¬·ª» ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ¿¼¼ ·²¬»®»¬ ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬«®» ¿²¼ô ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ´»¬¬»®ô ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ´±¹± ¿²¼ ·³¿¹»ò Ð®±¶»½¬·²¹ ·¹² ¿²¼ «°»²¼»¼ ·¹² ¿®» ¿´± »²½±«®¿¹»¼ò Þ±¨ ·¹²ô »¨°±»¼ ®¿½»©¿§ ¿²¼ »¨°±»¼ º´«±®»½»²¬ ¿®» °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ò Í·¹²¿¹» ³¿§ ¾» ·²¬»®²¿´´§ ±® »¨¬»®²¿´´§ ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ò ½ò Í·¹²¿¹» ½±´±® °¿´»¬¬» ©·´´ ¾» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ¿¾±ª» ²¿³»¼ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¬§´»ò ïïò ×² ±®¼»® ¬± »²¸¿²½» ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ±² ¬¸» ·¬»ô ¬¸» ©·¼¬¸ ±º ¿²§ ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·²½®»¿»¼ ¾§ ïðûò ß´´ »¨·¬·²¹ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ©·¬¸·² ¿ ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» °®»»®ª»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¹®»¿¬»¬ »¨¬»²¬ °±·¾´»ò ÛÈÛÝËÌ×ÊÛ ÍËÓÓßÎÇæ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ×Èô ÔÔÝ ¿²¼ Ú·²½¿¬´» Û¯«·°³»²¬ Ý±³°¿²§ô ÔòÝò ¿®» °»¬·¬·±²·²¹ ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ±² ¬¸®»» °¿®½»´ ¬±¬¿´·²¹ çòðçê ¿½®» º®±³ ßÎô ß¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¬± ÝóîÝô Ù»²»®¿´ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ ÝÊÑÜô Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ñª»®´¿§ Æ±²·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¿®» ®»¯«»¬·²¹ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ± ¿ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ½»²¬»® ©·¬¸ ®»¬¿·´ ¿´» ¿²¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ ½¿² ¾» ½±²¬®«½¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ²±®¬¸»¿¬»®² ·¼» ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ô ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ·¬ ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ©·¬¸ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·» ¬± °¿®½»´ ´±½¿¬»¼ ²»¿® ¬¸» É¿´óÓ¿®¬ ®»¬¿·´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ½«®®»²¬´§ «²¼»® ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ©»¬ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °®±°»®¬·»ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¿®» ®»¯«»¬·²¹ ¿ °®±°»½¬·ª» ®»¦±²·²¹ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ô ¿ ²± ¬»²¿²¬ ¿®» »½«®»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ±º ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ì©± ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¸¿ª» ¾»»² «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ©·¬¸ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ °®±ºº»®ò Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² ß °®±°±» ¿ 2 ìçôëðð ¯«¿®» º±±¬ ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» ¿²¼ ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ô »¿½¸ °®±°±»¼ ¿¬ íôêðð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ò Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² Þ °®±°±» ¬©± ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» ¿²¼ ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹» ±º ¬¸» ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» · îëôððð ¿²¼ ïëôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ô ®»°»½¬·ª»´§ò Ì¸» ¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹» °®±°±»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ ³·®®±® ¬¸» ·¦» °®±°±»¼ ·² Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² ßò Þ±¬¸ ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² °®±°±» ¿ ·²¹´» »²¬®¿²½» ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò Ì¸· »²¬®¿²½» ©±«´¼ »®ª» ¿ ²»¬©±®µ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ¿·´» ¿²¼ °¿½» º±® ¬¸®»» ±® º±«® ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ±®·¹·²¿´´§ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² º±® ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ¬± ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±² Ü»½»³¾»® îçô îððçò Ú±´´±©·²¹ ¿ °®»´·³·²¿®§ ®»ª·»© ±º ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ô ¬¿ºº ³¿·´»¼ ¿ ´»¬¬»® ¬± ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ±² Ö¿²«¿®§ îëô îðïð ®»¯«»¬·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²º±®³¿¬·±²ò ×² ®»°±²» ¬± ¬¿ºº ½±³³»²¬ô ¿ Ì®¿ºº·½ ×³°¿½¬ ß²¿´§· ©¿ ½±³°´»¬»¼ ¾§ Î¿³»§ Õ»³° ú ß±½·¿¬»ô ×²½ò ¿²¼ ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÊÜÑÌ÷ ±² ß°®·´ çô îðïðò ß ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ©¿ ¸»´¼ ±² ß°®·´ ïîô îðïð ·² ¬¸» ¹§³²¿·«³ ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Û´»³»²¬¿®§ Í½¸±±´ ¬± ¼·½« ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ò Ü«» ¬± ·²«ºº·½·»²¬ ·²º±®³¿¬·±² °®±ª·¼»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ±®·¹·²¿´ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² «¾³·¬¬¿´ô ¬¸» Ð´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² °±¬°±²»¼ ¬¸» Ó¿§ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ·²¼»º·²·¬»´§ò Í·²½» ¬¸· ¬·³»ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ ¾»»² ©±®µ·²¹ ¬± ®»±´ª Ñ½¬±¾»® ïô îðïðô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¿ ®»°±²» ´»¬¬»® ¬± ¬¿ºº ¿¼¼®»·²¹ ¬¸» ¯«»¬·±² ¿²¼ ½±²½»®² ®¿·»¼ ·² ¬¸» «¾³·¬¬¿´ ±º ¬¸» ±®·¹·²¿´ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ú±´´±©·²¹ ¬¸» ®»°±²» ´»¬¬»® ¿²¼ ³»»¬·²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬¿ººô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬©± ®»ª·»¼ ½±²½»°¬ °´¿²ô ®»ª·»¼ °®±ºº»®ô ª·»©¸»¼ ¿²¿´§» ¼»³±²¬®¿¬·²¹ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ô ¿²¼ ¿ ¬®»» ¼±½«³»²¬¿¬·±² ¬«¼§ò Ñ² Ò±ª»³¾»® èô îðïðô ¿ »½±²¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ©¿ ¸»´¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·±² Ý»²¬»® ¬± °®±ª·¼» ½·¬·¦»² ©·¬¸ ¿² ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± ½±³³»²¬ ±² ¬¸» ®»ª·»¼ ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ °®±ºº»®ò Í·³·´¿® ¬± ¬¸» º·®¬ ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ¸»´¼ ·² ß°®·´ îðïðô ½·¬·¦»² »¨°®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®«½µ ¬®¿ºº·½ ±² Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ô ¬¸» ·²¹´» »²¬®¿²½» °®±°±»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¼»¬»²¬·±²ô °±¬»²¬·¿´ ´¿²¼ «» ±² ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬»ô ¿²¼ °®±°±»¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ò Þ¿»¼ «°±² ¬¸» ½±³³»²¬ ®»½»·ª»¼ º®±³ ¬¿ººô ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ ¿²¼ ½·¬·¦»² ¿¬ ¬¸» Ò±ª»³¾»® ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ô ®»ª·»¼ °®±ºº»® ©»®» «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬± Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ·² ´¿¬» Ò±ª»³¾»® îðïðò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬¿¬»³»²¬ ±º °®±ºº»® · ®»º´»½¬·ª» ±º ·²¬»®¿½¬·±² ©·¬¸ º»¼»®¿´ô ¬¿¬» ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ ±ºº·½·¿´ô ½±±®¼·²¿¬·±² ±º ·¬» ¼»·¹² ¬¸¿¬ · »²·¬·ª» ¬± ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ ¿²¼ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿²¼ ¼·®»½¬ ½±³³«²·½¿¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½·¬·¦»² ·² ¬¸» «®®±«²¼·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ú«¬«®» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ù«·¼» ·² ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³°®»¸»²·ª» Ð´¿²ô ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ¿®» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿ ¿ Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸· ´¿²¼ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² »²½±«®¿¹» ¬¸» ±®¼»®´§ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¸·¹¸©¿§ º®±²¬¿¹» °¿®½»´ò Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¹»²»®¿´´§ »®ª» ¿ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¾«ºº»® ¾»¬©»»² ¸·¹¸©¿§ ¿²¼ ²»¿®¾§ ±® ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ´±©»® ·²¬»²·¬§ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ×²¬»²» ®»¬¿·´ ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸©¿§ ±®·»²¬»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ «» ¿®» ¼·½±«®¿¹»¼ ·² ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿å ¸±©»ª»®ô ³¿´´ó½¿´» °´¿²²»¼ ¿²¼ ½´«¬»®»¼ ®»¬¿·´ «» ¿®» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ·² Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò ß ¸·¹¸ ¼»¹®»» ±º ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»·¹² ¿²¼ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´´§ »²·¬·ª» ·¬» ¼»·¹² · »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ©·¬¸·² Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸»» ¿®»¿ »®ª» ¿ ¿ ¾«ºº»® ¬®·° ¾»¬©»»² ½±²º´·½¬·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®² ©¸»®» ´±½¿¬·±² ¿®» »®ª»¼ ¾§ «®¾¿² »®ª·½»ò ßÐÐÔ×ÝßÞÔÛ ÎÛÙËÔßÌ×ÑÒÍ ×² Ü»½»³¾»® îðððô ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Þ±¿®¼ ±º Í«°»®ª·±® ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ±®¼·²¿²½» ¬± ·²½´«¼» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² º±® ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ øÝÊÑÜ÷ò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ±º Í«°»®ª·±® ¿³»²¼»¼ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ð´¿² ¬± ·²½´«¼» Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» º±® ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ·² ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ±®¼·²¿²½» °®±ª·¼» ³¿²¼¿¬±®§ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ý±³³«²·¬§å ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» °®±ª·¼» ª±´«²¬¿®§ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² º±® ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Þ±¬¸ ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ ¦±²·²¹ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» »³°¸¿·¦» ·¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ô «½¸ ¿ ®»¼«½¬·±² ·² ´·¹¸¬ °±´´«¬·±²ô ´±©»® ·¹² ¸»·¹¸¬ô »²¸¿²½»¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ·²½±®°±®¿¬·±² ±º °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿³»²·¬·» ¿²¼ ½±²¹®«»²¬ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ °¿¬¬»®²ô ©¸·½¸ °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» ½«´¬«®¿´ô »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ô ¿²¼ ¸·¬±®·½¿´ ¿°»½¬ ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ 3 ¿²¼ ·¬ °®±¨·³·¬§ ¬± ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ò Ì¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» ß®»¿ · ¼·ª·¼»¼ ·²¬± ¬©± ³¿·² ¿®»¿ ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²æ Ð®·³¿®§ ¿²¼ Í»½±²¼¿®§ò Ì¸» Ð®·³¿®§ ß®»¿ ®»°®»»²¬ ¬¸» ïíí ¿½®» ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ ¾»»² ®»¦±²»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ù»²»®¿´ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ øÝóî÷ ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» Í»½±²¼¿®§ ß®»¿ · ½±³°®·»¼ ±º °¿®½»´ ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ±® ³¿§ ²±¬ ¾» «·¬¿¾´» º±® ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ô±½¿¬»¼ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ð®·³¿®§ ß®»¿ô °¿®½»´ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Í»½±²¼¿®§ ¿®»¿ ¿®» ²±¬ ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ ¿²¼ ³«¬ ¾» ®»¦±²»¼ ¬± ¿´´±© º±® ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» ¬¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Í»½±²¼¿®§ ß®»¿ ¸±«´¼ ¾» »ª¿´«¿¬»¼ ¾¿»¼ «°±² ¬¸»·® Ú«¬«®» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ü»·¹²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ½±²º±®³¿²½» ¬± ¬¸» °®·²½·°´» ¿²¼ ¹«·¼¿²½» ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò ß½½±®¼·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½»ô ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ ½±²¬¿·² ¦±²·²¹ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ «°°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» «²¼»®´§·²¹ Ýóî ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ °»®³·¬ ¿ ©·¼» ª¿®·»¬§ ±º «» ¾§ ®·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¾§ °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ò Ì¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ · ¬± °®±³±¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ · ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ò ×² ±®¼»® ¬± °®»»®ª» ¬¸» ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ô º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ³«¬ ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ¿²¼ ¸·¬±®·½¿´ ½±²¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ô Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Û´»³»²¬¿®§ Í½¸±±´ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ±½·¿´ ¿²¼ ½«´¬«®¿´ ®»±«®½» ·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²» ¿®» ©®·¬¬»² ©·¬¸ »³°¸¿· ±² ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸»·¹¸¬ô ·¬» ¼»·¹²ô °¿®µ·²¹ô ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ·¹²¿¹»ò ×² ½±³°¿®·±²ô ¬¸» Ýóî ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ °®±ª·¼» º±® ¿ ª¿®·»¬§ ±º ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ »®ª·½» ®»´¿¬»¼ ¿½¬·ª·¬·» ©·¬¸·² «®¾¿² »®ª·½» ¿®»¿ »®ª·²¹ ´¿®¹» ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» ½±«²¬§ ©¸·½¸ ¿®» ¹»²»®¿´´§ ½±³³«²·¬·» ½±³°®·»¼ ±º »ª»®¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ù»²»®¿´ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼·¬®·½¬ ¿®» ¹»²»®¿´´§ º±«²¼ ¿´±²¹ ³¿¶±® ¿®¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸©¿§ ·² ¬¸» ½±«²¬§ò Ì¸» ·¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² º±® ¬¸· ¼·¬®·½¬ ¿®» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± »²«®» ½±³°¿¬·¾·´·¬§ ©·¬¸ ¿¼¶±·²·²¹ ´¿²¼ «»ò Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ¿°°®±ª¿´ · ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ·¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ °´¿²ò ×º ¬¸» ¬¸®»» °¿®½»´ ¿®» ¬± ¾» ½±³¾·²»¼ ¿ ±²»ô ¿ °´¿¬ ©·´´ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ¿ Ý»®¬·º·»¼ Ô¿²¼ Í«®ª»§±®ô ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼»¼ò Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÊÜÑÌ÷ ¿°°®±ª¿´ · ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ »²¬®¿²½»ò ßÒßÔÇÍ×Í ÑÚ ÛÈ×ÍÌ×ÒÙ ÝÑÒÜ×Ì×ÑÒÍ Þ¿½µ¹®±«²¼ ×² ¬¸» ³·¼óó ¬± ´¿¬»ó ²¼»¼ ¬± »®ª» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Û´»³»²¬¿®§ Í½¸±±´ ¿²¼ «®®±«²¼·²¹ ¾«·²»»ò Ú±´´±©·²¹ ¬¸» »¨¬»²·±² ±º «¬·´·¬§ »®ª·½»ô ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Û´»³»²¬¿®§ Í½¸±±´ ´¿²²·²¹ Ý±³³··±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ±º Í«°»®ª·±® ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿ ´¿®¹» °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ý±®» º«¬«®» ´¿²¼ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ì¸»» °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ ©»®» ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿´±²¹ ËòÍò Î±«¬» îîðô ¿²¼ ®»½±¹²·¦»¼ ¿ °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¿®»¿ º±® º«¬«®» ¹®±©¬¸ô ¼«» ¬± º¿½¬±® «½¸ ¿ ¬¸» »¨¬»²·±² ±º «®¾¿² »®ª·½» ¿²¼ ®»½»²¬ ½¸¿²¹» ·² ±©²»®¸·° ±º ´¿®¹» ª¿½¿²¬ ±® «²¼»®ó¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¬®¿½¬ò ×² ¬¸» °®·²¹ ±º îðððô ½±«²¬§ ¬¿ºº ¾»¹¿² ¬± ©±®µ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬ ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ¬± °®»°¿®» ¼»¬¿·´»¼ °´¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ ¦±²·²¹ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ º±® ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò É·¬¸ ¬¸» ¹«·¼¿²½» ±º ¿ ½±³³·¬¬»» ½±³°®·»¼ ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ®»·¼»²¬ ¿²¼ ¾«·²» ±©²»®ô ½±«²¬§ ¬¿ºº °®»°¿®»¼ ¿ ¼±½«³»²¬ ±º ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²»ô ©¸·½¸ ©»®» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ð´¿²ò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ¬¸»» ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²»ô ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ ©¿ °®»°¿®»¼ ¿²¼ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ·²¬± ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½» ¬± «°°´»³»²¬ «²¼»®´§·²¹ ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ò ×² îððïô ¬¸» Ý±«²¬§ ¿²¼ ÊÜÑÌ ¾»¹¿² ¼»·¹²·²¹ ¿ ²»© ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¬®±´ ·¹²¿´ ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Î±¿¼ ¿²¼ ×²¼·¿² Ù®¿ª» Î±¿¼ò ×²·¬·¿´´§ ¬¸· ¬±°´·¹¸¬ ©¿ ¼»·¹²»¼ º±® ¿ íó©¿§ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ò Ü«®·²¹ ¬¸» ¼»·¹² °¸¿» ±º ¬¸» °®±¶»½¬ô ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ©¿ ®»¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ¿ ìó©¿§ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ô ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±² ±º ¿ ²»© ¬®»»¬ ¬± »®ª» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ©¿ ½±²¬®«½¬»¼ ¬± ½±²²»½¬ ¬¸» ²»© ¬®¿ºº·½ ·¹²¿´ ¬± Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò Ü«®·²¹ ¬¸» ¼»·¹² °¸¿» ±º ¬¸» ²»© ·¹²¿´·¦»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±²ô ¿ ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ¿²¿´§· ©¿ ½±²¼«½¬»¼ ¬± ¿» »¨·¬·²¹ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¼·¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ±º °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ß®»¿ò Ì¸» ¬«¼§ ½±²·¼»®»¼ ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ ±º ¿ ´¿®¹» ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» ±º ïëðôððð ¬± îððôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¿ °®±°±»¼ Ê·®¹·²·¿ 4 Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ó±¬±® Ê»¸·½´» º¿½·´·¬§å ¾±¬¸ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬± ¾» ¿½½»»¼ º®±³ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò Ì¸» ¬«¼§ ¿´± ¬±±µ ·²¬± ½±²·¼»®¿¬·±² ¬¸» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¿ ´¿®¹» ½¸«®½¸ ±² ×²¼·¿² Ù®¿ª» Î±¿¼ò ×² îððëô ½±«²¬§ ¬¿ºº ³»¬ ©·¬¸ ®»°®»»²¬¿¬·ª» ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ý·ª·½ Ô»¿¹«» ¬± ®»ª·»© ¿²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ ¦±²·²¹ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ð´¿² Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» º±® ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ò Í»ª»®¿´ ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» ©»®» ¼·½«»¼ ®¿²¹·²¹ º®±³ ¿¼¼·²¹ ²»© ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜô ¬± ½±³°´»¬»´§ ®»³±ª·²¹ ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò Ò± ½±²»²« ©¿ ¿½¸·»ª»¼ ¬± ³¿µ» ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò Ñ² Ñ½¬±¾»® îìô îððêô ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Þ±¿®¼ ±º Í«°»®ª·±® ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¿ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿²¼ °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ º±® ¿ ìïó¿½®» ½±³³»®½·¿´ ®»¬¿·´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °®±°±»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ëîðð ¾´±½µ ±º Ú®¿²µ´·² Î±¿¼ øËòÍò Î±«¬» îîð÷ô Í¬¿¾´» Î±¿¼ô Ý´»¿®¾±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ô Í·²¹·²¹ Ø·´´ Î±¿¼ ¿²¼ Í«²»¬ Ü®·ª» ·² ¬¸» Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ º®±³ ß¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ øßÎ÷ ¬± Ù»²»®¿´ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ øÝóî÷ ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ øÝÊÑÜ÷ ¿°°´·»¼ ¬± ±²´§ ¬¸®»» ±º ¬¸» »ª»²¬»»² ¬®¿½¬ ¬±¬¿´·²¹ ìòï ¿½®»ò Ì¸» °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ º±® ¿ ®»¬¿·´ ¿´» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ øÉ¿´óÓ¿®¬÷ »¨½»»¼·²¹ ëðôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ô ¿ ¹¿®¼»² ½»²¬»® ¿²¼ ¿ ³·²±® ¿«¬±³±¾·´» ®»°¿·® ©»®» ¿°°®±ª»¼ º±® ¬¸» »²¬·®» ·¬»ò ×² Ü»½»³¾»® îððçô ¬¸» °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ ½±²¼·¬·±² ©»®» ¿³»²¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Þ±¿®¼ ±º Í«°»®ª·±® ¬± ·²½±®°±®¿¬» °®»º»®®»¼ ½±´±® ½¸»³» º±® ¬¸» ²»© É¿´óÓ¿®¬ ¬±®»ò Ì¸» ¬¸®»» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ©»®» °«®½¸¿»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ·² Ü»½»³¾»® îððíò Ì¸» ´¿®¹»¬ ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ · éòîë ¿½®» ¿²¼ ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ¿ ·²¹´» º¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ ½±²¬®«½¬»¼ ·² ïçééò Þ«·´¼·²¹ °»®³·¬ ©»®» ±¾¬¿·²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¬± ¼»³±´·¸ ¬¸» ·²¹´» º¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ ·² Í»°¬»³¾»® îððç ¿²¼ ¿¾¿²¼±² ¬¸» ©»´´ ·² Ö¿²«¿®§ îðïðò Î»³²¿²¬ ±º ¬¸» °®»ª·±« ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ø·ò»ò ¬»²²· ½±«®¬÷ ¿®» ¬·´´ °®»»²¬ ±² ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ò Ì¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ª¿½¿²¬ ±º ¿ ´¿²¼ «»å ¸±©»ª»®ô º·´´ ¼·®¬ · ¾»·²¹ ®»³±ª»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ·¬» ·² ¿²¬·½·°¿¬·±² ±º º«¬«®» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¿² Û®±·±² ¿²¼ Í»¼·³»²¬ Ý±²¬®±´ °»®³·¬ ¬¸¿¬ ©¿ ±¾¬¿·²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ±©²»® ·² îððèô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬» · ·² ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¿¬» ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ »®±·±² ¿²¼ »¼·³»²¬ ½±²¬®±´ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò Ì±°±¹®¿°¸§ñÉ¿¬»®½±«®» Ì¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬» ª¿®·» ·² »´»ª¿¬·±² º®±³ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïïëð ¬± ïîîð º»»¬ô º±® ¿ ¼·ºº»®»²½» ±º ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ éð º»»¬ ·² »´»ª¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» º®±²¬¿¹» ¿´±²¹ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» · ´±©»® ¿²¼ ¹»²»®¿´´§ º´¿¬ ¼«» ¬± ¬¸» ®»³±ª¿´ ±º º·´´ ¼·®¬ ·² ®»½»²¬ §»¿®ò Ì¸» ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± ®·» º®±³ ¬¸» ©»¬ ¬± ¿ µ²±´´ ²»¿® ¬¸» ½»²¬»® ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ©¸»®» ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ®»·¼»²½» ©¿ ´±½¿¬»¼ò Ì¸» ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ ¬¸»² ¼®±° ¿²¼ ®·» ¬»»°´§ ±² ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¼«» ¬± ¬¸» »¨·¬»²½» ±º ¿² «²²¿³»¼ ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ ±º Þ¿½µ Ý®»»µ ©¸·½¸ º´±© ±«¬¸ ¿´±²¹ ß³¿²¼¿ Ô¿²»ò Ð®»´·³·²¿®§ º´±±¼°´¿·² »²¹·²»»®·²¹ ©¿ °»®º±®³»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® °®·±® ¬± ´±½¿¬·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬» º´±±¼°´¿·² ´·²» ¿®» ¼»°·½¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿²ò Ì¸» ½«®®»²¬ ·¬» ½±²¼·¬·±² ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¼®¿·² ¬± ¬¸» «²²¿³»¼ ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ò Ì¸» ©»¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¼®¿·² ¬±©¿®¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò ß² »¨·¬·²¹ îëóº±±¬ ¼®¿·²¿¹» »¿»³»²¬ · ¸±©² ©»¬ ±º ¿²¼ °¿®¿´´»´ ¬± Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¬¸¿¬ ½®±» «²¼»® Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò Ì¸» ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬» ©·´´ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± ½¸¿²¹» ·²½» ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ·²¬»²¼ ¬± ¾®·²¹ ¬¸» »´»ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ½´±»® ¬± ¬¸» ¹®¿¼» ±º ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ò Ì¸» ´±©»®»¼ »´»ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ©·´´ ³¿µ» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·³°¿½¬ ´» ª··¾´» º®±³ ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ò Þ±¬¸ ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² °®±°±» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» º´±±¼°´¿·²ò Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² ß °®±°±» ¿ ¹®»¿¬»® ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ©¿¬»®½±«®» ©·¬¸ ¿ ®»¬¿·´ ¿´» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ´·³·¬ ±º ¬¸» º´±±¼°´¿·²ò Ì¸» ·¬» ´¿§±«¬ ¸±©² ·² Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² Þ °®±°±» ´» ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ ¿²¼ º´±±¼°´¿·²ò Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¸¿ ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹»¼ ¬± ¬¿ºº ¬¸¿¬ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² »ºº±®¬ ©·´´ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ °®·±® ¬± ½±²¬®«½¬·±²ò Ë²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®³ ©¿¬»® ®»¬»²¬·±² · °®±°±»¼ ±² ¬¸» ·¬»ò Ê»¹»¬¿¬·±² Ê»¹»¬¿¬·±² ±² ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» · ©±±¼»¼ô ½±²·¬·²¹ ±º ¼»½·¼«±« ¿²¼ »ª»®¹®»»² ¬®»»ò Ì¸» Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ ®»½±³³»²¼ ¬¸» °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» 5 ¬®»¿³ ©·¬¸ ¿ ª»¹»¬¿¬·ª» ¾«ºº»®ò Í¬¿ºº ¸¿ ¿¼ª·»¼ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¬± ³¿·²¬¿·² ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¬®»» ½±ª»® ´±½¿¬»¼ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» ¬®»¿³ ¿²¼ ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» ¬®»¿³ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼» ¿ ¾«ºº»® ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿¼¶±·²·²¹ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ °®±°»®¬·»ò ×¼»¿´´§ô ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ©±«´¼ ¾» ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ º±® ïðð º»»¬ ¿´±²¹ ¾±¬¸ ·¼» ±º ¬¸» ¬®»¿³ô °»® ÝÊÑÜ ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²»ò Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¸¿ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¿ ¬®»» ¼±½«³»²¬¿¬·±² ¬«¼§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ·¼»²¬·º§·²¹ »¨·¬·²¹ ¬®»» ±²ó ·¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ²¿¬·ª» ¬®»»ô ·² ¹±±¼ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ±ª»® îì ·²½¸» ·² ¼·¿³»¬»®ò Ð»® ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²»ô ¬¸»» ¬¿²¼ ±º ³¿¬«®» ¬®»» ¸±«´¼ ¾» ®»¬¿·²»¼ ¬± »®ª» ¿ ¿ ²¿¬«®¿´ ¾¿½µ¼®±° ¬± ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ß²§ ´¿®¹» ²¿¬·ª» ¬®»» ¸±«´¼ ¾» °®»»®ª»¼ ¿²¼ ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ ·²¬± ¬¸» º·²¿´ ·¬» ´¿§±«¬ô »¨½»°¬ ©¸»®» «½¸ °®¿½¬·½» ²½±«®¿¹» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¬± ·¬» ¬®«½¬«®» ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ´±¬ ¿®±«²¼ ¬¿²¼ ±º ³¿¬«®» ¬®»» ¿²¼ ©¸»®» ²»»¼»¼ô ®»¯«·®» ¬¸» ®»°´¿½»³»²¬ ±º ¬®»»ò Î»½±¹²·¦» ¬¸» ·³°±®¬¿²¬ ®±´» ¬®»» ´¿§ ·² ¿·® ¯«¿´·¬§ô ¿»¬¸»¬·½ ¿²¼ Í«®®±«²¼·²¹ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ð®±°»®¬·» ¬± ¬¸» ²±®¬¸ô »¿¬ ¿²¼ ±«¬¸ ¿®» ¦±²»¼ ßÎô ß¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ ¿²¼ ½±²¬¿·² ·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ò Ì¸»» ¸±³» ¿®» ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿´±²¹ ß³¿²¼¿ Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò ß ®»¬¿·´ ¿´» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ô É¿´óÓ¿®¬ô · ½«®®»²¬´§ «²¼»® ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ²±®¬¸©»¬ ¿²¼ · ¦±²»¼ ÝóîñÝÊÑÜò Ð®±°»®¬·» ¬± ¬¸» ±«¬¸©»¬ ±º ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¿®» ¦±²»¼ ÝóîñÝÊÑÜ ¿²¼ ¿®» ½«®®»²¬´§ ª¿½¿²¬ò ß¬ ·¬ ½´±»¬ °±·²¬ô ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ · ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïôîðð º»»¬ ²±®¬¸ ±º ¬¸» Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬»ò ßÒßÔÇÍ×Í ÑÚ ÐÎÑÐÑÍÛÜ ÜÛÊÛÔÑÐÓÛÒÌ Í·¬» Ô¿§±«¬ Ì©± ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¸¿ª» ¾»»² «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ©·¬¸ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ °®±ºº»®ò Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² ß °®±°±» ¿ ìçôëðð ¯«¿®» º±±¬ ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» ¿²¼ ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ô »¿½¸ °®±°±»¼ ¿¬ íôêðð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ò Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² Þ °®±°±» ¬©± ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» ¿²¼ ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹» ±º ¬¸» ®»¬¿·´ ¬±®» · îëôððð ¿²¼ ïëôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ô ®»°»½¬·ª»´§ò Ì¸» ¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹» °®±°±»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¬©± º¿¬ º±±¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ ³·®®±® ¬¸» ·¦» °®±°±»¼ ·² Ý±²½»°¬ Ð´¿² ßò Þ±¬¸ ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² °®±°±» ¿ ·²¹´» »²¬®¿²½» ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò Ì¸· »²¬®¿²½» ©±«´¼ »®ª» ¿ ²»¬©±®µ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ¿·´» ¿²¼ °¿½» º±® ¬¸®»» ±® º±«® ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò ×¬ · ·³°±®¬¿²¬ ¬± ²±¬» ¬¸¿¬ ²»·¬¸»® ±º ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¸¿ ¾»»² °®±ºº»®»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¿®» ®»¯«»¬·²¹ ¿ °®±°»½¬·ª» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿ ²± ¬»²¿²¬ ¿®» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ·¬» ´¿§±«¬ ³·²·³·¦» ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º »²¬®¿²½» ±²¬± ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ¿²¼ ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¸¿®»¼ ¿½½» ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»¬¿·´ ¿²¼ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ò Í¬¿ºº ¸¿ »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¬± ½±´´¿¾±®¿¬» ©·¬¸ É¿´óÓ¿®¬ ¬± ¼·®»½¬´§ ½±²²»½¬ ¿²¼ ½±±®¼·²¿¬» ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®»¬¿·´ ½»²¬»® ø²± ¼¿¬» º±® ½±²¬®«½¬·±²÷ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¬± º«®¬¸»® ·¼»²¬·º§ ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿ ¿ ½±¸»·ª» Ê·´´¿¹» Ý»²¬»®ò É·¬¸·² ¬¸» °®·³¿®§ ¿½½» ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¿´±²¹ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¿ ·¼»©¿´µô °»¼»¬®·¿² ½¿´» ¼»·¹² º»¿¬«®» ¿ Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ ¿´± °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬± ½±²²»½¬ ¿´´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ±² ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ©·¬¸ °»¼»¬®·¿² °¿¬¸ô «¾¶»½¬ ¬± °»¼»¬®·¿² ¿º»¬§ ³±¼·º·½¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ «²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®¿¹» ©·´´ ¾» «»¼ ¬± ¼»¬¿·² ¬±®³©¿¬»® ®«²±ºº º®±³ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ý·¬·¦»² »¨°®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ¿¬ ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ®«²±ºº ¿²¼ ·´¬ º®±³ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬¸¿¬ ½±«´¼ ¼»¹®¿¼» ¬¸» ©¿¬»® ¯«¿´·¬§ ¿²¼ »½±´±¹§ ±º ¬¸» «²²¿³»¼ ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ ±º Þ¿½µ Ý®»»µ ¬¸¿¬ º´±© ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬»ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ «²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¼»¬»²¬·±² · °®±°±»¼ ©¸·½¸ ©±«´¼ ½¿°¬«®» ¿²¼ ¬±®» ¬¸» ¬±®³©¿¬»® ½±´´»½¬»¼ º®±³ «®®±«²¼·²¹ 6 ·³°»®ª·±« ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» ¬±®»¼ ©¿¬»® ©±«´¼ ¬¸»² ¾» ®»´»¿»¼ ¼·®»½¬´§ ¾¿½µ ·²¬± ¬¸» ²¿¬«®¿´ ©¿¬»® ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿² ±«¬´»¬ °·°» ¿¬ ®¿¬» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ®»¼«½» °»¿µ ©¿¬»® º´±© ¼«®·²¹ ¬±®³ô ³·³·½µ·²¹ °®»ó¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ½±²¼·¬·±²ò ×² ±³» ½¿»ô ¬±®»¼ ©¿¬»® ³¿§ ¾» ¿´´±©»¼ ¬± ·²º·´¬®¿¬» ¿²¼ ®»½¸¿®¹» ¹®±«²¼ ©¿¬»® ·º ±·´ ¬§°» ¿®» «·¬¿¾´» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¹®±«²¼©¿¬»® ¬¿¾´» · ´±½¿¬»¼ «ºº·½·»²¬´§ ¾»´±© ¬¸» ©¿¬»® ¬±®¿¹» «²·¬ò Ì¸» ¬±®»¼ ©¿¬»® ©±«´¼ ®»´»¿» ³±®» ´±©´§ ±ª»® ¿ °»®·±¼ ±º ¸±«® ±® ¼¿§ ¬± ³»»¬ ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ò Ë²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¼»¬»²¬·±² §¬»³ ¿®» ·¼»¿´ º±® «» «²¼»® °¿®µ·²¹ ´±¬ô ®±¿¼©¿§ô ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°»¼ ¿®»¿ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Í¸¿´´±© ¬±®³©¿¬»® °±²¼ ¹»²»®¿´´§ ¬¿µ» «° ³±®» °¿½»ô ´·³·¬·²¹ ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ ±º ¼»ª»´±°¿¾´» ´¿²¼ò ß®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ Û´»³»²¬ ß®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ®»²¼»®·²¹ ©»®» ²±¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»®å ¸±©»ª»®ô °®±ºº»® ©»®» «¾³·¬¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ¬¸¿¬ ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» ·² ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¸¿ °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½±²¬®«½¬»¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ¾» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ©·¬¸ ±²» ¿²±¬¸»®ò Ì¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º¿½¿¼» ¸¿´´ ¾» ±º ·³·´¿® ¼»·¹²ô ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¿²¼ ·³·´¿® ¼»¬¿·´·²¹ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ »¨¬»®·±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½±´±® ¸¿´´ ¾» ¾®±©²ô ¾»·¹»ô ¬¿² ¿²¼ñ±® ©¸·¬» ± ¿ ¬± ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» »¨¬»®·±® ½±´±® ½¸»³» º±® ¬¸» ®»¬¿·´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ½»²¬»® ø·ò»ò É¿´óÓ¿®¬÷ò ß ´·¬ ±º ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» ¿²¼ °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ º·²·¸» ¿®» °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» °®±ºº»® ¿²¼ ·²½´«¼»æ ß½½»°¬¿¾´» Þ«·´¼·²¹ Ú·²·¸» Ð®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¿ò¾®·½µ ¿òË²°¿·²¬»¼ ±® ¾¿®» ³»¬¿´ °¿²»´ ¾ò©±±¼ô ª·²§´ ±® ½±³°±·¬» ©±±¼ «¾¬·¬«¬» ¾òÞ¿®» »¨°±»¼ ½±²½®»¬» ¬¸¿¬ · ²±¬ »¨°±»¼ ´¿° ·¼·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬®·³ ¿¹¹®»¹¿¬»ô ¸¿³³»®»¼ô ¿²¼ ¾´¿¬»¼ ±® ½±ª»®»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿ ½»³»²¬ ¾¿»¼ ¿½®§´·½ ½±¿¬·²¹ ½ò¬«½½± ±® »¨¬»®·±® ·²«´¿¬»¼ º·²·¸ §¬»³ ½òË²º·²·¸»¼ ©±±¼ ±¬¸»® ¬¸¿² ½»¼¿®ô øÛ×ÚÍ÷ ³¿¸±¹¿²§ô ¬»¿µ ±® ®»¼©±±¼ ¼ò¬±²» º¿½» ½±´±®»¼ ½±²½®»¬» ¾´±½µ »ò¬±²» ±® ½¿¬ ¬±²» ºò¬¿²¼·²¹ »¿³ ³»¬¿´ô ½±°°»®ô ½±³°±·¬» ´¿¬» ¬·´» ±® ¿°¸¿´¬ ¸·²¹´» ®±±º Ì¸» ®±±º´·²» ¬®»¿¬³»²¬ ±² ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¿´± ¾» ±º ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¼»·¹²ò ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²»ô ²± º´¿¬ ®±±º ¸¿´´ ¾» ª··¾´» º®±³ ËòÍò îîðò Î±±º¬±° ³»½¸¿²·½¿´ »¯«·°³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¸·»´¼»¼ º®±³ ª·»© º®±³ ËòÍò îîð ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò Í½®»»²·²¹ ±º »®ª·½» ¿²¼ ¬®¿¸ ¿®»¿ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¬¸» »¨¬»®·±® º·²·¸ ±º ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ º±® ©¸·½¸ ·¬ »®ª»ò Ñ¬¸»® ¿³»²·¬·» «½¸ ¿ °´¿¦¿ô ¸¿®¼½¿°» ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°»¼ ¿®»¿ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ¾» ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ¬± ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ¿²¼ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ±«¬¼±±® »¿¬·²¹ ¿®»¿ô ª¿®·»¼ °¿ª·²¹ ³¿¬»®·¿´ ¬± ¿¼¼ ½±²¬®¿¬ ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬«®»ô ¿²¼ ¼»½±®¿¬·ª» ½±²¬¿·²»® ©·¬¸ »¿±²¿´ ´¿²¼½¿°»ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ®»¬¿«®¿²¬ ¬»²¿²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ±«¬¼±±® ¼·²·²¹ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸ ¬¿¾´»ô ½¸¿·® ¿²¼ «³¾®»´´¿ò Û¨¬»®·±® »´»ª¿¬·±² ½¸»³¿¬·½ ©»®» ²±¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» ³¿¨·³«³ ¸»·¹¸¬ ±º ¬®«½¬«®» ·² ¬¸» Ýóî ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ · «²´·³·¬»¼ «²´» ¿¼¶±·²·²¹ °®±°»®¬§ ¦±²»¼ Îóï ±® Îóîô ±® ¿ ±¬¸»®©·» ®»¬®·½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ±®¼·²¿²½»ò Ì¸» ·¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ ´·³·¬ ¬¸» ³¿¨·³«³ ¸»·¹¸¬ ±º ¬®«½¬«®» ¿¬ íë º»»¬ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ ©±®µ»¼ »¨¬»²·ª»´§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ ¿²¼ Ý±«²¬§ ¬¿ºº ¬± °®±ª·¼» ª·»©¸»¼ °®±º·´» ¬¸¿¬ ¼»³±²¬®¿¬» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·´´ ¸¿ª» ³·²±® ª·«¿´ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ò Í·¬» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¸¿ ¾»»² ¼»·¹²»¼ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ½±³³»²¬ º®±³ ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¼»·¹² ¹«·¼»´·²» ·² ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ·² ®»¹¿®¼ ¬± ·¬» ´·¹¸¬·²¹æ 7 Ð®±ºº»® ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ Í·¬» Ô·¹¸¬·²¹ ¿ò ·´´«³·²¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¿ª±·¼ °·´´±ª»® ¬± ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ °®±°»®¬·»ò ¾òÍ·¼»©¿´µ ³¿§ ¾» ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¼»½±®¿¬·ª» °»¼»¬®·¿²ó½¿´»¼ °±´» ±® ¾«·´¼·²¹ ³±«²¬»¼ ´«³·²¿®·»ò ½òÐ´¿¦¿ ³¿§ ¾» ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ ·³·´¿® ¬± ·¼»©¿´µ ¾«¬ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ º»¿¬«®» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ º±® ¿¬¬®¿½¬·±² ¿²¼ ±«¬¼±±® ¼·²·²¹ò ¼òÔ¿²¼½¿°» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ³¿§ ¾» »³°´±§»¼ ¬± »²¸¿²½» ·¬» »²¬®¿²½» ¿²¼ º»¿¬«®» ¿®»¿ò »òÒ± »¨°±»¼ º´«±®»½»²¬ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» °»®³·¬¬»¼ò ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½» ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¿²¼ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²»ô º®»»¬¿²¼·²¹ ´·¹¸¬ °±´»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ º·¨¬«®»ô ¸¿´´ ²±¬ »¨½»»¼ ïè º»»¬ ¿¾±ª» ¹®¿¼»ò ß´´ »¨¬»®·±® ´·¹¸¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ »½«®·¬§ ´·¹¸¬·²¹ô ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼±©²ó ´·¬ ±® ¸·»´¼»¼ ± ¿ ²±¬ ¬± ¼·®»½¬ ¹´¿®» ±²¬± ¿¼¶±·²·²¹ ¬®»»¬ ±® ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ °®±°»®¬·»ò Ô¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½»ô ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ¿®» ¸±©² ±² ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² «¾³·¬¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ °»¬·¬·±²ò Þ«ºº»® §¿®¼ ¿®» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸»®²ô »¿¬»®² ¿²¼ ±«¬¸»®² °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ©¸»®» ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿¼¶±·² °®±°»®¬·» ¦±²»¼ ßÎò Ð»® Í»½¬·±² íðóçîóê ±º ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½»ô ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ±°¬·±² ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®¿²¹» º®±³ îðóº»»¬ ¬± ìðóº»»¬ ·² ©·¼¬¸ò Ì¸» ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ±°¬·±² °®±ª·¼» ¼»ª»´±°»® ©·¬¸ º´»¨·¾·´·¬§ ·² »´»½¬·²¹ ¿ ´¿®¹»® ¾«ºº»® ©·¬¸ ´» ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ô ±® ¿ ³¿´´»® ¾«ºº»® ©·¬¸ ³±®» ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ¿²¼ ½®»»²·²¹ò ß´´ ±º ¬¸» ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ±°¬·±² ®»¯«·®» ®±© ±º ´¿®¹» »ª»®¹®»»² ¬®»»ô ´¿®¹» »ª»®¹®»»² ¸®«¾ ¿²¼ ´¿®¹» ¼»½·¼«±« ¬®»» »ª»®§ ïðð ´·²»¿® º»»¬ò Ì¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ ²«³¾»® ±º °´¿²¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ½®»»²·²¹ ª¿®§ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¾«ºº»® ±°¬·±² ½¸±»² ¾§ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»®ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸»·® ·²¬»²¬ ¬± °®»»®ª» ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ½®»»µ ¾¿²µ ±º ¬¸» «²²¿³»¼ ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ô ± ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ©±«´¼ ®»³¿·² «²¼·¬«®¾»¼ ¿²¼ »®ª» ¿ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ½®»»²·²¹ò ×² ±®¼»® ¬± »²¸¿²½» ¬¸» ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ±² ¬¸» ·¬»ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬± ·²½®»¿» ¬¸» ©·¼¬¸ ±º ¿²§ ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ¾§ ïðûò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ½±²¼«½¬»¼ ¿² ¿²¿´§· ±º ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ¬± ·¼»²¬·º§ ´¿®¹»®ô ³¿¬«®» ¬®»» ±² ·¬»ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» ®»½±³³»²¼ ¬¸» °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬·±² ±º ²¿¬·ª» ¬®»» ·² ¹±±¼ ½±²¼·¬·±² ¿²¼ ±ª»® îì ·²½¸» ·² ¼·¿³»¬»®ô »¨½»°¬ ©¸»®» «½¸ °®¿½¬·½» »ª»®»´§ ´· ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±°¬·±²ò ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¬¿ºº ®»°±®¬ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸»·® ·²¬»²¬ ¬± ®»¬¿·² ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¬®»» îì ·²½¸» ±® ³±®» ·² ¼·¿³»¬»® ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿®±«²¼ ¬¸» °»®·³»¬»® ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¿²¼ º¿´´ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¾«ºº»®ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸±» ¬®»» ¬¸¿¬ ¼± ²±¬ »ª»®»´§ ´·³·¬ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ·¬»ò Ô¿¬´§ô ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²»ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®·³¿®§ ¿½½» ¿®»¿ ¬± ¬¸» ·¬»ô ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ô ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»·¹²»¼ ± ¿ ¬± ·²½±®°±®¿¬» ¿ ·¼»©¿´µô °»¼»¬®·¿² ½¿´» ¼»·¹² º»¿¬«®» ¿²¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± »®ª» ¿ ¿ ½±³³«²·¬§ º±½¿´ °±·²¬ò ß ïëóº±±¬ °´¿²¬·²¹ ¿®»¿ · ¸±©² ±² ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿´±²¹ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò Ò¿¬·ª» °´¿²¬ ¿®» ¬± ¾» ·²¬¿´´»¼ ·² ¬¸· ¿®»¿ º®±³ ¬¸» ´·¬ °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ß°°»²¼·¨ Ü ±º ¬¸» Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» º±® ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¸¿¼» ¬®»»ô ¸®«¾ ¿²¼ º´±©»®·²¹ ±®²¿³»²¬¿´ ¬®»»ò ß´´ ±¬¸»® ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ®»¯«·®»¼ ±² ¬¸» ·¬» ©·´´ ¾» ®»ª·»©»¼ ¼«®·²¹ ¬¸» ·¬» °´¿² ®»ª·»© °®±½»ò Í·¹²¿¹» Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» °®±ºº»® ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ³¿·² º®»»¬¿²¼·²¹ ¬»²¿²¬ ·¼»²¬·º·½¿¬·±² ·¹² ¸¿´´ ¾» ´±½¿¬»¼ ²»¿® ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò Ì¸» º®»»¬¿²¼·²¹ ·¹² ¸¿´´ ¾» ³±²«³»²¬ ¬§´»ô «¬·´·¦» ¿½½»°¬¿¾´» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ³¿¬»®·¿´ô ¿²¼ ¸¿ª» ²± ³±®» ¬¸¿² ¬©± ·¼»ò ß °®±ºº»®»¼ô ¬»²¿²¬ ·¹²¿¹» ª··¾´» ±ººó·¬» 8 ¸¿´´ ¾» »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¬± ¾» ½®»¿¬·ª» ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ¿¼¼ ·²¬»®»¬ ¿²¼ ¬»¨¬«®» ø´±¹± ¿²¼ ·³¿¹» ¿®» °»®³·¬¬»¼÷ò Ð®±¶»½¬·²¹ ·¹² ¿²¼ «°»²¼»¼ ·¹² ¿®» ¾»·²¹ »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°»®ò Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°»® ¸¿ª» °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¾±¨ ·¹²ô »¨°±»¼ ®¿½»©¿§ô ¿²¼ »¨°±»¼ º´«±®»½»²¬ ·¹²ò Í·¹²¿¹» ³¿§ ¾» ·²¬»®²¿´´§ ±® »¨¬»®²¿´´§ ·´´«³·²¿¬»¼ò ß´´ ·¹² ½±´±® °¿´»¬¬» ©· ß½½»ñÌ®¿ºº·½ Ý·®½«´¿¬·±² ß½½» · °®±°±»¼ ª·¿ ¿ ·²¹´» ¬©±ó©¿§ »²¬®¿²½» ½±²²»½¬·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ®»¿´·¹²»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò ß ¸±©² ±² ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿²ô ¬¸»®» · ¿ ðòìðîó¿½®» °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¾» ª¿½¿¬»¼ ¿²¼ ¼»»¼»¼ ¬± ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ±²½» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» · ®»¿´·¹²»¼ ¿²¼ ¿¼±°¬»¼ ·²¬± ¬¸» ¬¿¬» ®±¿¼ §¬»³ò Ì¸» ðòìðîó¿½®» °±®¬·±² ±º ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ¬¸¿¬ · ¬± ¾» ¿½¯«·®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ©±«´¼ ¿«³» ¬¸» ¦±²·²¹ ±º ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ °¿®½»´ø÷ ¬± ©¸·½¸ ·¬ · ¼»»¼»¼ò ×²¬»®²¿´ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½·®½«´¿¬·±² ±² ¬¸» ·¬» ©±«´¼ ¾» °®±ª·¼»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ²»¬©±®µ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ´±¬ ¿²¼ ¼®·ª» ¿·´» «®®±«²¼·²¹ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò ß °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ °®±½» º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¿ Ì®¿ºº·½ ×³°¿½¬ ß²¿´§· ©¿ °®»°¿®»¼ ¾§ Î¿³»§ Õ»³° ú ß±½·¿¬» ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ÊÜÑÌ Ý¸¿°¬»® ëîé ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ò Ì¸» ½±°» ±º ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¿´§· ©¿ ½±±®¼·²¿¬»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÊÜÑÌ÷ ¿²¼ Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ò Ì¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ¬«¼§ ¿½½±«²¬»¼ º±® ¬¸» ²»¿®¾§ É¿´³¿®¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿±½·¿¬»¼ ®±¿¼ ²»¬©±®µ ½¸¿²¹»ò Ì¸» ¬«¼§ ¿²¿´§¦»¼ »¨·¬·²¹ øîððç÷ ¿²¼ º«¬«®» øîðïì÷ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ©·¬¸ ¿²¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ·¬» º«´´§ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ô ¼«®·²¹ ¬¸» ©»»µ¼¿§ ßÓ ¿²¼ ÐÓ °»¿µ ¸±«®ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¼«®·²¹ ¬¸» Í¿¬«®¼¿§ °»¿µ ¸±«®ò Ì¸» º«¬«®» øîðîð÷ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¼·¬·±²ô ©·¬¸ ¿²¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ·¬» º«´´§ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ô ©»®» ¿´± ¿²¿´§¦»¼ ¬± ·¼»²¬·º§ º«¬«®» ¼»º·½·»²½·» ¬¸¿¬ ©·´´ ¿·¼ ÊÜÑÌ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ý±«²¬§ ·² ¼»¬»®³·²·²¹ ¬¸» °±¬»²¬·¿´ ²»»¼ º±® ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ «²¼»® º«¬«®» ®±¿¼©¿§ ¿²¼ñ±® ·²¬»®»½¬·±² °®±¶»½¬ò ß ½±²»®ª¿¬·ª» ¿°°®±¿½¸ ©¿ ¬¿µ»² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¬«¼§ ¿²¼ ¿ ìëôððð ¯«¿®» º±±¬ «°»®³¿®µ»¬ ©¿ ¿«³»¼ ·² ¬¸» °´¿½» ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ìçôíðð ¯«¿®» º»»¬ ±º ®»¬¿·´ °¿½»ô ¿ ¿ ©±®¬ ½¿» ¬®¿ºº·½ ½»²¿®·±ò Ì¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¬± ¾» ¾«·´¬ ±«¬ ¾§ ¬¸» §»¿® îðïìò Þ¿»¼ ±² ¬¸» »¨»½«¬·ª» «³³¿®§ º±«²¼ ·² ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¿´§·ô ·¬ · »¬·³¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·´´ ¹»²»®¿¬» èôïéí ¬®·° ø·² ¿²¼ ±«¬÷ ¼«®·²¹ ¿ ¬§°·½¿´ ©»»µ¼¿§ ¿²¼ ïíôïçð ¬®·° ±² ¿ ¬§°·½¿´ Í¿¬«®¼¿§ò ×¬ · ²±¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» «³³¿®§ ¬¸¿¬ ²±¬ ¿´´ ±º ¬¸»» ¬®·° ©·´´ ·³°¿½¬ ¬¸» «®®±«²¼·²¹ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ²»¬©±®µò Í±³» ±º ¬¸» ¬®·° ©·´´ ¾» ½¿°¬«®»¼ ·²¬»®²¿´´§ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ É¿´óÓ¿®¬ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ±³» ±º ¬¸»» ¬®·° ©·´´ ¾» ¿¬¬®¿½¬»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ²»¬©±®µò Ñ² ß°®·´ çô îðïðô ¬¸» Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² øÊÜÑÌ÷ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¿ ´»¬¬»® ¬± Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ¬¿¬·²¹ ¬¸»·® ½±²½«®®»²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» º·²¼·²¹ °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ¿²¿´§·ò ×² ¬¸· ´»¬¬»® ¬± Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ô ÊÜÑÌ ¿¼¼®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ·² ¼»·¹² §»¿® îðïì ¿²¼ îðîð ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ·²½®»¿» ·² ¼»´¿§ ¿²¼ ¯«»«» ¿¬ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º ËòÍò Î±«¬» îîð ©·¬¸ ¾±¬¸ Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²» ¿²¼ Þ«½µ Ó±«²¬¿·² Î±¿¼ò ÊÜÑÌ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¿ ´·¬ ±º ³±ª»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¯«»«» ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ·¹²·º·½¿²¬´§ ·²½®»¿»¼ ±® ¿®» ´±²¹»® ¬¸¿² ¬¸» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬±®¿¹»ò Ì¸» ·²¼·ª·¼«¿´ ¯«»«» ´»²¹¬¸ ¿²¼ ª±´«³» ¿®» ¼±½«³»²¬»¼ ·²½´«¼»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸· ¬¿ºº ®»°±®¬ ¿²¼ ¿®» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» º±® °«¾´·½ ª·»©·²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½¿» º·´» º±® ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ò Ñ² Ò±ª»³¾»® ìô îðïðô ÊÜÑÌ «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¿ ´»¬¬»® ¬± Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ·²¼·½¿¬·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¿²§ °®±°±»¼ ³·¬·¹¿¬·±² ³»¿«®» º±«²¼ ·² ¬¸» ¬®¿ºº·½ ·³°¿½¬ ¿²¿´§· ³«¬ ¾» ®»º´»½¬»¼ ·² °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °´¿² º±® ¬¸» ·¬» ©¸»² «¾³·¬¬»¼ ¬± ÊÜÑÌ º±® ®»ª·»© ¿²¼ ¿°°®±ª¿´ò É·¬¸ ¬¸» ½±²¬®«½¬·±² ±º ¿ ½±³³»®½·¿´ »²¬®¿²½»ô ÊÜÑÌ ®»¯«»¬ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ÊÜÑÌ Î±¿¼ Ü»·¹² Ó¿²«¿´ ß°°»²¼·¨ Ú ¾» ¿¼¸»®»¼ ¬± ©¸»®» ¿°°´·½¿¾´»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ³·²·³«³ ·¹¸¬ ¼·¬¿²½» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ô »²¬®¿²½» °¿½·²¹ô ¿²¼ ½±®²»® ½´»¿®¿²½»ò ÊÜÑÌ ¬¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °±¬»¼ °»»¼ ´·³·¬ º±® Î±«¬» êéì ¿²¼ êéë ¿®» îë ³·´» °»® ¸±«®ò Ì¸» ³·²·³«³ ®»¯«·®»¼ ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ·¹¸¬ ¼·¬¿²½» · îèð º»»¬ò Ë°±² ®»ª·»© ¿²¼ ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ·¬» °´¿²ô ¿ ´¿²¼ «» °»®³·¬ ©·´´ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ©±®µ ©·¬¸·² ÊÜÑÌ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ò ×²º±®³¿¬·±² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¿²§ ½¸¿²¹» ¬± ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¼®¿·²¿¹» §¬»³ ¸±«´¼ ¿´± ¾» ·²½´«¼»¼ º±® ®»ª·»©ò Ò± ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ½¸¿²¹» ¬± 9 ¬¸» ®±¿¼ ²»¬©±®µ ¿®» ²»»¼»¼ ¬± ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬» ¬¸· °®±°±¿´ò Ë¬·´·¬·» Ð«¾´·½ ©¿¬»® ¿²¼ ¿²·¬¿®§ »©»® · ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» ·¬»ò ß² èó·²½¸ ©¿¬»® ´·²» ®«² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» º®±²¬ °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¿² èó·²½¸ ©¿¬»® ´·²» · ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» »¿¬ ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ¿´±²¹ ß³¿²¼¿ Ô¿²»ò ß² èó·²½¸ ¿²·¬¿®§ »©»® ´·²» · ´±½¿¬»¼ ¿´±²¹ Ý´»¿®¾±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ò Ì¸»®» ©»®» ²± ½±³³»²¬ ±® ½±²½»®² ®¿·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» É»¬»®² Ê·®¹·²·¿ É¿¬»® ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò Ú·®» ú Î»½«» ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±¼» çóîïøîð÷ô ©¸·½¸ · ¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» Í¬¿¬»©·¼» Ú·®» Ð®»ª»²¬·±² Ý±¼» øîððê »¼·¬·±²÷ ëðèòïòëô ·¬ ©¿ ²±¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ©¿¬»® ´·²»ô º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ô ¿²¼ ¿ ©¿¬»® «°°´§ ©±«´¼ ²»»¼ ¬± ¾» ¿¼ª¿²½»¼ ±²¬± ¬¸· ·¬» º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¬®«½¬«®» ¬± ³»»¬ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»¼ º·®» º´±©ò Ì¸±» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ®»¯«·®» ¿ °®·²µ´»® §¬»³ ©±«´¼ ²»»¼ ¬± ¸¿ª» ¬¸» º·®» ¼»°¿®¬³»²¬ ½±²²»½¬·±² ´±½¿¬»¼ ±² ¬¸» º®±²¬ ±º ¬¸» ¬®«½¬«®» ©·¬¸ ¿ º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ ²± ³±®» ¬¸¿² ïðð º»»¬ º®±³ ¬¸¿¬ ½±²²»½¬·±²ò Ü»´·²»¿¬·±² ±º ¿°°®±°®·¿¬»ñ®»¯«·®»¼ º·®» ´¿²» ¿²¼ º·®» «°°®»·±² §¬»³ ©·´´ ¾» ¿½½±³°´·¸»¼ ¼«®·²¹ ·¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»ª·»©ò Ú·®» ¿²¼ Î»½«» »®ª·½» ©±«´¼ ¾» °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ú·®» Í¬¿¬·±²ò Û½±²±³·½ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ì¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Û½±²±³·½ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ · ·² «°°±®¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¾»´·»ª» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ¸·¹¸»¬ ¿²¼ ¾»¬ «» º±® ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ·¬» · ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ ®»¬¿·´ò Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ó»»¬·²¹ Ñ² ß°®·´ ïîô îðïðô Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ÔÔÝ ¸»´¼ ¿ ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ¿¬ ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Û´»³»²¬¿®§ Í½¸±±´ò ß°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ îé ½·¬·¦»² ¿¬¬»²¼»¼ ¿´±²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»®ô ¸· ¼»·¹² ¬»¿³ ¿²¼ ´»¹¿´ ½±«²»´ ¿²¼ ¬¿ºº º®±³ ÊÜÑÌò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® °®»»²¬»¼ ¸· ±®·¹·²¿´ ½±²½»°¬ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ³«´¬·°´» ª·»©ô °»®°»½¬·ª» ¿²¼ »´»ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¾«·´¼·²¹ò Ì¸» ½·¬·¦»² »¨°®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ©·¬¸ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ±² ¬¸» ·¬»ô ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ ¿²¼ º·²¿´ »´»ª¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô ¬¿¬« ±º ¬¸» Ì®¿ºº·½ ×³°¿½¬ ß²¿´§· øÌ×ß÷ô ¬®¿ºº·½ ½±²¹»¬·±² ¿¬ »²¬®¿²½» ¬± «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ô ½«¬ó¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®«½µ ¬®¿ºº·½ ±² Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²» ¿²¼ ¬¸» ·²¬»®»½¬·±² ±º Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ê·´´¿¹» Ô¿²»ô °®±°±»¼ ¾«ºº»®·²¹ ¿²¼ °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ±º »¨·¬·²¹ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±²ò Ú±´´±©·²¹ «¾¬¿²¬·¿´ ®»ª··±² ¬± ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ °®±ºº»® «¾³·¬¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ±®·¹·²¿´ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±²ô ¿ »½±²¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ ©¿ ¸»´¼ ±² Ò±ª»³¾»® èô îðïð ¿¬ ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ß¼³·²·¬®¿¬·±² Ý»²¬»®ò ß°°®±¨·³¿¬»´§ ïê ½·¬·¦»² ©»®» ·² ¿¬¬»²¼¿²½»ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»®ô ¸· ´»¹¿´ ½±«²»´ô ¸· ¼»·¹² »²¹·²»»®ô ¬¿ºº º®±³ ÊÜÑÌô Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ »´»½¬»¼ ¿²¼ ¿°°±·²¬»¼ ±ºº·½·¿´ ¿²¼ Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ¬¿ººò Í·³·´¿® ¬± ¬¸» º·®¬ ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»»¬·²¹ô ½·¬·¦»² »¨°®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ³¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ±² ¬¸» ·¬»ô °®±°±»¼ ¬±°±¹®¿°¸§ô °®±°±»¼ ¾«ºº»®·²¹ô ¿²¼ ½«¬ó¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬®¿ºº·½ ±² Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ô¿²»ò ÝÑÒÚÑÎÓßÒÝÛ É×ÌØ ÎÑßÒÑÕÛ ÝÑËÒÌÇ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ ×² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ú«¬«®» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ù«·¼» ·² ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³°®»¸»²·ª» Ð´¿²ô ¬¸» «¾¶»½¬ °¿®½»´ ¿®» ¼»·¹²¿¬»¼ ¿ ¿ Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸· ´¿²¼ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±² »²½±«®¿¹» ¬¸» ±®¼»®´§ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¸·¹¸©¿§ º®±²¬¿¹» °¿®½»´ò Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ ¹»²»®¿´´§ »®ª» ¿ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¾«ºº»® ¾»¬©»»² ¸·¹¸©¿§ ¿²¼ ²»¿®¾§ ±® ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ´±©»® ·²¬»²·¬§ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ×²¬»²» ®»¬¿·´ ¿²¼ ¸·¹¸©¿§ ±®·»²¬»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ «» ¿®» ¼·½±«®¿¹»¼ ·² ¬®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿å ¸±©»ª»®ô ³¿´´ó½¿´» °´¿²²»¼ ¿²¼ ½´«¬»®»¼ ®»¬¿·´ «» ¿®» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» ·² Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸»» ¿®»¿ »®ª» ¿ ¿ ¾«ºº»® ¬®·° ¾»¬©»»² ½±²º´·½¬·²¹ ´¿²¼ «» °¿¬¬»®² ©¸»®» ´±½¿¬·±² ¿®» »®ª»¼ ¾§ «®¾¿² »®ª·½»ò 10 ß ¸·¹¸ ¼»¹®»» ±º ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»·¹² ¿²¼ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´´§ »²·¬·ª» ·¬» ¼»·¹² · »²½±«®¿¹»¼ ©·¬¸·² Ì®¿²·¬·±² ¿®»¿ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» °®±ºº»®»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·´´ ¸¿ª» ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ½±¸»·ª» ¬± ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ì¸» ·¹² °®±°±»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©·´´ Í¬¿ºº ¸¿ »¨°®»»¼ ½±²½»®² ¬± ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ´±½¿¬·±² ¸±©² ±² ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ ±² ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬»ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ª» ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ «²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¼»¬»²¬·±² · °´¿²²»¼ô ¿²¼ ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ¬®·¾«¬¿®§ ©·´´ ¾» ¿¼¼®»»¼ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¿¬» ¿²¼ ´±½¿´ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²ò Û¨·¬·²¹ ª»¹»¬¿¬·±² ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» »¿¬»®² °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ·¬» · ¾»·²¹ ®»¬¿·²»¼ô ¿²¼ ¾«ºº»® ¿®» ¾»·²¹ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» ²±®¬¸»®²ô ±«¬¸»®² ¿²¼ »¿¬»®² °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ©¸·½¸ »¨½»»¼ ¬¸» ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Æ±²·²¹ Ñ®¼·²¿²½»ò Ì¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ °®±ºº»® ½±²º±®³ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °±´·½·» ¿²¼ ¹«·¼»´·²» ±º ¬¸» Ì®¿²·¬·±² º«¬«®» ´¿²¼ «» ¼»·¹²¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³°®»¸»²·ª» Ð´¿² ¿´± °®±ª·¼» ¹«·¼¿²½» º±® ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ð´¿²²·²¹ ß®»¿ò Ì¸» ¿²¿´§· · ®»º´»½¬·ª» ±º ¬¸» ¬¸»³» ¿²¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ ª¿´«» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ¾§ ½·¬·¦»² ·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ ª¿´«» ¿½µ²±©´»¼¹» ¬¸» ½´±» °®±¨·³·¬§ ±º ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ ¬± ²»¿®¾§ «®¾¿²·¦»¼ ¿®»¿ ±º Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ¿²¼ Î±¿²±µ» Ý·¬§å §»¬ »³°¸¿·¦» ¬¸» °®»»®ª¿¬·±² ¿²¼ °®±¬»½¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ½´±»óµ²·¬ô ®«®¿´ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» °¿¬±®¿´ ´¿²¼½¿°»ô ª·»© ±º ¬¸» ®·¼¹» ¿²¼ ª¿´´»§ô ¿²¼ ½»²·½ ¿²¼ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ¯«¿´·¬§ ±º Þ¿½µ Ý®»»µ ¿®» ¿´´ ·³°±®¬¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¸±«´¼ ¾» ½»²¬»®»¼ ¿®±«²¼ ¿®»¿ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» ¿®» ®»º´»½¬·ª» ±º ¬¸»» ¬¸»³»ò Ì¸» Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² · ®»º´»½¬·ª» ±º »²¸¿²½»¼ ´¿²¼½¿°·²¹ ¿²¼ ¿®½¸·¬»½¬«®¿´´§ »²·¬·ª» ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¿²¼ ·¹² ¼»·¹² ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» ¿»¬¸»¬·½¿´´§ °´»¿·²¹ ¿²¼ ½±³°´·³»²¬¿®§ ©·¬¸ «®®±«²¼·²¹ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ÍÌßÚÚ ÝÑÒÝÔËÍ×ÑÒÍ Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»¦±²·²¹ · ¬¸» ®»«´¬ ±º ³±²¬¸ ±º ®»ª··±² ¬± ¬¸» ½±²½»°¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ °®±ºº»®ô ¬¸» °®»°¿®¿¬·±² ±º ¿ Ì®¿ºº·½ ×³°¿½¬ ß²¿´§·ô ·²¬»®¿½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¿ºº º®±³ ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ô Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±²ô ¿²¼ ³±¬ ·³°±®¬¿²¬´§ô ·²¬»®¿½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ½·¬·¦»² ·² ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °´¿² ¿²¼ ¬¿¬»³»²¬ ±º °®±ºº»® ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ½±³°´»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¾´»²¼ ·² ©·¬¸ «®®±«²¼·²¹ ½±³³»®½·¿´ ¿²¼ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ ´¿²¼ «»ò Ô¿²¼½¿°·²¹ · ¾»·²¹ °®±°±»¼ ±² ¬¸» ·¬» ¬¸¿¬ »¨½»»¼ ¦±²·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» ÝÊÑÜò Ì¸» ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² · »²·¬·ª» ¬± ¬¸» ½«´¬«®¿´ô ¸·¬±®·½¿´ ¿²¼ »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ½±²¼·¬·±² ·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ª·»©¸»¼ ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» Þ´«» Î·¼¹» Ð¿®µ©¿§ ©·´´ ¾» ³·²·³¿´ô ¿ ¬¸» º·²¿´ ¹®¿¼» ±º ¬¸» ·¬» ©·´´ ¾» ¾»´±© »¨·¬·²¹ »´»ª¿¬·±²ò Ì¸» »¨¬»®·±® ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ¸¿ ¾»»² ¼»·¹²»¼ ¬± ³·²·³·¦» ·³°¿½¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ò Ì¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¿®» °®±°±·²¹ «²¼»®¹®±«²¼ ¬±®³©¿¬»® ¼»¬»²¬·±² ¬± ³·¬·¹¿¬» ·³°¿½¬ ¬± Þ¿½µ Ý®»»µò Ú«®¬¸»®³±®»ô ¬¸» °»¬·¬·±²»® ¸¿ ¾»»² ©±®µ·²¹ ©·¬¸ É¿´óÓ¿®¬ ¬± ½±±®¼·²¿¬» ª»¸·½«´¿® ¿²¼ °»¼»¬®·¿² ³±ª»³»²¬ ¿³±²¹ ²»¿®¾§ ¿²¼ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ·¬»ò Ì¸» ¬®¿²°±®¬¿¬·±² ²»¬©±®µ ²»¿® ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·¬» ¸¿ ¾»»² ·³°®±ª»¼ ¬± «°°±®¬ ¬¸» °®±°±»¼ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ·² ¬¸» Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ ¿®»¿ò Ô¿¬´§ô «¬·´·¬§ »®ª·½» ¸¿ª» ¾»»² »¨°¿²¼»¼ ¿´±²¹ ËòÍò Ì¸» °®±°±»¼ ®»¦±²·²¹ ¿°°´·½¿¬·±² · ·² ¹»²»®¿´ ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¹«·¼»´·²» »¬ º±®¬¸ ·² ¬¸» Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ý±³°®»¸»²·ª» Ð´¿²ò ÝßÍÛ ÒËÓÞÛÎæ íóíñîðïð ÐÎÛÐßÎÛÜ ÞÇæ Ô·²¼¿§ Þ´¿²µ»²¸·° ØÛßÎ×ÒÙ ÜßÌÛÍæ ÐÝæ ïîñêñïð ÞÑÍæ ïîñïìñïð ßÌÌßÝØÓÛÒÌÍæ Î»¦±²·²¹ ß°°´·½¿¬·±² Ó¿¬»®·¿´ Æ±²·²¹ Ó¿° Ú«¬«®» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ó¿° ß»®·¿´ Ð¸±¬±¹®¿°¸ 11 ÊÜÑÌ Ô»¬¬»®ô ¼¿¬»¼ ß°®·´ çô îðïð ¿²¼ Ò±ª»³¾»® ìô îðïðë ßÎô ß¹®·½«´¬«®¿´ Î»·¼»²¬·¿´ Æ±²·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ Î»¹«´¿¬·±² Ýóîô Ù»²»®¿´ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Æ±²·²¹ Ü·¬®·½¬ Î»¹«´¿¬·±² ÝÊÑÜô Ý´»¿®¾®±±µ Ý±³³»®½·¿´ Ê·´´¿¹» Ñª»®´¿§ Ü·¬®·½¬ Î»¹«´¿¬·±² ÝÊÑÜ Ü»·¹² Ù«·¼»´·²» 12 ßÓßÒÜß ÔÒ Í·¬» Æ±²·²¹ ÝÊÑÜ ßÙï ßÎ ßÊ Ýî q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ×È ÔÔÝ ú Ú·²½¿¬´» Û¯«·°³»²¬ Ý±³°¿²§ ÔÝ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ ßÎ Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÝ ÝÊÑÜ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðèèòðìóðïóìîô èèòðìóðïóìíô èèòðìóðïóíí Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ ß®»¿æ çòðçê ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù îî Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð Í·¬» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ì®¿²·¬·±² Ý±®» q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ×È ÔÔÝ ú Ú·²½¿¬´» Û¯«·°³»²¬ Ý±³°¿²§ ÔÝ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ ßÎ Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÝ ÝÊÑÜ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðèèòðìóðïóìîô èèòðìóðïóìíô èèòðìóðïóíí Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ ß®»¿æ çòðçê ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù îî Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ì·³¾»®¾®±±µ Ð®±°»®¬·» ×È ÔÔÝ ú Ú·²½¿¬´» Û¯«·°³»²¬ Ý±³°¿²§ ÔÝ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ ßÎ Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÝ ÝÊÑÜ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðèèòðìóðïóìîô èèòðìóðïóìíô èèòðìóðïóíí Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ý¿ª» Í°®·²¹ ß®»¿æ çòðçê ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù îî Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª óíìòó óíìóïòóÐ«®°±»ò øß÷ ?< < <?? ? < ?? ? < < <<¨¬§¥©ó®?¨óîéó¥©><<®ª¬§¥¥ó?<?ªóîéó¥¥><<®ª¬¬®¦ó¨?? ìóîîóðè÷ óíìóîòó < øß÷ < ? ??< ïò îò ? ? íò Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª ìò ëò øÞ÷ «®ó¥< ¿¬»®· ?? ?< ïò îò ? íò ? ìò ëò <<ª¬§¥«ó¬®??ªóîéó¥«><<¦¬ª¥«ó¦?¬?¦óîìó¥«><<ª¬¨¥ªó¬?§?ªó îêó¥ª><<¨¬§¥©ó®?¨óîéó¥©><<®ª¬§¥¥ó?¬?ªóîéó¥¥><<®§¬¨®©ó§? ?§óîêó®©><<®ª¬¬®¦ó¨??ªóîîó®¦><<®©¬¨®¥ó¬¬??©óîêó®¥ Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª óíìóíòó ?? ? øß÷ ïò= ¿ò=ª«?©¨® ¾ò=®< îò= ¿ò=«®?®®® ¾ò=®< íò= ¿ò=¬©?®®® ¾ò=¥®< øÞ÷< ïò§¿®¼æ ¿ò =«®< ¾ò=< îò ¿ò =© ¾ò=©® ´·²»ò íò= ¿ò =¬© ¾ò=® ìò?< ëò©®? ³¿§©®¬®< øÝ÷< ïò=ª© øÜ÷< ïò=©< îò=«®< <<¨¬¬¥«ó¬?®?¨óîîóçí÷ Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª óëìòóÝó¬ óëìóïòóÐ«®°±»ò øß÷ < < ë< ó ¬< < ¼»< <<®ª¬¬®¦ó¨??ªóîîóðè÷ óëìóîòó < øß÷ ½±²¬¿·< ? ??< ïò ? Ó«´¬·ó Ì©±ó îò ? ? íò Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª ìò ? Þ«·² ? ? ëò Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª êò øÞ÷ «®ó¥< ?? ?< ïò îò» ? Ó·²·ó ?ó íò ? ìò Æ£ª£´£kªY¡£ªÃªÐÕÃªª <<¦¬ª¥«ó¦?¬?¦óîìó¥«><<®¬¬§¥¨óª??¬óîéó¥¨>®ª¬¬¥§óª??ªóîîó¥§> <<®ª¬§¥¥ó?¬?ªóîéó¥¥><<®¬¦®«ó©?¬?®óîèó®«><<®¬©®©ó§? ¬?®óîëó®©><<®ª¬¬®¦ó¨??ªóîîó®¦ óëìóíòó <??? ? øß÷®»³»²¬ò ïò> ¿ò=ª«?©¨®< ¾ò=®®< îò?= ¿ò=©?®®®ò ¾ò=§©< øÞ÷< ïò= ¿ò =«®?¬® < ¾ò=< îò íò= ¿ò =©< ¾ò=«< ìò?< øÝ÷< ïò= ¿ò =óó¬?ª©? < ? óó¬ ª©< < ¾ò=< øÜ÷< ïò=©®< îò=¥®< <<¨¬¬¥«ó¬?®?¨óîîóçí÷ ROANOKE COUNTY ZONING ORDINANCE EXCERPTS RE: CVOD CLEARBROOK VILLAGE OVERLAY DISTRICT SEC. 30-58. CVOD CLEARBROOK VILLAGE OVERLAY DISTRICT Sec. 30-58-1. Purpose. The purpose of the Clearbrook village overlay district is to promote future development that is consistent with the current character of Clearbrook, and with the comprehensive plan future land use map and policies for this area. Future development in this district should respect the character and historical context of the Blue Ridge Parkway, Clearbrook School, and other social and cultural resources in Clearbrook area. The Clearbrook area has adequate public facilities, good road access, suitable topography, and land available for development or redevelopment. Recognizing these factors, the plan, and this district promote the creation of the Village of Clearbrook. Commercial development consistent with these district standards and the community plan design guidelines for the Clearbrook village commercial overlay district is encouraged, but strip commercial patterns of development are discouraged. Thus, the district allows a wide variety of commercial uses, but provides a high degree of emphasis on landscaping, building design, site design, and lighting and signage control. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00; Ord. No. 042208-16, § 1, 4-22-08) Sec. 30-58-2. Creation of overlay. (A) The Clearbrook village overlay district is created as an amendment to the official zoning map of the county. All regulations and standards contained herein shall apply to all parcels and land within the designated overlay district. (B) The boundaries of the overlay district as shown on the official zoning map may only be amended by action of the county board of supervisors pursuant to section 30-14 of this ordinance. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00) Sec. 30-58-3. Applicability and administration. (A) The zoning administrator shall have the responsibility for determining compliance with these standards. In making any such determination, the zoning administrator shall consider the purposes of the Clearbrook village overlay district, and shall consider the extent to which the requested use or development substantially complies with the design guidelines for the Clearbrook village commercial overlay district adopted as part of the county community plan. If in the opinion of the zoning administrator, the use or development does not substantially comply with these design guidelines, the requested use or development shall, by decision of the zoning administrator, be considered a special use and shall require a special use permit pursuant to section 30-19 of this ordinance. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00) Sec. 30-58-4. Permitted uses and use restrictions. The uses permitted in the Clearbrook village overlay district shall be governed by the underlying zoning district in which the property is located as shown on the official zoning maps, except as otherwise modified below: (A) The following uses shall be prohibited within the Clearbrook village overlay district: 1.Civic Uses Park and Ride Facility Public Assembly 2.Commercial Uses Automobile Rental/Leasing Automobile Dealership, Used Automobile Repair Services, Major Boarding Houses Commercial Outdoor Entertainment Commercial Outdoor Sports and Recreation Kennel, Commercial Mini-warehouse Pawn Shop Recreational Vehicle Sales and Service 3.Industrial Uses Recycling Centers and Stations 4.Miscellaneous Uses Parking Facility Broadcasting Towers (B) Unless prohibited in 30-58-4(A) a special use permit shall be required for all uses listed as a special use in the underlying zoning district. In addition, the following uses shall require a special use permit within the Clearbrook village overlay district. An asterisk (*) indicates additional, modified, or more stringent standards as listed in article IV, use and design standards, for those specific uses. 1.Residential Uses Multi-Family Dwelling* Two-Family Dwelling* 2.Commercial Uses Agricultural Services* Automobile Repair Services Minor* Commercial Indoor Sports and Recreation Communication Services Construction Sales and Services* Fuel Center* Garden Center* Retail Sales* Veterinary Hospital/Clinic (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00; Ord. No. 042208-16, § 1, 4-22-08) Sec. 30-58-5. Site development regulations. The site development regulations required in the Clearbrook village overlay district shall be governed by the underlying zoning district in which the property is located as shown on the official zoning maps, except as otherwise modified below: (A)Maximum height of structures. 1. Height limitations: a. Principal structures: 35 feet b. Accessory structures: actual height of principal structure. (B)Maximum coverage. 1. Building coverage: 50 percent of the total lot area. 2. Lot coverage: 70 percent of the total lot area. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00) Sec. 30-58-6. Special Regulations in the Clearbrook Village Overlay District. The following special regulations shall apply within the Clearbrook village overlay district (A)Landscaping. Required landscaping within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with the standards contained in section 30-92-4.1 of this ordinance. (B)Signage. Signage within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with C-1 sign district regulations, except as modified by section 30-93-14(F) of this ordinance. (C)Lighting. Lighting within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with the provisions of section 30-94 of this ordinance. (D)Utilities. All new utility lines and services within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall be located underground. (E)Residential use types. Residential use types within the Clearbrook village overlay district upon the date of the adoption of this ordinance shall not be deemed to be nonconformities, and may be reconstructed, altered and/or enlarged consistent with the requirements contained in section 30-58-5 of this ordinance. In addition, single family detached dwellings may be developed in the district on lots of record in existence on the effective date of this ordinance. Any dwelling constructed shall not be deemed to be a nonconformity. No new subdivisions for residential purposes shall be allowed within the Clearbrook village overlay district, except that family exemption subdivisions shall be permitted pursuant to section 30-100-11 of this ordinance. (F)Parking. All off-street parking, stacking and loading areas within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with the provisions of 30-91 of this ordinance, including construction standard provisions found in section 30-91- 6(A)1. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 1, 12-19-00) SEC. 30-85. COMMERCIAL USES. Sec. 30-85-24.5. Retail Sales. (A) In the Clearbrook village overlay district: 1. A special use permit shall be required for any retail use or development that exceeds fifty thousand (50,000) square feet of gross floor area. When multiple buildings are proposed as part of a planned or phased development, square footage calculations shall be based upon the total size of all buildings planned or proposed. (Ord. No. 121900, § 3, 12-19-00) SEC. 30-91. OFF STREET PARKING, STACKING AND LOADING. Sec. 30-91-6. Construction Standards. (A) All off-street parking and stacking areas with fifteen (15) or more parking spaces, including aisles, stacking spaces and driveways, except for those required for single family and two family dwellings, shall be constructed and maintained with a Category I surface in accordance with the standards contained in Section 207.01 of the Public Street and Parking Design Standards and Specifications. 1. Within the Clearbrook village overlay district, any parking areas or parking spaces provided in excess of the requirements of this ordinance, shall be constructed with a porous pavement material approved by the administrator. Gravel shall not be accepted as an approved porous material. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 4, 12-19-00; Ord. No. 042208-16, § 1, 4-22-08) SEC. 30-92. SCREENING, LANDSCAPING, AND BUFFER YARDS.* Sec. 30-92-4.1. Landscaping provisions in the Clearbrook village overlay district. (A)Applicability. 1. The following landscaping provisions shall apply to all property within the Clearbrook village overlay district. 2. These standards shall be deemed to supplement, and be in addition to, standards found in section 30-92 of this ordinance. (B)General standards/specifications. 1. All landscape plans required for uses within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall be prepared by a registered landscape architect, or certified nurseryman. 2. All landscaping shall be alive and in good condition at the time of planting. All landscaping shall be maintained, and replaced, as necessary to insure continued compliance with these provisions. 3. Where specified, all deciduous trees shall have a minimum caliper of two and one-half (2.5) inches at the time of planting. Evergreen trees shall have a minimum height of eight (8) feet at time of planting. 4. Where specified, all shrubs shall have a minimum height of twenty-four (24) inches at time of planting. 5. Native species shall be used for a minimum of fifty (50) percent of required plantings. A listing of acceptable native species is available in the department of community development. (C)Site landscaping. 1. Landscaped areas shall be provided for the side and rear walls of all buildings. The width of these landscaped areas shall be sufficient to accommodate the required plantings. The following plantings shall be required: a. For buildings walls in excess of fifteen (15) feet in height, one (1) tree shall be planted for every twenty (20) lineal feet of building wall. b. For building walls 15 feet or less in height, one tree shall be planted for every 30 lineal feet of building wall. Flexibility in the location of landscaped areas and the placement of the required trees shall be allowed for the purpose of implementing professionally designed landscape plans and for loading, service, or other similar areas. 2. Landscaping shall be provided along the main entrance facade of all buildings, providing a vegetative area between the building and parking areas. The size of the required front landscaped area shall not be less than twenty (20) percent of the square footage of the front facade of the building. The landscaped area shall be professionally designed and planted with a mixture of trees, shrubs and groundcovers. Undeveloped areas between a building and a public or private right-of-way shall be landscaped with berms, trees, shrubs and groundcover. Landscaping plans for these areas shall incorporate a minimum of one large tree, three small trees and seven shrubs for every thirty (30) feet of lot frontage. 3. All above ground stormwater management areas and facilities shall be landscaped with plant materials that are adaptable to being temporarily inundated with water. The facility shall be landscaped in order to create a seventy-five (75) percent screening of the facility. A minimum of one-third of all provided plantings shall be evergreen. 4. Landscaping shall be provided around the base of any freestanding sign proposed. The size of the landscaped area shall not be less than one and one-half (1.5) times the square footage of the sign. (D)Landscaping of parking areas. 1. Where a new, expanded, or reconfigured parking area is proposed adjacent to a public or private street right-of-way, a planting strip shall be established between the parking area and the adjacent right-of-way. The planting strip shall have a minimum width of fifteen (15) feet. An earthen berm, with an average height of two (2) feet shall be constructed within the planting strip. Within this strip, one (1) large tree, (small if overhead utility lines are present) and nineteen (19) shrubs shall be planted for every thirty (30) feet of frontage. In addition, small trees or groundcovers shall be interspersed within the planting area. One- third ( 1/3) of all plantings shall be evergreen materials. No uses shall be permitted within the planting strip except underground utility crossings, pedestrian/bike trails, stormwater management facilities which are an integral part of a landscaping plan, and signs as allowed in the district. 2. All parking areas shall incorporate raised interior landscaped areas for the purpose of visually enhancing parking areas. These areas shall be evenly distributed within the parking area and shall be provided in accordance with the following standards: a. One continuous landscaped median, with a minimum width of ten (10) feet, shall be installed between every four or less rows of parking, or, b. One landscaped peninsula or island with a minimum width of ten (10) feet shall be located between every ten (10) to fifteen (15) parking spaces. One large tree shall be planted for every thirty (30) feet of continuous median, and shall be planted within every landscaped peninsula or island provided. However, at a minimum, one large tree shall be planted within the parking area for each ten (10) parking spaces provided. In addition, all parking lot landscaped areas shall include deciduous or evergreen shrubs. (Ord. No. 121900-11, § 5, 12-19-00) SEC. 30-93. Signs Sec. 30-93-14. Special Signage Districts and Regulations. (F)Clearbrook village overlay district. Signage within the Clearbrook village overlay district should be planned, designed and installed to complement a buildings architectural style. All signage within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with C-1 office district regulations with the following exceptions: 1. Lots within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall be allowed a maximum signage allocation not to exceed one (1) square foot of sign area per one (1) lineal foot of lot frontage. 2. Signage placed on a building wall shall occupy less than five (5) percent of the facade of that wall. 3. All freestanding signs shall be of a monument design and shall meet the following criteria: a. Monument signs, including their structure, shall not exceed seven (7) feet in height, or ten (10) feet in width. b. Signs shall be channel lit, ground lit, or top lit with a shielded light source so as not cast light onto the path of traffic or on any adjacent road or property. 4. No establishment shall be allowed more than three (3) signs. 5. A maximum of two (2) directional signs shall be allowed per lot, and no directional sign shall exceed two (2) square feet in size. 6. The following signs shall be prohibited in the Clearbrook village overlay district: a. Off-premises signs. b. Temporary signs. c. Portable signs. d. Roof signs. (Ord. No. 42694-12, § 25, 4-26-94; Ord. No. 72595-9, § 1, 7-25-95; Ord. No. 042799-11, § 1d., 4-27-99; Ord. No. 092303-8, § 1, 9-23-03) SEC. 30-94. EXTERIOR LIGHTING (A) The following exterior lighting standards shall apply to all uses and developments requiring a site development plan pursuant to Section 30-90 of this ordinance. 1. All exterior lighting fixtures shall be designed, located and arranged so as not to direct glare on adjoining streets or residential properties. The intensity at adjoining streets or residential properties shall not exceed 0.5 foot candles. 2. Within the Clearbrook village overlay district, no freestanding light pole, including fixture, shall be more than eighteen (18) feet above grade. All exterior lights, including security lighting, within the district shall be down-lit or shielded so as not to direct glare onto adjoining streets or residential properties. The intensity at adjoining streets or residential properties shall not exceed 0.5 foot candles. From ordinance #052609-22 revisions: SEC. 30-58. CVOD CLEARBROOK VILLAGE OVERLAY DISTRICT Sec. 30-58-6. Special Regulations in the Clearbrook Village Overlay District. The following special regulations shall apply within the Clearbrook village overlay district: (F)Parking.All off-street parking, stacking and loading areas within the Clearbrook village overlay district shall comply with the provisions of 30-91 of this ordinance. Sec. 30-91-. 6. 4.3Parking Area Surface Standards. 1. Within the Clearbrook village overlay district, any parking areas or parking spaces provided in excess of the minimumrequirements of this ordinance, shall be constructed with a permeable or pervious pavement material in accordance with the Roanoke County Stormwater Management Design Manual. Gravel shall not be accepted as an approvedpermeable or pervious surface. AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2010 ORDINANCE REZONING 9.096 ACRES FROM AR, AGRICULTURAL RESIDENTIAL, DISTRICT TO C-2C/CVOD, GENERAL COMMERCIAL/ CLEARBROOK VILLAGE OVERLAY, DISTRICT WITH CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO CONSTRUCT A GENERAL COMMERCIAL, RETAIL SALES AND RESTAURANT PROJECT, LOCATED ON THE NORTHEASTERN SIDE OF CLEARBROOK LANE AND ACROSS FROM THE INTERSECTION OF CLEARBROOK LANE AND CLEARBROOK VILLAGE LANE, CAVE SPRING MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT WHEREAS, the first reading of this ordinance was held on November 16, 2010, and the second reading and public hearing were held December 14, 2010; and, WHEREAS, the Roanoke County Planning Commission held a public hearing on this matter on December 6, 2010; and WHEREAS, legal notice and advertisement has been provided as required by law. BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That the zoning classification of a certain tract of real estate containing approximately 9.096 acres, as described herein, and located on the northeastern side of Clearbrook Lane and across from the intersection of Clearbrook Lane and Clearbrook Village Lane (Tax Map Numbers 88.04-1-42, 88.04-1-43, 88.04-1-33) in the Cave Spring Magisterial District, is hereby changed from the zoning classification of AR, Agricultural Residential, District to C-2C/CVOD, General Commercial/Clearbrook Village Overlay, District with conditions. 2. That this action is taken upon the application of Timberbrook Properties IX, LLC and Fincastle Equipment Company, LC. Page 1 of 5 3. That the owner of the property has voluntarily proffered in writing the following amended conditions which the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, hereby accepts: (1) The primary access to the site (at the intersection of Clearbrook Lane and Clearbrook Village Lane) shall be designed so as to incorporate a sidewalk, pedestrian scale design features and landscaping in order to serve as a community focal point. A 15’ planting area shall be installed along Clearbrook Lane and planted with native plants from the list provided in Appendix D of the Roanoke County Design Guidelines for the Clearbrook Village Commercial Overlay District and including shade trees, shrubs and flowering ornamental trees. (2) Subject to such modifications as pedestrian safety requires, pedestrian paths shall connect all buildings on the property. (3) All buildings shall be designed to be compatible with one another. All facades of buildings shall be of similar design, compatible materials and similar detailing. Exterior building colors shall be brown, beige, tan and/or white so as to complement the exterior color scheme for the retail development situate on Tax Parcel # 88.03-01-09.00 (i.e. Wal-Mart). (4) Plazas, hardscape, landscaped areas and site amenities shall also be compatible to the established building character and may include outdoor seating areas, varied paving materials to add contrast and texture, and decorative containers with seasonal landscape. (5) Roofline treatment shall be of compatible design on all buildings. No flat roofs visible from U.S. 220 shall be permitted on any building on the property. Rooftop mechanical units shall be shielded from view from U.S. 220 and Clearbrook Village Lane. (6) Required screening of service and trash areas shall be with finish materials matching the exterior finish material of the building for which it serves. (7) Acceptable building finishes include: a. brick b. wood, vinyl or composite wood substitute lap siding and trim c. stucco or exterior insulated finish system (EIFS) Page 2 of 5 d. stone face colored concrete block e. stone or cast stone f. standing seam metal, copper, composite slate tile or asphalt shingle roof (8) The following building finishes are prohibited: a. Unpainted or bare metal panels b. Bare exposed concrete that is not exposed aggregate, hammered, sand blasted or covered with a cement based acrylic coating c. Unfinished wood other than cedar, mahogany, teak or redwood (9) Site Lighting: a. All lighting shall be shielded “cut off” types to internalize illumination and avoid spillover to adjacent residential properties. b. Sidewalks shall be illuminated with decorative pedestrian-scaled pole or building mounted luminaries. c. Plazas shall be illuminated similar to sidewalks but may include additional feature lighting for attractions and outdoor dining. d. Landscape lighting shall be employed to enhance site entrance and feature areas. e. No exposed fluorescent lighting shall be permitted. (10) Site Signage: a. The main freestanding tenant identification sign shall be near the intersection of Clearbrook Lane and Clearbrook Village Lane and shall be monument style utilizing materials approved as acceptable building materials and shall not have more than two sides. b. Signage color palette will be compatible with above named exterior building colors and shall complement the buildings’ architectural style. (11) A Type D, Option 2 buffer shall be installed along the eastern boundary line of the property, as it adjoins Tax Parcels #88.04-1-31 and #88.04-1-32. The width of any other required buffer yard shall be increased by 10%. All existing vegetation within a required buffer yard Page 3 of 5 shall be preserved to the greatest extent possible. Existing vegetation within a required buffer yard shall be a substitute for otherwise required screening if it complies with the standards of the required buffer yard. 4. That said real estate is more fully described as follows: A 9.096 Acre Parcel, situated along Clearbrook Lane, Cave Spring Magisterial District, comprised of Roanoke County Tax Parcels #88.04-1-33, #88.04-1-43 and #88.04-1-42. BEGINNING at Corner #1 an iron pin set, said point located on the southerly boundary of Tract C, (D.B. 1017, Pg. 373) property of Marvin J. Dodson, et ux, (D.B.1017, PG. 371) said point also being the northwesterly corner of Edward M. Jenkins, et ux, property (D.B. 1222, PG. 220) said corner also being the northeast corner of Roanoke County Tax #88.04-1-33; thence leaving Dodson and with Jenkins, S 04° 20’ 37” E, passing an iron pin found at 149.89 feet being the northwesterly corner of property of Byron G. Jefferson, (D.B. 1513, PG. 1163) in all 734.65 feet to Corner #2 an iron pin found, said point being the northeasterly corner of property of Charles C. Burdette, Jr., et ux, (D.B. 482, PG. 477) and also said point being located on the westerly boundary of property of Byron G. Jefferson, (D.B. 1513, PG. 1163); thence leaving Jefferson and with Burdette for the following two courses, S 88° 43’ 04” W, 293.34 feet to Corner #3 an iron pin found, said point being the southeasterly corner of Roanoke County Tax #88.04-1-43; thence S 08° 10’ 41” W, passing a iron pin found at 209.24 feet in all 218.11 feet to Corner #4 an iron pin set, said point located on the easterly right-of-way of Virginia Secondary Route #624 (Clearbrook Lane); thence leaving Burdette and with Clearbrook Lane for the following five courses, N 33° 36’ 19” W, 108.19 feet to Corner #5; thence N 45° 38’ 19” W, passing the northwesterly corner of Roanoke County Tax #88.04-1- 43 at 95.73 feet being corner #5A; thence leaving Tax #88.04-1-43 and with Roanoke County Tax #88.04-1-42 in all 102.67 feet to Corner #6; thence N 53° 58’ 19” W, 102.72 feet to Corner #7; thence N 66° 21’ 19” W, 96.64 feet to Corner #8; thence S 76° 42’ 26” W, 46.95 feet to Corner #9 an iron pin set, said point located on the southerly side of a 25 foot private right-of-way being Sunset Drive; thence leaving Clearbrook Lane and with the northerly boundary of Tax #88.04-1-42 and the southerly right-of-way of Sunset Drive, N 60° 48’ 43” E, passing the northeasterly corner of Tax #88.04-1-42 at 276.17 feet being Corner #9A and with Roanoke County Tax #88.04-1-33 in all 400.65 feet to Corner #10, said point located on the southerly boundary of property of Kimberly A. Parenti, (D.B. 1384, PG. 1373) being Lot C (P.B. 14, PG. 83); thence continuing with Lot C for the following two courses, N 38° 14’ 17” E, 73.07 feet to Corner #11 an iron pin found; thence N 08° 52’ 36” E, passing a 3 inch Maple at 216.69 feet on line, in all 255.07 feet to Corner #12 an iron pin found, said point located on the southerly boundary of property of James Melvin Dodson, et ux, (D.B. 1007, PG. 300) being Tract B (D.B. 1007, PG. 302); thence leaving property of Kimberly A. Parenti and with Dodson, N 86° 42’ 17” Page 4 of 5 E, passing the southeasterly corner of Tract B at 268.89 feet in all 369.36 feet to Corner #1 the place of BEGINNING and containing 9.096 Acres as more particularly shown on plat prepared by Lumsden Associates, P.C. dated December 10, 2003 and recorded in the Clerks Office of the Circuit Court in Plat Book 27, Page 68. 5. That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty (30) days after its final passage. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance be, and the same hereby are, repealed. The Zoning Administrator is directed to amend the zoning district map to reflect the change in zoning classification authorized by this ordinance. Page 5 of 5 R-2 PETITIONER: Kingery Brothers Associates CASE NUMBER: 7-12/2010 st Board of Supervisors Consent 1 Reading Date: November 16, 2010 Planning Commission Hearing Date: December 6, 2010 nd Board of Supervisors Hearing & 2 Reading Date: December 14, 2010 A. REQUEST Petition of Kingery Brothers Associates proposes to obtain a special use permit in order to operate a construction yard on a 3.81 acre parcel zoned Agricultural/Village Center District (AV) located in the 6000 block of Franklin Road, Cave Spring Magisterial District. B. CITIZEN COMMENTS No citizens spoke on this petition. C. SUMMARY OF COMMISSION DISCUSSION After staff presented the petition and Mr. Randy Kingery spoke, there was some discussion on screening of the property. After elaborating that due to the like zoning between the subject parcel with the neighboring ones, the zoning ordinance provides for no significant screening or buffering, Mr. Peters inquired about whether additional screening was necessary. Staff responded that although the degree of screening is not specified, some is required due to the use. D. CONDITIONS 1. The special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall expire on January 14, 2014. If the property is transferred out of the ownership of Kingery Brothers Associates prior to the expiration of the special use permit on January 14, 2014, the special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall be void. 2. No junk or debris as defined by County Code shall be permitted to be stored on site. 3. One row of large evergreen trees shall be planted along the western property line as shown on the concept plan to provide additional screening between the construction yard and neighboring residential areas. 4. There shall be no signage permitted for the construction yard. 5. No additional lighting shall be erected or installed for the construction yard. 6. Hours of operation for the construction yard shall be limited to 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday. E. COMMISSION ACTION Mr. McNeil made a motion to approve the Special Use Permit with six conditions. The motion passed 5-0. R-2 F. DISSENTING PERSPECTIVE None. G. ATTACHMENTS: X Concept Plan X Vicinity Map X Staff Report X Other Philip Thompson, Secretary Roanoke County Planning Commission AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2010 ORDINANCE GRANTING A SPECIAL USE PERMIT FOR OPERATION OF A CONSTRUCTION YARD ON A 3.81 ACRE PARCEL OF REAL ESTATE ZONED AGRICULTURAL/VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT (AV) LOCATED IN THE 6000 BLOCK OF FRANKLIN ROAD (TAX MAP NO. 98.04-02-27.01) CAVE SPRING MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT, UPON THE PETITION OF KINGERY BROTHERS ASSOCIATES WHEREAS, Kingery Brothers Associates has filed a petition for a special use permit to operate a construction yard on a 3.81 acre parcel zoned Agricultural/Village Center District (AV) located in the 6000 block of Franklin Road (Tax Map No. 98.04-02- 27.01) in the Cave Spring Magisterial District; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on this matter on December 6, 2010; and WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, held a first reading on this matter on November 16, 2010; the second reading and public hearing on this matter was held on December 14, 2010. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That the Board finds that the granting of a special use permit to Kingery Brothers Associates to operate a construction yard on a 3.81 acre parcel zoned Agricultural/Village Center District (AV) located in the 6000 block of Franklin Road in the Cave Spring Magisterial District is substantially in accord with the adopted 2005 Community Plan, as amended, pursuant to the provisions of Section 15.2-2232 of the 1950 Code of Virginia, as amended, and that it shall have a minimum adverse impact Page 1 of 2 on the surrounding neighborhood or community, and said special use permit is hereby approved with the following conditions: a) The special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall expire on January 14, 2014. If the property is transferred out of the ownership of Kingery Brothers Associates prior to the expiration of the special use permit on January 14, 2014, the special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall be void. b) No junk or debris as defined by County Code shall be permitted to be stored on site. c) One row of large evergreen trees shall be planted along the western property line as shown on the concept plan to provide additional screening between the construction yard and neighboring residential areas. d) There shall be no signage permitted for the construction yard. e) No additional lighting shall be erected or installed for the construction yard. f) Hours of operation for the construction yard shall be limited to 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday. 2. That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty (30) days after its final passage. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance be, and the same hereby are, repealed. The Zoning Administrator is directed to amend the zoning district map to reflect the change in zoning classification authorized by this ordinance. Page 2 of 2 R-3 PETITIONER: Fellowship Community Church (Ken Nienke) CASE NUMBER: 08-12/2010 st Board of Supervisors Consent 1 Reading Date: November 16, 2010 Planning Commission Hearing Date: December 6, 2010 nd Board of Supervisors Hearing & 2 Reading Date: December 14, 2010 A. REQUEST Fellowship Community Church is requesting a Special Use Permit for the establishment of a Religious Assembly in C-2, within an existing 8,900 square foot building located in the North Market Village Shopping Center at 7210 Williamson Road, Hollins Magisterial District. B. CITIZEN COMMENTS The owner of the adjacent property, Alejandro’s Mexican Grill, spoke in favor of the petition. C. SUMMARY OF COMMISSION DISCUSSION Mr. Jarell asked if a time limit of 5 years should be added to the petition. Mr. Thompson replied that was not necessary. Mr. Radford asked Ms. Pattisall to repeat the definition of Core Future Land Use. Ms. Hooker stated that the petitioners have been searching for appropriate property for a very long time and that although this site is not perfect it will be able to meet the Church’s needs until they can find a permanent North Roanoke County location. D. CONDITIONS 1. The religious assembly use shall not exceed 8,900 square feet. E. COMMISSION ACTION Mr. Jarrell made a motion to approve the Special Use Permit with one condition. The motion passed 5-0. F. DISSENTING PERSPECTIVE None. G. ATTACHMENTS: XConcept Plan XVicinity Map XStaff Report XOther Philip Thompson, Secretary Roanoke County Planning Commission éèûööê÷ìíêè ì×ÈÓÈÓÍÎ×Ê ö×ÐÐÍÅÉÔÓÌùÍÏÏÇÎÓÈÃùÔÇÊÙÔ ê×ËÇ×ÉÈéÌ×ÙÓÛÐçÉ×ì×ÊÏÓÈÖÍÊê×ÐÓÕÓÍÇÉûÉÉ×ÏÚÐÃ ðÍÙÛÈÓÍÎ åÓÐÐÓÛÏÉÍÎêØîÍÊÈÔïÛÊÑ×ÈæÓÐÐÛÕ×éÔÍÌÌÓÎÕù×ÎÈ×Ê ïÛÕÓÉÈ×ÊÓÛÐøÓÉÈÊÓÙÈôÍÐÐÓÎÉ éÇÕÕ×ÉÈ×ØèÔ×Ê×ÐÓÕÓÍÇÉÛÉÉ×ÏÚÐÃÇÉ×ÉÔÛÐÐÎÍÈ×ÄÙ××Ø ÉËÇÛÊ×Ö××È ùÍÎØÓÈÓÍÎÉ ÷ä÷ùçèóæ÷éçïïûêã Fellowship Community Churchis requesting a Special Use Permit for the establishment of a Religious Assembly in an existing 8,900square foot building located within the North Market Village Shopping Center at 7210 Williamson Road, Hollins MagisterialDistrict. According to the 2005 Roanoke County Comprehensive Plan, the Future Land Use Designation of the property is Core. These areas encourage high intensity urban development. Due to limited availability, areas designated as Core are not appropriate for tax-exempt facilities. While impacts on adjacent uses are expected to be very minimal, the loss of commercial business space is a concern. ûììðóùûúð÷ê÷õçðûèóíîé Religious Assembly is allowed by Special Use Permit in the C-2 zoning district. Building plan review is required for proposed interior alterations. ûîûðãéóéíö÷äóéèóîõùíîøóèóíîé Background–Based upon the Roanoke County Real Estate records, theNorth Market Village one-story commercial structure was built in 1982. The petitioner intends to utilizeone 8,900 squarefootbuilding for the proposed use. Thisbuildingis currently vacant, but was previously utilized as a retail store. North Market Village consists of a mix of commercial uses such as retail, restaurants, and personal services and has 235 parking spaces. Fellowship Community Church has one established location in Salem, VA.There congregation has grown and they currently have 38 families in the Hollins area. The church plans to lease the North Market Village space for 3-4 years until they can build a second North Roanoke County/Botetourt County location for their congregation. The central location makes North Market Village an appealing site for this temporary assembly space. Signage has not yet reached themaximum for this site. Surrounding Neighborhood-The subject property and all properties within the surrounding area are zoned C-2. There is a mixture of uses adjacent to the subject property including retail establishments, restaurants, andgeneral offices. There is one vacant parcel located behind North Market Village, which is also zoned C-2. 1 ûîûðãéóéíöìêíìíé÷øø÷æ÷ðíìï÷îè Site Layout/Architecture–The applicant plans to lease a vacant 8,900 squarefootspace in the North Market Village shopping center between the Goodwill retail store and Alejandro’s restaurant for use as a worship facility.The petitioner has indicated that the proposed sanctuary/worship area will accommodate a maximum of 330 seats. Interior renovations are proposed for a sanctuary, Sunday school classrooms, restrooms,and other support space. The petitioner intends to utilize the entire building. No exterior renovations are planned. North Market Village is a fully developed site and has235 parking spaces. Approximately 100 spaces will be utilized by the church during Sunday morning worship services.On Sunday morning there should be no parking conflict with the adjacent businesses because they will not be open. Other smaller meetings of 10- 100 people will occur at various times throughout the week and will also be able to use the existing parking. Access/Traffic Circulation–Access to the subject property would continue via the existing commercial entrances on Williamson Road and Peters Creek Roads.TheVirginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has determined that the addition of a religious assembly at this site will not adversely impact any VDOT rights of way. Fire & Rescue/Utilities–Fire and Rescue services would continue ascurrently provided. Per Todd Maxey, Division Chief for the Roanoke County Department of Fire and Rescue, commented that the current facility will need to undergo a change of use from the Building and Fire Code standpoint. This will require upgrades to thesprinkler system, doors, and fire alarm and a fire flow assessment may be needed. These changes will need to be submitted to and reviewed by the Building Safety Department before a change of use can be issued. Economic Development–The Roanoke County Department of Economic Development offers no objections to this Special Use Permit request. ùíîöíêïûîù÷åóèôêíûîíñ÷ùíçîèãùíïïçîóèãìðûî The 2005 Comprehensive Plan indicates that the Future Land Use Designation of the subject property is Core. The core areas encourage high intensity urban development. Core areas are central business districts that are appropriate for highway-oriented retail uses and regionally-based shopping facilities. Land uses that are encouraged include: retail shops, personal services, office and institutional uses, and limited industrial uses. Due to limited availability, areas designated as Core arenot appropriate for tax-exempt facilities. éèûööùíîùðçéóíîé There are no anticipated impacts of the proposed church on adjacent uses. The site is fully developed with adequate parking and access from both Peters Creek Road and Williamson Road. The traffic impacts generated by the proposed use should be minimal as church activities are planned for Sundays which will not conflict with the business hours of most adjacent uses.The loss of commercial business space is a concern as the proposed use is not in conformance with the Core future land use designation.However,this locationisintended as a temporary solution for a growingcongregation and at some point Fellowship Community Church plans to build a permanent church and vacate this leased space. 2 ùûé÷îçïú÷ê ìê÷ìûê÷øúãèÛÊÛìÛÈÈÓÉÛÐÐ ô÷ûêóîõøûè÷éìù úíé ûèèûùôï÷îèéûÌÌÐÓÙÛÈÓÍÎïÛÈ×ÊÓÛÐÉ û×ÊÓÛÐìÔÍÈÍÕÊÛÌÔ éÓÈ×óÎÉÌ×ÙÈÓÍÎìÔÍÈÍÕÊÛÌÔÉ âÍÎÓÎÕïÛÌ öÇÈÇÊ×ðÛÎØçÉ×ïÛÌ ù Ê×ÕÇÐÛÈÓÍÎÉ ê×ÐÓÕÓÍÇÉûÉÉ×ÏÚÐÃçÉ×ÛÎØ ø×ÉÓÕÎéÈÛÎØÛÊØÉ 3 Í·¬» q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ú»´´±©¸·° Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ý¸«®½¸ øÚÝÝ÷ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðîéòïìóðîóðìòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ìòðèè ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù ë Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð Í·¬» Æ±²·²¹ ßÙí ÛÐ ßÙï ßÎ ßÊ Ýï Ýî ÝîÝÊÑÜ ×ï ×î ÐÝÜ ÐÎÜ ÐÌÜ Îï Îî Îí Îì ÎÞ ÙÞ ÝÞ Óï Óî q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ú»´´±©¸·° Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ý¸«®½¸ øÚÝÝ÷ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðîéòïìóðîóðìòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ìòðèè ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù ë Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð Í·¬» Ô¿²¼ Ë» Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Î«®¿´ Ð®»»®ª» Î«®¿´ Ê·´´¿¹» Ê·´´¿¹» Ý»²¬»® Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ Ý±²»®ª¿¬·±² Ì®¿²·¬·±² Ý±®» Ð®·²½·°¿´ ×²¼«¬®·¿´ Í«¾«®¾¿² Ê·´´¿¹» ø²»© ½¿¬»¹±®§÷ Û½±²±³·½ Ñ°°±®¬«²·¬§ ø²»© ½¿¬»¹±®§÷ q ß°°´·½¿²¬ Ò¿³»æ Ú»´´±©¸·° Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ý¸«®½¸ øÚÝÝ÷ Û¨·¬·²¹ Æ±²·²¹æ Ýî Î±¿²±µ» Ý±«²¬§ Ð®±°±»¼ Æ±²·²¹æ ÝîÍ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ±º Ì¿¨ Ó¿° Ò«³¾»®æ ðîéòïìóðîóðìòððóðððð Ý±³³«²·¬§ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Ó¿¹·¬»®·¿´ Ü·¬®·½¬æ Ø±´´·² ß®»¿æ ìòðèè ß½®» Í½¿´»æ ïþ ã îððù ë Ñ½¬±¾»®ô îðïð SEC. 30-29.USE TYPES; GENERALLY. øß÷ Ì¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸» «» ¬§°» · ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ¿ ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² §¬»³ º±® ´¿²¼ «» ¿²¼ ¿ ½±²·¬»²¬ »¬ ±º ¬»®³ ¼»º·²·²¹ «» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ©·¬¸·² ª¿®·±« ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ò Ì¸» «» ¬§°» »½¬·±² ¿´± º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¬¸» °®±½» ±º ¼»¬»®³·²·²¹ ¬¸» ¿°°´·½¿¾´» «» ¬§°» ±º ¿²§ ¿½¬·ª·¬§ ²±¬ ½´»¿®´§ ©·¬¸·² ¿²§ ¼»º·²»¼ «» ¬§°»ò øÞ÷ ×² ¬¸» »ª»²¬ ±º ¿²§ ¯«»¬·±² ¿ ¬± ¬¸» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» «» ¬§°» ±º ¿²§ »¨·¬·²¹ ±® °®±°±»¼ «» ±® ¿½¬·ª·¬§ô ¬¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ¸¿´´ ¸¿ª» ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ ¬± ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» «» ¬§°»ò ×² ³¿µ·²¹ «½¸ ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ¸¿´´ ½±²·¼»® ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±²¿´ ¿²¼ °¸§·½¿´ ½¸¿®¿½¬»®·¬·½ ±º ¬¸» «» ·² ¯«»¬·±² ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ ½±²·¼»® ¬¸» ½´¿·º·½¿¬·±² ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ³±¬ ®»½»²¬ »¼·¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ò±®¬¸ ß³»®·½¿² ×²¼«¬®§ Ý´¿·º·½¿¬·±² Í§¬»³ øÒß×ÝÍ÷ °«¾´·¸»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ËòÍò Ñºº·½» ±º Ó¿²¿¹»³»²¬ ¿²¼ Þ«¼¹»¬ò ×² ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ¬¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ¸¿´´ ½±²·¼»® ¬¸» °»½·º·½ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» «» ·² ½±³³±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸±» ·²½´«¼»¼ ¿ »¨¿³°´» ±º «» ¬§°»ò Ì¸±» »¨¿³°´»ô ©¸»² ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² «» ¬§°» ¼»½®·°¬·±²ô ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ¾» ·´´«¬®¿¬·ª»ô ¿ ±°°±»¼ ¬± »¨½´«·ª» ´·¬ò Ì¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ³¿§ ¿´± ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸¿¬ ¿ °®±°±»¼ «» ±® ¿½¬·ª·¬§ · «ºº·½·»²¬´§ ¼·ºº»®»²¬ º®±³ ¿²§ «» ¬§°» ´·¬»¼ ¾»´±© ¿²¼ ©·´´ ®»¯«·®» ¿² ¿³»²¼³»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ¬»¨¬ ±º ¬¸· ±®¼·²¿²½»ò øÝ÷ Ì¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ¸¿´´ ³¿µ» «½¸ ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±² ±º ¿°°®±°®·¿¬» «» ¬§°» ·² ©®·¬·²¹ô ©¸·½¸ ¸¿´´ ·²½´«¼» ¿² »¨°´¿²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ®»¿±² º±® ¬¸» ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±²ò øÜ÷ ß ¼»¬»®³·²¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬±® ³¿§ ¾» ¿°°»¿´»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ¾±¿®¼ ±º ¦±²·²¹ ¿°°»¿´ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» °®±½»¼«®» º±® ¿¼³·²·¬®¿¬·ª» ¿°°»¿´ ±«¬´·²»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² íðóîìò Definitions: Î»´·¹·±« ¿»³¾´§æ ß «» ´±½¿¬»¼ ·² ¿ °»®³¿²»²¬ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ®»¹«´¿® ±®¹¿²·¦»¼ ®»´·¹·±« ©±®¸·° ¿²¼ ®»´¿¬»¼ ·²½·¼»²¬¿´ ¿½¬·ª·¬·»ô »¨½»°¬ °®·³¿®§ ±® »½±²¼¿®§ ½¸±±´ ¿²¼ ¼¿§ ½¿®» º¿½·´·¬·»ò ARTICLE IV.USE AND DESIGN STANDARDS SEC. 30-80.USE AND DESIGN STANDARDS. øß÷ Ì¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ½±²¬¿·²»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¼·¬®·½¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ·² ß®¬·½´» ××× ¸¿´´ ¿°°´§ ¬± ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ «» ¬§°»ô «²´» °»½·º·½¿´´§ ³±¼·º·»¼ ¿²¼ñ±® «°»®»¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» «» ¿²¼ ¼»·¹² ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¾»´±©ò øÞ÷ Ì¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ´·¬»¼ ¿ ¹»²»®¿´ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¿°°´§ ·² ¿´´ ¼·¬®·½¬ ·² ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» «» ¬§°» · °»®³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ®·¹¸¬ ±® °»®³·¬¬»¼ «¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¿ °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ô ¿ ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ ·² ß®¬·½´» ×××ô Ü·¬®·½¬ Î»¹«´¿¬·±²ò øÝ÷ É¸»®» ¿ °»½·º·½ ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ · ·²¼·½¿¬»¼ô ¬¸» ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ´·¬»¼ ¾»´±© ¸¿´´ ¿°°´§ ¬± ¬¸¿¬ ¦±²·²¹ ¼·¬®·½¬ô ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ¿²§ ¹»²»®¿´ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ´·¬»¼ º±® ¬¸¿¬ «»ò SEC. 30-83.CIVIC USES Sec. 30-83-9.Religious Assembly. øß÷ Ù»²»®¿´ ¬¿²¼¿®¼æ ïò ß²§ ±«¬¼±±® ¿½¬·ª·¬§ ¿®»¿ô ©·³³·²¹ °±±´ô ±® ¾¿´´ º·»´¼ ±® ½±«®¬ ©¸·½¸ ¿¼¶±·² ¿ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ¬§°» ¸¿´´ ¾» ´¿²¼½¿°»¼ ©·¬¸ ±²» ®±© ±º ³¿´´ »ª»®¹®»»² ¬®»» ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í»½¬·±² íðóçî ¿´±²¹ ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ¿¼¶±·²·²¹ ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ¬§°»ò É¸»®» ²·¹¸¬ó¬·³» ´·¹¸¬·²¹ ±º «½¸ ¿®»¿ · °®±°±»¼ ´¿®¹» »ª»®¹®»»² ¬®»» ¸¿´´ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ò îò É¸»² ¿ °´¿½» ±º ®»´·¹·±« ¿»³¾´§ ¿¼¶±·² ¿ ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ¬§°»ô ¿ Ì§°» Ý ¾«ºº»® §¿®¼ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í»½¬·±² íðóçî ¸¿´´ ¾» °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ø÷ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»·¼»²¬·¿´ «» ¬§°»ò øÞ÷ ×² ¬¸» ßÙóíô ßÙóï ¿²¼ ßÎ ¼·¬®·½¬ô ¬¸» ³¿¨·³«³ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ½±ª»®¿¹» ¸¿´´ ¾» ¬©»²¬§ øîð÷ °»®½»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³¿¨·³«³ ´±¬ ½±ª»®¿¹» º·º¬§ øëð÷ °»®½»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ¬±¬¿´ ´±¬ ¿®»¿ò øÝ÷ ×² ¬¸» ßÙóíô ßÙóïô ßÎô ¿²¼ Îóï ¼·¬®·½¬ ¿ °»½·¿´ «» °»®³·¬ ¸¿´´ ²±¬ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ¬¸» »¨°¿²·±² ±º ¿² »¨·¬·²¹ «» °®±ª·¼»¼ ¿´´ ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±² ¿®» ³»¬æ ¿ò Ì¸» ¬±¬¿´ ¹®± º´±±® ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» »¨°¿²·±² ·¬»´º ¼±» ²±¬ »¨½»»¼ ïëôððð ¯«¿®» º»»¬å ¿²¼ ¾ò Ì¸» ¹®± º´±±® ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» »¨°¿²·±² · ²±¬ ³±®» ¬¸¿² ¬©± ¸«²¼®»¼ øîðð÷ °»®½»²¬ ±º ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ ¹®± º´±±® ¿®»¿å ¿²¼ ½ò Ì¸» »¨°¿²·±² ¼±» ²±¬ ·²½´«¼» ¿ °®·²½·°¿´ ©±®¸·° ¿®»¿ »¨°¿²·±² ±º ³±®» ¬¸¿² º·º¬§ øëð÷ °»®½»²¬ ±º ¬¸» »¨·¬·²¹ °»®³¿²»²¬ »¿¬·²¹ò ß´´ ±¬¸»® »¨°¿²·±² ³«¬ ±¾¬¿·² ¿ Í°»½·¿´ Ë» Ð»®³·¬ò øÜ÷ ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¬¿²¼¿®¼ ·² ¬¸» Ýóî ¼·¬®·½¬æ ïò ß´´ ²»© Î»´·¹·±« ß»³¾´§ «» ®»¯«·®» ¿ Í°»½·¿´ Ë» Ð»®³·¬ò îò Û¨°¿²·±² ±º »¨·¬·²¹ «» ¿®» °»®³·¬¬»¼ ¾§ ®·¹¸¬ò øÑ®¼ò Ò±ò ìîêçìóïîô y ïçô ìóîêóçìå Ñ®¼ò Ò±ò ðìîéççóïïô y îô ìóîéóçç÷ AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2010 ORDINANCE GRANTING A SPECIAL USE PERMIT FOR OPERATION OF A CONSTRUCTION YARD ON A 3.81 ACRE PARCEL OF REAL ESTATE ZONED AGRICULTURAL/VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT (AV) LOCATED IN THE 6000 BLOCK OF FRANKLIN ROAD (TAX MAP NO. 98.04-02-27.01) CAVE SPRING MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT, UPON THE PETITION OF KINGERY BROTHERS ASSOCIATES WHEREAS, Kingery Brothers Associates has filed a petition for a special use permit to operate a construction yard on a 3.81 acre parcel zoned Agricultural/Village Center District (AV) located in the 6000 block of Franklin Road (Tax Map No. 98.04-02- 27.01) in the Cave Spring Magisterial District; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on this matter on December 6, 2010; and WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, held a first reading on this matter on November 16, 2010; the second reading and public hearing on this matter was held on December 14, 2010. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That the Board finds that the granting of a special use permit to Kingery Brothers Associates to operate a construction yard on a 3.81 acre parcel zoned Agricultural/Village Center District (AV) located in the 6000 block of Franklin Road in the Cave Spring Magisterial District is substantially in accord with the adopted 2005 Community Plan, as amended, pursuant to the provisions of Section 15.2-2232 of the 1950 Code of Virginia, as amended, and that it shall have a minimum adverse impact Page 1 of 2 on the surrounding neighborhood or community, and said special use permit is hereby approved with the following conditions: a) The special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall expire on January 14, 2014. If the property is transferred out of the ownership of Kingery Brothers Associates prior to the expiration of the special use permit on January 14, 2014, the special use permit for the use of a construction yard shall be void. b) No junk or debris as defined by County Code shall be permitted to be stored on site. c) One row of large evergreen trees shall be planted along the western property line as shown on the concept plan to provide additional screening between the construction yard and neighboring residential areas. d) There shall be no signage permitted for the construction yard. e) No additional lighting shall be erected or installed for the construction yard. f) Hours of operation for the construction yard shall be limited to 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday. 2. That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect thirty (30) days after its final passage. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance be, and the same hereby are, repealed. The Zoning Administrator is directed to amend the zoning district map to reflect the change in zoning classification authorized by this ordinance. Page 2 of 2