Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Home
My WebLink
About
9/24/2013 - Adopted Board Records
AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 RESOLUTION 092413-1.a EXPRESSING THE APPRECIATION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY TO SUSAN M. BANE, LEGAL ASSISTANT, UPON HER RETIREMENT AFTER MORE THAN THIRTY-SEVEN YEARS (37) YEARS OF SERVICE WHEREAS, Susan M. Bane was hired in January 1973, and has worked within the -Steno II, Clerk-Steno III, Legal Secretary and Legal Assistant during her tenure with Roanoke County; and WHEREAS, Ms. Bane retired on September 1, 2013, after thirty-seven (37) years and seven (7) months of devoted, faithful and expert service with the County; and WHEREAS, during her time serving Roanoke County, Ms. Bane served with three (3) County Attorneys; and thirty-two (32) members of the Board of Supervisors; and WHEREAS, she was one of three (3) County employees who were instrumental in examining and recommending the use of desktop personal computers for word processing and other office tasks; and WHEREAS, she received her Certified Professional Secretary certification in 1986; and in 1990 completed the Legal Assistant certificate program from Virginia Western Community College; and WHEREAS, she has served on the Roanoke County Employee Advisory Committee. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia expresses its deepest appreciation and the appreciation of the citizens of SUSAN M. BANE Roanoke County to for more than thirty-seven (37) years of capable, loyal and dedicated service to Roanoke County; and Page 1 of 2 ACTION NO. __A-092413-1.b__ ITEM NO. _______H-3_______ AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER MEETING DATE: September 24, 2013 AGENDA ITEM: Designation of voting delegate to the Virginia Association of Counties (VACo) conference to be held November 10-12, 2013 SUBMITTED BY: Deborah C. Jacks Clerk to the Board of Supervisors APPROVED BY: B. Clayton Goodman III County Administrator COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR'S COMMENTS: SUMMARY OF INFORMATION: The Virginia Association of Counties (VACo) annual conference will be held November 10- 12, 2013. They have requested that each county designate a representative of its Board of Supervisors as well as an alternate to cast its votes at the annual business meeting on Tuesday, November 12, 2013. The voting credentials form must be submitted to VACo by November 1, 2013. Supervisor Richard C. Flora will be attending the conference and it is recommended that he be a3. Confirmation has been placed on the consent agenda. Page 1 of 2 VOTE: Supervisor Altizer moved to approve the staff recommendation. Motion approved. Yes No Absent Ms. Moore Mr. Altizer Mr. Church Mr. Elswick Mr. Flora cc: B. Clayton Goodman III, County Administrator 2 ACTION NO. __A-092413-1.c__ ITEM NO. ______H-4_________ AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER MEETING DATE: September 24, 2013 AGENDA ITEM: Confirmation of appointments to the Building Code Board of Adjustments and Appeals (Fire Code Board of Appeals) and the Grievance Panel SUBMITTED BY: Deborah C. Jacks Clerk to the Board APPROVED BY: B. Clayton Goodman III County Administrator COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR'S COMMENTS: SUMMARY OF INFORMATION: 1. Building Code Board of Adjustments and Appeals (Fire Code Board of Appeals) During the closed session held by the Board of Supervisors on September 10, 2013, it was the recommendation of the Board to reappoint David M. Shelton, Jr. to an additional four (4)-year term to expire September 23, 2017. Accordingly, confirmation of this appointment has been placed on the Consent Agenda. 2. Grievance Panel During the closed session held by the Board of Supervisors on September 10, 2013, it was the recommendation of the Board to reappoint R. Vincent Reynolds to an additional three-year term to expire September 10, 2016. Additionally, the Board has recommended the reappointment of Lee Blair as alternate for an additional three (3)-year term to expire October 10, 2016.Accordingly, confirmation of these appointments has been placed on the Consent Agenda. Page 1 of 2 VOTE: Supervisor Altizer moved to approve the staff recommendation. Motion approved. Yes No Absent Ms. Moore Mr. Altizer Mr. Church Mr. Elswick Mr. Flora cc: Joel Baker, Building Commissioner Gary Huffman, Fire Marshal Rick Burch, Jr., Chief of Fire and Rescue Joe Sgroi, Director of Human Resources Page 2 of 2 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-3 GRANTING A SPECIAL USE PERMIT FOR THE OPERATION OF A RELIGIOUS ASSEMBLY ON 0.58 ACRE LOCATED IN THE C-1 OFFICE DISTRICT AT 4313 OLD CAVE SPRING ROAD (TAX MAP NO. 076.20-01-16.00) WINDSOR HILLS MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT, UPON THE PETITION OF TIM SPEAR AND JAMIE D. COX FOR BRAMBLETON BAPTIST CHURCH WHEREAS, Tim Spear, on behalf of Brambleton Baptist Church, has filed a petition for a special use permit for the operation of a religious assembly to be located in the C-1 Office District at 4313 Old Cave Spring Road, (Tax Map No. 076.20-01-16.00 ), in the Windsor Hills Magisterial District; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a public hearing on this matter on September 3, 2013; and WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, held a first reading on this matter on August 27, 2013; the second reading and public hearing on this matter was held on September 24, 2013. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That the Board finds that the granting of a special use permit for the operation of a religious assembly to be located in the C-1 Office District at 4313 Old Cave Spring Road in the Windsor Hills Magisterial District is substantially in accord with the adopted 2000 Community Plan, as amended, pursuant to the provisions of Section 15.2-2232 of the 1950 Code of Virginia, as amended, and said special use permit is hereby approved with the following condition: Page 1 of 2 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-4 REZONING 0.343ACRE LOCATED AT 4345 BRAMBLETON AVENUE FOR THE PURPOSE OF REMOVING PROFFFERED CONDITIONS FROM THE PROPERTY,WINDSOR HILLS MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT (TAX MAP NO.76.20-02-06.01),UPON THE APPLICATION OF 3B PROPERTIES, LLC WHEREAS, the first reading of this ordinance was held on August 27, 2013, and the second reading and public hearing were held September 24, 2013; and, WHEREAS, the Roanoke County Planning Commission held a public hearing on this matter on September 3, 2013; and WHEREAS, legal notice and advertisement has been provided as required by law; and WHEREAS, on September 27, 1988, this property was rezoned from B-1 Business to B-2 Business for the purpose of constructing a dry cleaning business on this property; and WHEREAS, the owner at that time proffered certain conditions as part of that rezoning; however, the current owner seeks to remove these conditions in order to expand the potential commercial uses allowed on the property BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That the following proffered conditions on this property are hereby repealed: the property will be used for a dry cleaning establishment only. The total square footage of signs on the subject property is limited to a maximum of Page 1 of 2 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-5 APPROVING THE NINETY-NINE (99) YEAR LEASE OF APPROXIMATELY 1,100 ACRES OF EXPLORE PARK FROM THE VIRGINIA RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AUTHORITY WHEREAS, Roanoke County has negotiated a ninety-nine (99) year lease of approximately 1,100 acres of real estate located along the Blue Ridge Parkway in Roanoke County and Bedford County, known as Explore Park, from the Virginia Recreational Facilities Authority; and WHEREAS, Roanoke County recognizes the value in establishing Explore Park as a regional outdoor adventure park that creates recreational opportunities in eco- tourism, as well as passive and active leisure activities, and economic development opportunities that will provide financial benefits to the region; and WHEREAS, the Virginia Recreational Facilities Authority is authorized to lease as lessor any real or personal property by Section 10.1-1603(1) of the Code of Virginia; and WHEREAS, Roanoke County is authorized to acquire property by lease by Section 15.2-1800(A) of the Code of Virginia, and by Section 2.03 of the Roanoke County Charter; and WHEREAS, this ordinance authorizes the execution of a nine-nine (99) year lease for this real estate from the Virginia Recreational Facilities Authority; and WHEREAS, Section 18.04 of the Roanoke County Charter directs that the acquisition and conveyance of real estate interests be accomplished by ordinance; the Page 1 of 3 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-6 AMENDING SECTION 5-26.2LICENSURE OF DANGEROUS DOGSNTY CODE TO PROVIDE FOR AN INCREASE IN THE REGISTRATION COMPLIANCE PERIOD establishes procedures for the identification, keeping, and licensure of dangerous dogs; and WHEREAS, the 2012 Session of the Virginia General Assembly amended Section 3.2-6540 of the Code of Virginia to increase the compliance period for obtaining a dangerous dog registration certificate; and WHEREAS, it is necessary to amend the County Code in order to bring it into c WHEREAS, first reading of this ordinance was held on September 10, 2013, and the second reading and public hearing was held on September 24, 2013. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That Section 5-26.2 of the Roanoke County Code be amended to read and provided as follows: Sec. 5-26.2. Licensure of Dangerous Dogs (a) The owner or custodian of any dog found by a court to be a dangerous dog shall, within forty-five (45) days of such finding, obtain a dangerous dog registration certificate or license from the treasurer by paying the fee Page 1 of 3 required by section 5-44 of this Code. The treasurer shall provide the owner or custodian with a uniformly designed tag which identifies the dog as a dangerous dog. The owner or custodian shall affix the tag to the dog's collar and ensure that the dog wears collar and tag at all times.All certificates or licenses issued pursuant to this section shall be renewed annually as required by section 5-44 of this Code. The community service officer shall provide a copy of the dangerous dog registration certificateor license and verification of the owner's compliance with the requirements of this article to the state veterinarian. (b) No dangerous dog license shall be issued until the applicant has filed with the treasurer the insurance certificate required by section 5-26.3(c). The treasurer shall immediately forward a copy of such certificate to the police department and the county's risk manager for review and filing. The risk manager shall immediately notify the community service and/or police officer of any noncompliance with the provisions of section 5-26.3(c) of which the risk manager becomes aware. (c) Any license or renewal required to be obtained under this section shall only be issued to persons eighteen (18) years of age or older who present satisfactory evidence: (1) Of the dog's current rabies vaccination; (2) That the provisions of subsections (a), (b) and (d) of section 5-26.3 have been complied with; and (3) That the animal has been neutered or spayed 2. That this ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its adoption. Page 2 of 3 ß T A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-7 CREATING THE WESTERN VIRGINIA REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL FACILITY AUTHORITY WHEREAS, pursuant to the Virginia Regional Industrial Facilities Act, Chapter 64 , the governing bodies of Botetourt County, Franklin County, Roanoke County, City of Roanoke, City of Salem and the Town of Vinton, after public hearing, duly advertised, if required by law, have determined that the economies of many localities within the region have not kept pace with those of the rest of the Commonwealth; and WHEREAS, providing a mechanism for localities in the creation to cooperate in the development of facilities will assist the region in overcoming this barrier to economic growth; and WHEREAS, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia has recognized that regional industrial facility authorities will enhance the economic base for the member localities by developing, owning and operating one or more facilities on a cooperative basis involving its member localities; and WHEREAS, regional industrial facility authorities and the powers vested in such authorities shall be for the benefit of the inhabitants of the region, and other areas of the Commonwealth, for the increase their commerce, and for the promotion of their safety, health, welfare, convenience and prosperity; and WHEREAS, the County of Roanoke is authorized by the Act to participate in such regional industrial facility authorities and the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, in conjunction with other governing bodies hereby proposes to create Page 1 of 3 the Western Virginia Industrial Authority, a public body politic and corporate created pursuant to the Act; and WHEREAS, the first reading of this ordinance was held on September 10, 2013; and the second reading and public hearing was held on September 24, 2013, and was duly advertised. THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia as follows: 1. The economic growth and development of Roanoke County, Virginia and the comfort, convenience and welfare of its citizens require the development of facilities; and 2. Joint action through a regional industrial facility authority by Botetourt County, Franklin County, Roanoke County, City of Roanoke, City of Salem and the Town of Vinton will facilitate the development of the needed facilities; and 3. Roanoke County is hereby authorized to execute the attached agreement establishing the respective rights and obligations of the member localities with respect to the authority consistent with the provisions of Section 15.2-6400 et seq. of the Code of Virginia. Page 2 of 3 ßÙÎÛÛÓÛÒÌ ÝÎÛßÌ×ÒÙ ÌØÛ É»¬»®² Ê·®¹·²·¿ λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ Ú¿½·´·¬§ ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ß¼±°¬»¼æ ÉØÛÎÛßÍô ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸» λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ Ú¿½·´·¬§ ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ß½¬ · ¬± »²¸¿²½» ¬¸» »½±²±³·½ ¾¿» º±® ¬¸» ³»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¾§ ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ô ±©²·²¹ô ¿²¼ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ±²» ±® ³±®» º¿½·´·¬·» ±² ¿ ½±±°»®¿¬·ª» ¾¿· ·²ª±´ª·²¹ ·¬ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ô ¿²¼ ÉØÛÎÛßÍô ¬¸» »¨»®½·» ±º ¬¸» °±©»® ¹®¿²¬»¼ ¾§ ݸ¿°¬»® êì ±º Ì·¬´» ïëòî ¸¿´´ ¾» ·² ¿´´ ¿°»½¬ º±® ¬¸» ¾»²»º·¬ ±º ¬¸» ·²¸¿¾·¬¿²¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¹·±² º±® ¬¸»·® ½±³³»®½»ô ¿²¼ º±® ¬¸» °®±³±¬·±² ±º ¬¸»·® ¿º»¬§ô ¸»¿´¬¸ô ©»´º¿®»ô ½±²ª»²·»²½» ¿²¼ °®±°»®·¬§å ¿²¼ô ÉØÛÎÛßÍô ¬¸» ²¿³»¼ ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼·» ¸¿ª» º«®¬¸»® ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¶±·²¬ ¿½¬·±² ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ®»¹·±²¿´ ·²¼«¬®·¿´ º¿½·´·¬§ ©·´´ º¿½·´·¬¿¬» ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ²»»¼»¼ ·²¼«¬®·¿´ º¿½·´·¬·»ò ÌØÛÎÛÚÑÎÛ ×Ì ×Í ØÛÎÛÞÇ ÑÎÜß×ÒÛÜ ÌØßÌ ô °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» Ê·®¹·²·¿ λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ Ú¿½·´·¬·» ß½¬ô ݸ¿°¬»® êìô Ì·¬´» ïëòîô Í»½¬·±² ïëòîóêìððô ó òô ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ô ïçëðô ¿ ¿³»²¼»¼ô ø¬¸» ß½¬÷ô ¬¸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼·» ±º ¬¸» ݱ«²¬§ ±º Þ±¬»¬±«®¬ô ¬¸» ݱ«²¬§ ±º Ú®¿²µ´·²ô ¬¸» ݱ«²¬§ ±º α¿²±µ»ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º α¿²±µ»ô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º Í¿´»³ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ̱©² ±º Ê·²¬±² ¸»®»¾§ ¿¹®»» ¬± ½®»¿¬»ô ¾§ ½±²½«®®»²¬ ¿¼±°¬·±² ±º ±®¼·²¿²½»ô ¬¸» É»¬»®² Ê·®¹·²·¿ λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ ¬¸» »½±²±³·½ ¾¿» º±® ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¾§ ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ô ±©²·²¹ô ¿²¼ ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ±²» ±® ³±®» º¿½·´·¬·» ±² ¿ ½±±°»®¿¬·ª» ¾¿· ·²ª±´ª·²¹ ·¬ ³»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ ×ò ÒßÓÛ ßÒÜ ÑÚÚ×ÝÛ Ì¸» ²¿³» ±º ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¬¸» É»¬»®² Ê·®¹·²·¿ λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ Ú¿½·´·¬§ ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ¿¼¼®» ±º ·¬ ±ºº·½» · ÝñÑ Î±¿²±µ» λ¹·±²¿´ ﮬ²»®¸·°ô ïïï Ú®¿²µ´·² α¿¼ô ÍòÛòô α¿²±µ»ô Êß îìðïïò п¹» ï ±º ïî ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ ××ò ÐßÎÌ×ÛÍ ÌÑ ÌØÛ ÉÛÍÌÛÎÒ Ê×ÎÙ×Ò×ß ÎÛÙ×ÑÒßÔ ×ÒÜËÍÌÎ×ßÔ ÚßÝ×Ô×ÌÇ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ ßÙÎÛÛÓÛÒÌ Ì¸» ·²·¬·¿´ ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿®»æ Þ±¬»¬±«®¬ ݱ«²¬§ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ Ú®¿²µ´·² ݱ«²¬§ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ α¿²±µ» ݱ«²¬§ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ α¿²±µ» Ý·¬§ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ Í¿´»³ Ý·¬§ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ ̱©² ±º Ê·²¬±²ô Ê·®¹·²·¿ ¿²¼ ¿®» ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß½¬ ¬± °¿®¬·½·°¿¬» ·² ¬¸· ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ »¿½¸ ¾» ½¿´´»¼ ´§ô ¬¸» ̸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ±º »¿½¸ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¸¿´´ ¿°°±·²¬ ³»³¾»® ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± Í»½¬·±² ïëòîóêìðí øß÷ ±º ¬¸» ß½¬ò Û¿½¸ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¸¿´´ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬©± øî÷ ³»³¾»® ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò ̸» ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» »´»½¬»¼ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ß®¬·½´» ×Ê ¸»®»±ºò Û¿½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ³¿§ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬©± ¿´¬»®²¿¬» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ô ¬± ¾» »´»½¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿³» ³¿²²»® ¿ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ °»®º±®³ ¿´´ ¼«¬·» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ô ¿²¼ ¿´¬»®²¿¬»ô ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¾»º±®» ¿½½»°¬·²¹ ¬¸»·® ¿°°±·²¬³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¾»¹·² ¼·½¸¿®¹» ±º ¬¸»·® ±ºº·½» ¼«¬·»ô ¸¿´´ ¬¿µ» ¿²¼ «¾½®·¾» ¬± ¬¸» ±¿¬¸ °®»½®·¾»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² ìçóï ±º ¬¸» ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ô ïçëðô ¿ ¿³»²¼»¼ò ߬ ¿²§ ¬·³» «¾»¯«»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ½®»¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸· ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¬¸» ³»³¾»®¸·° ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ô ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¿°°®±ª¿´ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ Þ±¿®¼ô ¾» »¨°¿²¼»¼ ¬± ·²½´«¼» ¿²§ ´±½¿´·¬§ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ®»¹·±² ¬¸¿¬ ©±«´¼ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² »´·¹·¾´» ¬± ¾» ¿² ·²·¬·¿´ ³»³¾»®ò ̸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ±º ¿ ´±½¿´·¬§ »»µ·²¹ ¬± ¾»½±³» ¿ ³»³¾»® ¸¿´´ »ª·¼»²½» ·¬ ·²¬»²¬ ¬± ¾»½±³» ¿ ³»³¾»® ¾§ ¿¼±°¬·²¹ ¿² ±®¼·²¿²½» °®±°±·²¹ ¬± ¶±·² ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ½±²º±®³ô ¬± ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ Í»½¬·±² ïëòîóêìðîô ½´¿«» ·ô ··ô ··· ¿²¼ ·ª ±º ¬¸» ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ò п¹» î ±º ïî ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ ×××ò Ú×ÒÜ×ÒÙå ÐËÎÐÑÍÛå ßÒÜ ÙÑÊÛÎÒÓÛÒÌßÔ ÚËÒÝÌ×ÑÒÍ ÑÚ ÌØÛ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ Ì¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¿¹®»» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸· ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿ ¾»»² »¬¿¾´·¸»¼ º±® ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ °«®°±» ¿²¼ º«²½¬·±²ò ïò ̸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¿¹®»» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» »½±²±³§ ±º ¬¸» É»¬»®² Ê·®¹·²·¿ λ¹·±²¿´ ײ¼«¬®·¿´ Ú¿½·´·¬§ ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿®»¿ ¸¿ ²±¬ µ»°¬ °¿½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸±» ±º ¬¸» ®»¬ ±º ¬¸» ݱ³³±²©»¿´¬¸ò ̸» ®»°»½¬·ª» ·²¼·ª·¼«¿´ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ³¿§ ´¿½µ ¬¸» º·²¿²½·¿´ ®»±«®½» ¬± ¿·¬ ·² ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º »½±²±³·½ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ °®±¶»½¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½®»¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ °®±ª·¼» ¿ ³»½¸¿²·³ º±® ¬¸» ﮬ²»® ¬± ½±±°»®¿¬» ·² ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º º¿½·´·¬·» ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ¿·¬ ¬¸» ®»¹·±² ·² ±ª»®½±³·²¹ ¬¸· ¾¿®®·»® ¬± »½±²±³·½ ¹®±©¬¸ò îò ̸» »¨»®½·» ±º ¬¸» °±©»® ¹®¿²¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß½¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·² ¿´´ ¿°»½¬ º±® ¬¸» ¾»²»º·¬ ±º ¬¸» ·²¸¿¾·¬¿²¬ ±º ¬¸» ®»¹·±² º±® ¬¸» ·²½®»¿» ±º ¬¸»·® ½±³³»®½»ô ¿²¼ º±® ¬¸» °®±³±¬·±² ±º ¬¸»·® ¿º»¬§ô ¸»¿´¬¸ô ©»´º¿®»ô ½±²ª»²·»²½» ¿²¼ °®±°»®·¬§ò íò ̸» ß½¬ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ·¨ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ©·¬¸ ³¿²§ °±©»® ¾§ ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ³¿§ ·²¬»®¿½¬ ¿ ±²» ¾±¼§ ±® ¿ ·²¼·ª·¼«¿´ °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·²¹ ¹®±«° ½±²·¬·²¹ ±º ±²» ±® ³±®» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ³»³¾»® ¾»´·»ª» ©·´´ ¹·ª» »¿½¸ ´±½¿´ ¹±ª»®²³»²¬ ¿² ±°°±®¬«²·¬§ ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ «½½»º«´ °¿®¬²»®¸·° º±® ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º »½±²±³·½ °®±¶»½¬ ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ »®ª» ¬¸» ®»¹·±²ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ ×Êò ÞÑßÎÜ ÑÚ ÌØÛ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ ß´´ °±©»®ô ®·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ ¼«¬·» ½±²º»®®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß½¬ô ±® ±¬¸»® °®±ª··±² ±º ´¿©ô «°±² ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» »¨»®½·» ¾§ ¿ Þ±¿®¼ ±º Ü·®»½¬±® ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ½±²·¬ ±º ¬©± ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® º®±³ »¿½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ò ̸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ±º »¿½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬©± ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¬± ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ò ß²§ °»®±² ©¸± · ¿ ®»·¼»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿°°±·²¬·²¹ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ³¿§ ¾» ¿°°±·²¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ò Û¨½»°¬ º±® ¬¸» °®±ª··±² º±® ¬¿¹¹»®»¼ ¬»®³ º±® ¬¸» ·²·¬·¿´ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¿ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¸»®»·²¿º¬»®ô »¿½¸ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ »®ª» º±® ¿ ¬»®³ ±º º±«® §»¿® ¿²¼ ³¿§ ¾» ®»¿°°±·²¬»¼ º±® ¿ ³¿²§ ¬»®³ ¿ ¬¸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ¼»·®»ò Ü«®·²¹ ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® п¹» í ±º ïî ´±½¿´·¬·» ¿¹®»» ¬± ¬¿¹¹»® ¬»®³ò Û¿½¸ ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ¸¿´´ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬¸»·® ·²·¬·¿´ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¬± »®ª» ¿²¼ ¼»·¹²¿¬» ±²» ±º ·¬ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¬± »®ª» º±® ¬©± §»¿® ¿²¼ ¬¸» ±¬¸»® ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¬± »®ª» º±® º±«® §»¿® ¬»®³ò ߺ¬»® ¬¸» ·²·¬·¿´ ¿°°±·²¬³»²¬ ±º ¬¸»» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ô »¿½¸ «½½»»¼·²¹ ¼·®»½¬±® ¸¿´´ »®ª» º±«® §»¿® ¬»®³ò ׺ ¿ ª¿½¿²½§ ±½½«® ¾§ ®»¿±² ±º ¼»¿¬¸ô ¼·¯«¿´·º·½¿¬·±² ±® ®»·¹²¿¬·±²ô ¬¸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ¿°°±·²¬»¼ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¸¿´´ ¿°°±·²¬ ¿ «½½»±® ¬± º·´´ ¬¸» «²»¨°·®»¼ ¬»®³ò ̸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ³¿§ ¿°°±·²¬ «° ¬± ¬©± ¿´¬»®²¿¬» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ò ß´¬»®²¿¬» ¸¿´´ ¾» »´»½¬»¼ ·² ¬¸» ¿³» ³¿²²»® ¿ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ô ¿²¼ ³¿§ »®ª» ¿ ¿² ¿´¬»®²¿¬» º±® »·¬¸»® ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® º®±³ ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬¸» ¿´¬»®²¿¬»ò ß´¬»®²¿¬» ¸¿´´ ¾» ¿°°±·²¬»¼ º±® ¬»®³ ¬¸¿¬ ½±·²½·¼» ©·¬¸ ±²» ±® ³±®» ±º ¬¸» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® º®±³ ¬¸» ³»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ¿°°±·²¬ ¬¸» ¿´¬»®²¿¬»ò ׺ ¿ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® · ²±¬ °®»»²¬ ¿¬ ¿ ³»»¬·²¹ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¬¸» ¿´¬»®²¿¬» ¸¿´´ ¸¿ª» ¿´´ ¬¸» ª±¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ®·¹¸¬ ±º ¬¸» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ²±¬ °®»»²¬ ¿²¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ½±«²¬»¼ º±® °«®°±» ±º ¼»¬»®³·²·²¹ ¿ ¯«±®«³ò Û¿½¸ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¾»º±®» »²¬»®·²¹ «°±² ¬¸» ¼·½¸¿®¹» ±º ¬¸» ¼«¬·» ±º ¸· ±ºº·½» ¸¿´´ ¬¿µ» ¿²¼ «¾½®·¾» ¬± ¬¸» ±¿¬¸ °®»½®·¾»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² ìçóïô ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ô ïçëðô ¿ ¿³»²¼»¼ò ß ¯«±®«³ ¸¿´´ »¨·¬ ©¸»² ¿ ³¿¶±®·¬§ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¿®» ®»°®»»²¬»¼ ¾§ ¿¬ ´»¿¬ ±²» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»®ò ̸» ¿ºº·®³¿¬·ª» ª±¬» ±º ¿ ¯«±®«³ ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ²»½»¿®§ º±® ¿²§ ¿½¬·±² ¬¿µ»² ¾§ ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ò Ò± ª¿½¿²½§ ·² ¬¸» ³»³¾»®¸·° ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ·³°¿·® ¬¸» ®·¹¸¬ ±º ¿ ¯«±®«³ ¬± »¨»®½·» ¿´´ ®·¹¸¬ ¿²¼ °»®º±®³ ¿´´ ¼«¬·» ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» ¬·³» ¿²¼ °´¿½» ±º ·¬ ®»¹«´¿® ³»»¬·²¹ô ©¸·½¸ ³¿§ ¾» ¿¼¶±«®²»¼ ±® ½±²¬·²«»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ º«®¬¸»® °«¾´·½ ²±¬·½»ô º®±³ ¼¿§ ¬± ¼¿§ ±® º®±³ ¬·³» ¬± ¬·³» ±® º®±³ °´¿½» ¬± °´¿½»ô ¾«¬ ²±¬ ¾»§±²¼ ¬¸» ¬·³» º·¨»¼ º±® ¬¸» ²»¨¬ ®»¹«´¿® ³»»¬·²¹ô «²¬·´ ¬¸» ¾«·²» ¾»º±®» ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ · ½±³°´»¬»¼ò Þ±¿®¼ °»½·¿´ ³»»¬·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¸»´¼ ©¸»² ®»¯«»¬»¼ ¾§ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ±º ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ®»°®»»²¬·²¹ ¬©± ±® ³±®» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ò ß ®»¯«»¬ º±® ¿ °»½·¿´ ³»»¬·²¹ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·² ©®·¬·²¹ô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ®»¯«»¬ ¸¿´´ °»½·º§ ¬¸» ¬·³» ¿²¼ °´¿½» ±º ¬¸» ³»»¬·²¹ ¿²¼ ¬¸» ³¿¬¬»® ¬± ¾» ½±²·¼»®»¼ ¿¬ ¬¸» ³»»¬·²¹ò ß ®»¿±²¿¾´» »ºº±®¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ³¿¼» ¬± °®±ª·¼» »¿½¸ ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ©·¬¸ ²±¬·½» ±º ¿²§ °»½·¿´ ³»»¬·²¹ò Ò± ³¿¬¬»® ²±¬ °»½·º·»¼ ·² ¬¸» ²±¬·½» ¸¿´´ ¾» ½±²·¼»®»¼ ¿¬ «½¸ °»½·¿´ ³»»¬·²¹ô п¹» ì ±º ïî «²´» ¿´´ ¬¸» ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¿®» °®»»²¬ò Í°»½·¿´ ³»»¬·²¹ ³¿§ ¾» ¿¼¶±«®²»¼ ±® ½±²¬·²«»¼ô ©·¬¸±«¬ º«®¬¸»® °«¾´·½ ²±¬·½»ô º®±³ ¼¿§ ¬± ¼¿§ ±® º®±³ ¬·³» ¬± ¬·³» ±® º®±³ °´¿½» ¬± °´¿½»ô ²±¬ ¾»§±²¼ ¬¸» ¬·³» º·¨»¼ º±® ¬¸» ²»¨¬ ®»¹«´¿® ³»»¬·²¹ô «²¬·´ ¬¸» ¾«·²» ¾»º±®» ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ · ½±³°´»¬»¼ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ ¸¿´´ »´»½¬ º®±³ ·¬ ³»³¾»®¸·° ¿ ½¸¿·®ô ª·½» ½¸¿·®ô ¬®»¿«®»®ô ¿²¼ »½®»¬¿®§ º±® »¿½¸ ½¿´»²¼¿® §»¿®ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ ³¿§ ¿´± ¿°°±·²¬ ¿² »¨»½«¬·ª» ¼·®»½¬±® ¿²¼ ¬¿ºº ©¸± ¸¿´´ ¼·½¸¿®¹» «½¸ º«²½¬·±² ¿ ³¿§ ¾» ¼·®»½¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ò ̸» »¨»½«¬·ª» ¼·®»½¬±® ¿²¼ ¬¿ºº ³¿§ ¾» °¿·¼ º®±³ º«²¼ ®»½»·ª»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò Ò± ¾±¿®¼ ³»³¾»® ¸¿´´ ®»½»·ª» ½±³°»²¿¬·±²ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ °®±³°¬´§ º±´´±©·²¹ ¬¸» ½´±» ±º ¬¸» º·½¿´ §»¿® øÖ«´§ ï ¬¸®« Ö«²» §»¿® ¬± ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ò ̸» ß²²«¿´ λ°±®¬ ¸¿´´ »¬ º±®¬¸ ¿ ½±³°´»¬» ±°»®¿¬·²¹ ¿²¼ º·²¿²½·¿´ ¬¿¬»³»²¬ ½±ª»®·²¹ ¬¸» ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¼«®·²¹ «½¸ ®»°±®¬·²¹ §»¿®ò ̸» Þ±¿®¼ ³¿§ »¬¿¾´·¸ ¼«» ±® ±¬¸»® ¿²²«¿´ º·²¿²½·¿´ º»» ¿ ³¿§ ¾» ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¾§ ¿ «²¿²·³±« ª±¬» ±º Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ Êò ÐÑÉÛÎÍ ÑÚ ÌØÛ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ Ì¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ · ª»¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °±©»® ±º ¿ ¾±¼§ ½±®°±®¿¬»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» °±©»® ¬± «» ¿²¼ ¾» «»¼ ·² ·¬ ±©² ²¿³»ô °´»¿¼ ¿²¼ ¾» ·³°´»¿¼»¼ô ¿²¼ ¿¼±°¬ ¿²¼ «» ¿ ½±³³±² »¿´ ¿²¼ ¿´¬»® ¬¸» ¿³» ¿ ³¿§ ¾» ¼»»³»¼ »¨°»¼·»²¬ò ̸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ª»¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ¿´´ °±©»® ¿²¼ ¼«¬·» »²«³»®¿¬»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² ïëòîóêìðëô °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ß½¬ ¿ ·¬ ½«®®»²¬´§ »¨·¬ ±® ³¿§ ¾» ¿³»²¼»¼å б©»® ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§æ ïò ß¼±°¬ ¾§´¿©ô ®«´» ¿²¼ ®»¹«´¿¬·±² ¬± ½¿®®§ ±«¬ ¬¸» °®±ª··±² ±º ¬¸· ½¸¿°¬»®ò îò Û³°´±§ô »·¬¸»® ¿ ®»¹«´¿® »³°´±§»» ±® ¿ ·²¼»°»²¼»²¬ ½±²¬®¿½¬±®ô ½±²«´¬¿²¬ô »²¹·²»»®ô ¿®½¸·¬»½¬ô ¿½½±«²¬¿²¬ô ¿¬¬±®²»§ô º·²¿²½·¿´ »¨°»®¬ô п¹» ë ±º ïî ½±²¬®«½¬·±² »¨°»®¬ ¿²¼ °»®±²²»´ô «°»®·²¬»²¼»²¬ô ³¿²¿¹»® ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® °®±º»·±²¿´ °»®±²²»´ô °»®±²²»´ô ¿²¼ ¿¹»²¬ ¿ ³¿§ ¾» ²»½»¿®§ ·² ¬¸» ¶«¼¹³»²¬ ±º ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¿²¼ º·¨ ¬¸»·® ½±³°»²¿¬·±²ò íò Ü»¬»®³·²» ¬¸» ´±½¿¬·±² ±ºô ¼»ª»´±°ô »¬¿¾´·¸ô ½±²¬®«½¬ô »®»½¬ô ®»°¿·®ô ®»³±¼»´ô ¿¼¼ ¬±ô »¨¬»²¼ô ·³°®±ª»ô »¯«·°ô ±°»®¿¬»ô ®»¹«´¿¬»ô ¿²¼ ³¿·²¬¿·² º¿½·´·¬·» ¬± ¬¸» »¨¬»²¬ ²»½»¿®§ ±® ½±²ª»²·»²¬ ¬± ¿½½±³°´·¸ ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò ìò ß½¯«·®»ô ±©²ô ¸±´¼ô ´»¿»ô «»ô »´´ô »²½«³¾»®ô ¬®¿²º»®ô ±® ¼·°±» ±ºô ·² ·¬ ±©² ²¿³»ô ¿²§ ®»¿´ ±® °»®±²¿´ °®±°»®¬§ ±® ·²¬»®»¬ ¬¸»®»·²ò ëò ײª»¬ ¿²¼ ®»·²ª»¬ º«²¼ ±º ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ò êò Û²¬»® ·²¬± ½±²¬®¿½¬ ±º ¿²§ µ·²¼ô ¿²¼ »¨»½«¬» ¿´´ ·²¬®«³»²¬ ²»½»¿®§ ±® ½±²ª»²·»²¬ ©·¬¸ ®»°»½¬ ¬± ·¬ ½¿®®§·²¹ ±«¬ ¬¸» °±©»® ±º ¬¸» ß½¬ ¬± ¿½½±³°´·¸ ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò éò Û¨°»²¼ «½¸ º«²¼ ¿ ³¿§ ¾» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ º¿½·´·¬·»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¾«¬ ²±¬ ´·³·¬»¼ ¬± ø·÷ °«®½¸¿·²¹ ®»¿´ »¬¿¬»å ø··÷ ¹®¿¼·²¹ ·¬»å ø···÷ ·³°®±ª·²¹ô ®»°´¿½·²¹ ¿²¼ »¨¬»²¼·²¹ ©¿¬»®ô »©»®ô ²¿¬«®¿´ ¹¿ô »´»½¬®·½¿´ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® «¬·´·¬§ ´·²»å ø·ª÷ ½±²¬®«½¬·²¹ô ®»¸¿¾·´·¬¿¬·²¹ô ¿²¼ »¨°¿²¼·²¹ ¾«·´¼·²¹å øª÷ ½±²¬®«½¬·²¹ °¿®µ·²¹ º¿½·´·¬·»å øª·÷ ½±²¬®«½¬·²¹ ¿½½» ®±¿¼ô ¬®»»¬ô ¿²¼ ®¿·´ ´·²»å øª··÷ °«®½¸¿·²¹ ±® ´»¿·²¹ ³¿½¸·²»®§ ¿²¼ ¬±±´å ¿²¼ øª···÷ ³¿µ·²¹ ¿²§ ±¬¸»® ·³°®±ª»³»²¬ ¼»»³»¼ ²»½»¿®§ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¬± ³»»¬ ·¬ ±¾¶»½¬·ª»ò èò Ú·¨ ¿²¼ ®»ª·» º®±³ ¬·³» ¬± ¬·³» ¿²¼ ½¸¿®¹» ¿²¼ ½±´´»½¬ ®¿¬»ô ®»²¬ô º»»ô ±® ±¬¸»® ½¸¿®¹» º±® ¬¸» «» ±º ¬¸» º¿½·´·¬·» ±® º±® »®ª·½» ®»²¼»®»¼ ±² ½±²²»½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¬¸» º¿½·´·¬·»ò çò Þ±®®±© ³±²»§ º®±³ ¿²§ ±«®½» º±® ¿²§ ª¿´·¼ °«®°±»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ©±®µ·²¹ ½¿°·¬¿´ º±® ·¬ ±°»®¿¬·±²ô ®»»®ª» º«²¼ô ±® ·²¬»®»¬ô ³±®¬¹¿¹»ô °´»¼¹»ô ±® ±¬¸»®©·» »²½«³¾»® ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ±® º«²¼ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¿²¼ ½±²¬®¿½¬ ©·¬¸ ±® »²¹¿¹» ¬¸» »®ª·½» ±º ¿²§ °»®±² ·² ½±²²»½¬·±² ©·¬¸ ¿²§ º·²¿²½·²¹ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ º·²¿²½·¿´ ·²¬·¬«¬·±²ô ·«»® ±º ´»¬¬»® ±º ½®»¼·¬ô ±® ·²«®»®ò ïðò ׫» ¾±²¼ «²¼»® ¬¸· ½¸¿°¬»®ò п¹» ê ±º ïî ïïò ß½½»°¬ º«²¼ ¿²¼ °®±°»®¬§ º®±³ ¬¸» ݱ³³±²©»¿´¬¸ô °»®±²ô ½±«²¬·»ô ½·¬·»ô ¿²¼ ¬±©² ¿²¼ «» ¬¸» ¿³» º±® ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» °«®°±» º±® ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ · ½®»¿¬»¼ò ïî ß°°´§ º±® ¿²¼ ¿½½»°¬ ¹®¿²¬ ±® ´±¿² ±º ³±²»§ ±® ±¬¸»® °®±°»®¬§ º®±³ ¿²§ º»¼»®¿´ ¿¹»²½§ º±® ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» °«®°±» ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ ·² ¬¸· ½¸¿°¬»® ¿²¼ »¨°»²¼ ±® «» ¬¸» ¿³» ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ¼·®»½¬·±² ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ¿¬¬¿½¸»¼ ¬¸»®»¬± ±® ·³°±»¼ ¬¸»®»±² ¾§ ¿²§ «½¸ º»¼»®¿´ ¿¹»²½§ò ïíò Ó¿µ» ´±¿² ±® ¹®¿²¬ ¬±ô ¿²¼ »²¬»® ·²¬± ½±±°»®¿¬·ª» ¿®®¿²¹»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ô ¿²§ °»®±²ô °¿®¬²»®¸·°ô ¿±½·¿¬·±²ô ½±®°±®¿¬·±²ô ¾«·²» ±® ¹±ª»®²³»²¬¿´ »²¬·¬§ ·² º«®¬¸»®¿²½» ±º ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸· ½¸¿°¬»®ô º±® ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º °®±³±¬·²¹ »½±²±³·½ ¿²¼ ©±®µº±®½» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ô °®±ª·¼»¼ ¬¸¿¬ «½¸ ´±¿² ±® ¹®¿²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ³¿¼» ±²´§ º®±³ ®»ª»²«» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ²±¬ ¾»»² °´»¼¹»¼ ±® ¿·¹²»¼ º±® ¬¸» °¿§³»²¬ ±º ¿²§ ±º ¬¸» ß ½±²¬®¿½¬ô ·²¬®«³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ¿ ³¿§ ¾» »¨°»¼·»²¬ ¬± °®±ª·¼» º±® «½¸ ´±¿²ô ¿²¼ ¿²§ »½«®·¬§ ¬¸»®»º±®ò ̸» ©±®¼ ´±¿²ô º«²¼ ¿²¼ °®±°»®¬§ô ¿ »²«³»®¿¬»¼ ¸»®»·²ò ïìò Û²¬»® ·²¬± ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¿²§ ±¬¸»® °±´·¬·½¿´ «¾¼·ª··±² ±º ¬¸» ݱ³³±²©»¿´¬¸ º±® ¶±·²¬ ±® ½±±°»®¿¬·ª» ¿½¬·±² ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ Í»½¬·±² ïëòîó ïíððô ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ô ïçëðô ¿ ¿³»²¼»¼ò ïëò ܱ ¿´´ ¬¸·²¹ ²»½»¿®§ ±® ½±²ª»²·»²¬ ¬± ½¿®®§ ±«¬ ¬¸» °«®°±» ±º ¬¸· ½¸¿°¬»®ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ Ê×ò ÐßÎÌ×Ý×ÐßÌ×ÑÒ ßÙÎÛÛÓÛÒÌÍ ÚÑÎ ×ÒÜËÍÌÎ×ßÔ ÚßÝ×Ô×Ì×ÛÍ Ì¸» ß½¬ ¿«¬¸±®·¦» ¼·ºº»®»²¬ ³»½¸¿²·³ ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ »´»½¬ ¬± «²¼»®¬¿µ» ·² ³»»¬·²¹ ¬¸» °«®°±» ´·¬»¼ ¿¾±ª»ô ¾«¬ ¬¸» °®·³¿®§ °«®°±» ±º ¬¸· ß«¬¸±®·¬§ · ¬± »¬¿¾´·¸ ﮬ·½·°¿¬·±² ß¹®»»³»²¬ô ¾§ ©¸·½¸ ·²¼«¬®·¿´ º¿½·´·¬·» ̸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ »²¬»® ·²¬± ﮬ·½·°¿¬·±² ß¹®»»³»²¬ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± Í»½¬·±² ïëòîó ïíððô Èòô ±º ¬¸» ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ò ̸» ß¹®»»³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ²»¹±¬·¿¬»¼ ¾»¬©»»² ¿´´ °¿®¬·» ¿²¼ ¾» ½±²·¬»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °±©»® ¹®¿²¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß½¬ò Í«½¸ п¹» é ±º ïî °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·±² ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·±² ¾§ °«¾´·½ ¿²¼ °®·ª¿¬» »²¬·¬·» ²±¬ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò ײ ²± ½¿»ô ¸¿´´ ¬¸» º«´´ º¿·¬¸ ¿²¼ ½®»¼·¬ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¾» °´»¼¹»¼ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸» «²¿²·³±« ½±²»²¬ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ò Û¿½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ³¿§ ½±²·¼»® ·¬ ¬»®³ ·² ¬¸» °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·±² ·² »¿½¸ °®±°±»¼ °®±¶»½¬ò ̸» ½±¬ º±® «½¸ ﮬ·½·°¿¬·±² ß¹®»»³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¿²§ ®»³«²»®¿¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸» ½®»¿¬·±² ±º ¿ ﮬ·½·°¿¬·±² ß¹®»»³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ±²´§ ¾» ¸¿®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¬¸¿¬ °¿®¬·½·°¿¬» ·² ¬¸» ﮬ·½·°¿¬·±² ß¹®»»³»²¬ ·² ¿½½±®¼¿²½» ©·¬¸ ¬¸» °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·²¹ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ º±® ¬¸¿¬ °®±¶»½¬ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ Ê××ò ÜÑÒßÌ×ÑÒÍ ÌÑ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇå ÎÛÓ×ÌÌßÒÝÛ ÑÚ ÌßÈ ÎÛÊÛÒËÛ ßò Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¿®» ¸»®»¾§ ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ ¬± ´»²¼ô ±® ¼±²¿¬» ³±²»§ ±® ±¬¸»® °®±°»®¬§ ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ º±® ¿²§ ±º ·¬ °«®°±»ò ̸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ³¿µ·²¹ ¬¸» ¹®¿²¬ ±® ´±¿² ³¿§ ®»¬®·½¬ ¬¸» «» ±º «½¸ ¹®¿²¬ ±® ´±¿² ¬± ¿ °»½·º·½ º¿½·´·¬§ ±©²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ©·¬¸·² ±® ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸¿¬ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ò Þò ̸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ±º ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ·² ©¸·½¸ ¿ º¿½·´·¬§ ±©²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ · ´±½¿¬»¼ ³¿§ ¼·®»½¬ô ¾§ ®»±´«¬·±² ±® ±®¼·²¿²½» ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´ ¬¿¨ ®»ª»²«» ½±´´»½¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ®»°»½¬ ¬± ¬¸» º¿½·´·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ®»³·¬¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò Í«½¸ ®»ª»²«» ³¿§ ¾» «»¼ º±® ¬¸» °¿§³»²¬ ±º ¼»¾¬ »®ª·½» ±² ¾±²¼ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ·²½«®®»¼ ©·¬¸ ®»°»½¬ ¬± «½¸ º¿½·´·¬§ò ̸» ¿½¬·±² ±º «½¸ ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼§ ¸¿´´ ²±¬ ½±²¬·¬«¬» ¿ °´»¼¹» ±º ¬¸» ½®»¼·¬ ±® ¬¿¨·²¹ °±©»® ±º «½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ Ê×××ò ÎÛÊÛÒËÛ ÍØßÎ×ÒÙ ßÙÎÛÛÓÛÒÌÍ Ò±¬©·¬¸¬¿²¼·²¹ ¬¸» ®»¯«·®»³»²¬ ±º ݸ¿°¬»® íì øÍ»½¬·±² ïëòîóíìðð ò÷ô ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ³¿§ ¿¹®»» ¬± ¿ ®»ª»²«» ¿²¼ »½±²±³·½ ¹®±©¬¸ ¸¿®·²¹ ¿®®¿²¹»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ®»°»½¬ ¬± ¬¿¨ ®»ª»²«» ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ·²½±³» ¿²¼ ®»ª»²«» ¹»²»®¿¬»¼ ¾§ ¿²§ º¿½·´·¬§ ±©²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò ̸» ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °¿®¬·» ¬± ¿²§ «½¸ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ²±¬ ¾» ½±²¬®«»¼ ¬± ¾» ¼»¾¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ³»¿²·²¹ ±º ß®¬·½´» Ê××ô Í»½¬·±² ïðô ±º ¬¸» ݱ²¬·¬«¬·±² ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ò ß²§ «½¸ ¿¹®»»³»²¬ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¿°°®±ª»¼ ¾§ ¿ «²¿²·³±« ª±¬» ±º ¬¸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼·» ±º ¬¸» п¹» è ±º ïî Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ®»¿½¸·²¹ «½¸ ¿² ¿¹®»»³»²¬ô ¾«¬ ¸¿´´ ²±¬ ®»¯«·®» ¿²§ ±¬¸»® ¿°°®±ª¿´ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ ×Èò ÞÑÒÜ ×ÍÍËÛÍ Ì¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ ¿¬ ¿²§ ¬·³» ¿²¼ º®±³ ¬·³» ·«» ¾±²¼ º±® ¿²§ ª¿´·¼ °«®°±»ô ·²½´«¼·²¹ ¬¸» »¬¿¾´·¸³»²¬ ±º ®»»®ª» ¿²¼ ¬¸» °¿§³»²¬ ±º ·²¬»®»¬ò ®»º«²¼·²¹ ¾±²¼ ±® ¿²§ ±¬¸»® »ª·¼»²½» ±º ±¾´·¹¿¬·±²ò ß²§ «½¸ ¾±²¼ ·«»¼ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ß½¬ ¸¿´´ ½±³°´§ ©·¬¸ ¿´´ ¬»®³ ¿²¼ ½±²¼·¬·±² ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ·² Í»½¬·±² ïëòîóêìðçô ïëòîóêìïðô ïëòîóêìïï ¿²¼ ïëòîóêìïî ±º ¬¸» ݱ¼» ±º Ê·®¹·²·¿ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ Èò ßÝÝÑËÒÌÍ ßÒÜ ÎÛÝÑÎÜÍ Ì¸» ¿½½±«²¬ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸±©·²¹ ¬¸» ®»½»·°¬ ¿²¼ ¼·¾«®»³»²¬ ±º º«²¼ º®±³ ©¸¿¬»ª»® ±«®½» ¼»®·ª»¼ ¸¿´´ ¾» ·² «½¸ º±®³ ¿ ¬¸» ß«¼·¬±® ±º Ы¾´·½ ß½½±«²¬ °®»½®·¾»ô °®±ª·¼»¼ ¬¸¿¬ «½¸ ¿½½±«²¬ ½±®®»°±²¼ ¿ ²»¿®´§ ¿ °±·¾´» ¬± ¬¸» ¿½½±«²¬ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼ º±® «½¸ ³¿¬¬»® ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ ¾§ ½±®°±®¿¬» »²¬»®°®·»ò ̸» ¿½½±«²¬ ¿²¼ ®»½±®¼ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» «¾¶»½¬ ¬± ¿«¼·¬ °«®«¿²¬ ¬± Í»½¬·±² íðóïìðô ¿²¼ ¬¸» ½±¬ ±º «½¸ ¿«¼·¬ »®ª·½» ¸¿´´ ¾» ¾±®²» ¾§ ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ò ̸» ß º·½¿´ §»¿® ¸¿´´ ¾» ¬¸» ¿³» ¿ ¬¸» ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ È×ò Ü×ÍÍÑÔËÌ×ÑÒ ÑÚ ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ ß²§ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ ©·¬¸¼®¿© º®±³ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ø·÷ «°±² ¼·±´«¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¿«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿ »¬ º±®¬¸ ¸»®»·² ¿²¼ ¿º¬»® ¿¬·º¿½¬·±² ¿ «½¸ ¿²§ ¼»¾¬ ·²½®»¿»¼ ©·¬¸ ®»º«²¼ ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ±® ¿º¬»® ³¿µ·²¹ ½±²¬®¿½¬«¿´ °®±ª··±² º±® ¬¸» ®»°¿§³»²¬ ±º ·¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¿²§ ¼»¾¬ ·²½«®®»¼ ©·¬¸ ®»º«²¼ ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ô ¿ ©»´´ ¿ °´»¼¹·²¹ ¬± °¿§ ¿²§ ¹»²»®¿´ ¼«» º±® ±°»®¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ º±® ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ¿²¼ °®»½»¼·²¹ º·½¿´ §»¿® º±´´±©·²¹ ¬¸» »ºº»½¬·ª» ¼¿¬» ±º ©·¬¸¼®¿©¿´ò п¹» ç ±º ïî Ò± Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ »»µ·²¹ ©·¬¸¼®¿©¿´ ¸¿´´ ®»¬¿·²ô ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸» ½±²»²¬ ±º ¿ ³¿¶±®·¬§ ±º ¬¸» ®»³¿·²·²¹ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·»ô ¿²§ ®·¹¸¬ ¬± ½±²¬®·¾«¬·±² ³¿¼» ¾§ «½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ô ¬± ¿²§ °®±°»®¬§ ¸»´¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ±® ¬± ¿²§ ®»ª»²«» ¸¿®·²¹ ¿ ¿´´±©»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß½¬ò Ë°±² ©·¬¸¼®¿©¿´ô ¬¸» ©·¬¸¼®¿©·²¹ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¿´± ®»¬«®² ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿²§ ¼«» ±® ±¬¸»® ½±²¬®·¾«¬·±² ®»º«²¼»¼ ¬± «½¸ Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬§ ¼«®·²¹ ·¬ ³»³¾»®¸·° ·² ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ò ɸ»²»ª»® ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ¼»¬»®³·²» ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °«®°±» º±® ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ©¿ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¸¿ ¾»»² «¾¬¿²¬·¿´´§ º«´º·´´»¼ ±® · ·³°®¿½¬·½¿´ ±® ·³°±·¾´» ¬± ¿½½±³°´·¸ ¿²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ¿´´ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ·²½«®®»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿ª» ¾»»² °¿·¼ ±® ¬¸¿¬ ½¿¸ ±® «ºº·½·»²¬ ¿³±«²¬ ±º ¿°°®±ª»¼ »½«®·¬·» ¸¿ ¾»»² ¼»°±·¬»¼ º±® ¬¸»·® ®»°¿§³»²¬ô ±® °®±ª··±² ¿¬·º¿½¬±®§ º±® ¬¸» ¬·³»´§ °¿§³»²¬ ±º ¿´´ ·¬ ±«¬¬¿²¼·²¹ ±¾´·¹¿¬·±² ¸¿ª» ¾»»² ¿®®¿²¹»¼ô ¬¸» Þ±¿®¼ ³¿§ ¿¼±°¬ ®»±´«¬·±² ¼»½´¿®·²¹ ¿²¼ º·²¼·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼·±´ª»¼ò ß°°®±°®·¿¬» ¿¬¬»¬»¼ ½±°·» ±º «½¸ ®»±´«¬·±² ¸¿´´ ¾» ¼»´·ª»®»¼ ¬± ¬¸» Ù±ª»®²±® ± ¬¸¿¬ ´»¹·´¿¬·±² ¼·±´ª·²¹ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ ¾» ·²¬®±¼«½»¼ ·² ¬¸» Ù»²»®¿´ ß»³¾´§ò ̸» ¼·±´«¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾»½±³» »ºº»½¬·ª» ¿½½±®¼·²¹ ¬± ¬¸» ¬»®³ ±º «½¸ ´»¹·´¿¬·±²ò ̸» ¬·¬´» ¬± ¿´´ º«²¼ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ±º «½¸ ¼·±´«¬·±² ¸¿´´ ª»¬ ·² ¬¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ©¸·½¸ ¸¿ª» ½±²¬®·¾«¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ·² °®±°±®¬·±² ¬± ¬¸»·® ®»°»½¬·ª» ½±²¬®·¾«¬·±²ò ßÎÌ×ÝÔÛ È××ò ßËÌØÑÎ×ÌÇ ÑÐÛÎßÌ×ÑÒÍ Ì¸» Ó»³¾»® ´±½¿´·¬·» ¸¿´´ »¬¿¾´·¸ ¿²¼ ¿°°®±ª» Þ§ó´¿© ¾§ ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ¸¿´´ ¾» ±°»®¿¬»¼ º±® ¬¸» ¾»²»º·¬ ±º ¿´´ °¿®¬·½·°¿¬·²¹ ´±½¿´·¬·»ò ̸» ß«¬¸±®·¬§ ³¿§ ¿´± »¬¿¾´·¸ б´·½·» ¿²¼ Ю±½»¼«®» ¿²¼ñ±® ¿ Ë»® ß¹®»»³»²¬ ·² ±®¼»® ¬± ³¿²¿¹» ·¬ ¼¿·´§ ±°»®¿¬·±²ò ×Ò É×ÌÒÛÍÍ ÉØÛÎÛÑÚô ¬¸» ¹±ª»®²·²¹ ¾±¼·» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ô ¾§ ¿«¬¸±®·¦»¼ ¿½¬·±²ô ¸¿ª» ½¿«»¼ ¬¸· ß¹®»»³»²¬ ¬± ¾» »¨»½«¬»¼ ¿²¼ ¬¸»·® ®»°»½¬·ª» »¿´ ¬± ¾» ¿ºº·¨»¼ ¸»®»¬± ¿²¼ ¿¬¬»¬»¼ ¾§ ¬¸»·® ®»°»½¬·ª» ½´»®µ ±® »½®»¬¿®·» ¬¸ ½±³³»²½·²¹ ¬¸· ç ¼¿§ ±º ѽ¬±¾»®ô îðïíò п¹» ï𠱺 ïî ßÐÐÎÑÊÛÜ ÌÑ ÚÑÎÓæ ߬¬±®²»§ ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ ÝÑËÒÌÇ ÑÚ ÎÑßÒÑÕÛ Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ ÝÑËÒÌÇ ÑÚ ÞÑÌÛÌÑËÎÌ Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ Ý×ÌÇ ÑÚ ÎÑßÒÑÕÛ Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ Ý×ÌÇ ÑÚ ÍßÔÛÓ Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ п¹» ïï ±º ïî ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ ÝÑËÒÌÇ ÑÚ ÚÎßÒÕÔ×Ò Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ ßÌÌÛÍÌ æ ÌÑÉÒ ÑÚ Ê×ÒÌÑÒ Þ§æ Þ§æ Ü¿¬»æ ׬æ п¹» ïî ±º ïî AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 ORDINANCE 092413-8 AMENDING THE ROANOKE COUNTY CODE BY AMENDING SECTION 21-74, APPLICATION AND CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY. EXEMPTION FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED PERSONS OF CHAPTER 21. TAXATION TO CHANGE THE ANNUAL FILING DATE TO SUBMIT AN APPLICATION FOR AN EXEMPTION FROM BETWEEN FEBRUARY 1 AND MARCH 31 OF THE YEAR FOR WHICH EXEMPTION IS CLAIMED TO BETWEEN FEBRUARY 1 AND MARCH 15 OF THE YEAR FOR WHICH EXEMPTION IS CLAIMED WHEREAS, Section 21-74 of the Roanoke County Code currently establishes that a person seeking an exemption under this division shall file an application for exemption in affidavit form with the commissioner of the revenue between February 1 and March 31 of the year for which the exemption is claimed; and WHEREAS, there are a large number of participants in the program and a high volume of information is submitted to the commissioner of the revenue, a change in the filing date will serve to have the application process proceed more efficiently; and WHEREAS, the first reading of this ordinance was held on September 10, 2013, and the second reading and public hearing were held on September 24, 2013; and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows: 1. That Section 21-74. Application and certificate of disability of Division 3. Exemption for Elderly and Disable Persons of Article III. Real Estate Taxes of Chapter 21. Taxation be amended to read and provide as follows: Sec. 21-74. - Application and certificate of disability. Page 1 of 3 (a) A person seeking an exemption under this division shall file an application for exemption, in affidavit form, with the commissioner of the revenue, between February 1 and March 15 of the year for which exemption is claimed. Such application shall set forth the names of any related persons occupying the property for which the exemption is claimed and that the total combined net worth, including equitable interests, and the combined income from all sources of the persons specified in Section 21-73 does not exceed the limits prescribed in such section. (b) A person claiming an exemption because he has attained the age of sixty- five (65) years shall be required to file an initial application and make affidavit thereof pursuant to subsection (a) above. This initial application will be valid for a period of three (3) years and in intervening years, once the exemption is granted, such person shall be required only to make an annual certification, on forms to be supplied by the commissioner of the revenue, that the information on the last preceding affidavit filed has not changed so as to violate the limitations and conditions provided in this division. (c) If a person applying for an exemption under this division is under sixty-five (65) years of age, he shall be required to submit annually, the application referred to in subsection (a) above and each such annual application shall have attached to it a certification by the social security administration, the veterans administration, the railroad retirement board or the civil service commission which shall indicate that the applicant has been determined to be permanently and totally disabled such that he is unable to engage in any substantially gainful activities by reason of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to last for the duration of such person's life. If such person is not eligible for such certification by any of the above mentioned agencies, a sworn affidavit, by two (2) medical doctors licensed to practice medicine in the commonwealth, to the effect that such person is so totally and permanently disabled is acceptable, so long as the affidavit of at least one such doctor is based upon a physical examination of such person by such doctor. 2. That this amendment to the Roanoke County Code shall be effective from and after its adoption. Page 2 of 3 AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION CENTER ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2013 RESOLUTION 092413-9 DENYING POLICIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROANOKE COUNTY PROJECTS OR THE ADOPTION OF COUNTY ORDINANCES WHEREAS, private property ownership is the foundation of individual liberty for American citizens; and WHEREAS, in 2012 the citizens of the Commonwealth of Virginia voted to amend Article 1, Section 11 of the Constitution of Virginia further defining "public uses" and that no private property shall be damaged or taken for public use without just compensation; and what is prescribed in Roanoke County zoning and other requirements; and WHEREAS, the County intends to manage growth in a positive way acting conservatively and with deliberation when making decisions that will affect our quality of life and that of our children's children as stated in Chapter 2 of the Roanoke County Comprehensive Plan; and WHEREAS, the County seeks to empower our citizens to protect and maintain their neighborhoods and communities from actions that might be a detriment to their peace and tranquility; and WHEREAS, the County has adopted ordinances and programs to preserve the integrity of the surrounding mountains and open space as emphasized in the Roanoke County Comprehensive Plan: Resource Preservation; and Page 1 of 7 WHEREAS, the County supports the "right to farm" as found in the Code of Virginia 3.2-301 and encourages mutual respect among farmers, non-farm owners and rural visitors to protect individual property rights, responsibilities and privacy; and WHEREAS, the County seeks to bring a higher degree of communication and transparency between elected or appointed officials and the neighbors affected by zoning and site plan decisions. This is to be done by improving and clarifying the procedures used by both the Planning Commission and the Board of Supervisors Comprehensive Plan goal: To achieve the highest possible level of citizen participation in all elements of Roanoke County government by keeping our citizens informed and educated on public policy issues and maintaining an open, democratic, and easily accessible governmental system; and WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County hereby agrees to establish the following policies for the implementation and development of County projects. NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the Roanoke County Board of Supervisors as follows: 1) That the Roanoke County Planning Commission develop an Operating Guide or Detailed Procedures for the conduct of meetings; and that citizens be made recordings are available for review at the Roanoke County Administration Building on Bernard Drive, by appointment. Also, these procedures should make Page 2 of 7 it clear that citizens are encouraged to fully express their views on proposed changes. 2) That the Roanoke County Planning Commission and Roanoke County Board of Supervisors require that their detailed Agendas for upcoming meetings and their archived meeting minutes include instructions for searching words or phrases inside their long Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. Written instructions are needed to help the public readily access the information and its potential significance. 3) That Roanoke County residential or agriculturally zoned areas may not be rezoned to commercial or industrial zoning without public notice and public hearings held by the County in the immediate affected area in order to receive public input, prior to the fulfillment of all other rezoning requirements in State Code. The vision and other provisions of the Comprehensive Plan shall also be reviewed at the meetings held by the County on any potential rezoning from residential or agricultural land use. Prime natural assets such as rivers, lakes, parks, and mountains may not be rezoned to commercial or utility use unless there is documented potential quality of life and other cost-benefits to the public in support thereof. 4) That Roanoke County require in the event of a significant rezoning, affected property owners be notified in writing prior to Planning Commission review, and the property owners will be provided an opportunity to participate in an information session where particulars of the plan and possible impact will be available for review. Property owners and/or their representatives may present Page 3 of 7 their opinions of the proposed zoning changes to the Planning Commission and the number of citizen responses and their opinions must be reported by the Planning Commission to the Board of Supervisors as they consider the change. 5) That the Roanoke County Planning Commission and Roanoke County Board of Supervisors establish new time limits for speakers participating in rezoning and site plan development activities. Specifically: a) Registered Associations: Recommend up to 10 minutes be allocated for with the county. Others members may register on the Speakers List, as individuals, and speak as individuals. b) Registered Individuals: Recommend all individuals who are appearing on their own behalf or on behalf of a business shall be allocated 3 minutes to address the Commission. 6) That the Roanoke County Planning Commission establish a Site Plan Review Committee (SPRC) process to be available as a tool for the County Board to vary the uses, heights, setbacks, density, and form of development for proposed site plan exceptions and rezonings. Each zoning area in Roanoke County permits a - Beyond this, certain zoning flexibility and use, density, and form of development. The key to the success of the Site Plan Review Process is that additional development rights serve as an incentive to seek a special exception by site plan and participate in the process. The additional development rights available through a site plan exception are the Page 4 of 7 incentive for the developer to participate in the site plan review process, and the review and negotiation process allows the County to better achieve its goals set forth in The Comprehensive Plan. 7) The SPRC shall be comprised of a SPRC Chair, citizen members, and representatives of the civic groups and neighborhood organizations in Roanoke County impacted by proposed rezoning or site plan exceptions, as a mechanism such proposals prior to the formal public hearings held by the Planning Commission and County Board of Supervisors. A special emphasis is to be placed on inviting citizens to participate in SPRC meetings for proposed site plan exceptions and rezonings. Members of the SPRC will be chosen by the group requesting a review. The review will be conducted by county staff and the SPRC for review when the plan is presented to the Planning Commission. 8) The Site Plan Review Committee process provides a forum in which the site plan groups can review, discuss, and comment on proposed site plan exceptions and rezonings, to advise the Planning Commission on the SPRC consensus (pro or con) and any outstanding issues or potential significant community concerns or conditions that warrant further consideration. 9) Also, the Site Plan Review Committee shall make available in a location to be determined by the County Administrator all proposed design documents and citizens not be able to participate in SPRC meetings. The site plan review Page 5 of 7 process ends with a formal public hearing before the Planning Commission and the results being documented and reported to the County Board of Supervisors. 10) That the Roanoke County Board of Supervisors should state why the community reach a decision contrary to the civic orga representative. 11) representative of a neighborhood or community group or someone very knowledgeable on the applicable issue, to assist the Board member sponsoring the proposed resolution or ordinance and to add increased perspective (pro and 12) That no County officer or employee shall enter upon private property except as authorized by law. Police emergencies, fire events, warrants issued by the sheriff, property inspections and normal social service visits are conducted as required without advance notice. Non-emergency visits to private property must be conducted during the normal work day with advance notice to the property owner. Exceptions to this policy may be granted by the County Administrator and such exceptions must be approved by a majority of the Board of Supervisors. Page 6 of 7