HomeMy WebLinkAbout5/13/2014 - RegularRoanoke County
Board of Supervisors
May 13, 2014
INVOCATION:MaharajSharma
The India Heritage Society
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES FLAG
Disclaimer:
“Any invocation that may be offered before the official start of the Board meeting
shall be the voluntary offering of a private citizen, to and for the benefit of the
Board. The views or beliefs expressed by the invocation speaker have not been
previously reviewed or approved by the Board and do not necessarily represent
the religious beliefs or views of the Board in part or as a whole. No member of
the community is required to attend or participate in the invocation and such
decision will have no impact on their right to actively participate in the business of
the Board.”
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Roanoke County
Board of Supervisors
Agenda
May 132014
Good afternoon and welcome to our meeting for May 13, 2014.Regular meetings are
held on the second and fourth Tuesday at 3:00 p.m. Public hearings are held at 7:00
p.m. on the fourth Tuesday of each month. Deviations from this schedulewill be
announced.The meetings are broadcast live on RVTV, Channel 3, and will be
rebroadcast on Thursday at 7:00 p.m. and on Saturday at 4:00 p.m. Board of
Supervisors meetings can also be viewed online through Roanoke County’s website at
www.RoanokeCountyVA.gov.Our meetings are closed-captioned, so it is important for
everyone to speak directly into the microphones at the podium.Individuals who require
assistance or special arrangements to participate in or attend Board of Supervisors
meetings should contact the Clerk to the Board at (540) 772-2005 at least 48 hours in
advance. Please turn all cell phones off or place on silent.
A.OPENING CEREMONIES (3:00 p.m.)
1. Roll Call
B.REQUESTS TO POSTPONE, ADD TOOR CHANGE THE ORDER OF
AGENDA ITEMS
C.PROCLAMATIONS, RESOLUTIONS, RECOGNITIONS AND AWARDS
1.Proclamation declaring the week of May 18 through 24, 2014, as Emergency
Medical Services Week in the County of Roanoke(Richard E. Burch, Jr.,
Chief of Fire and Rescue)
2.Representatives from the American National University in Salem will present
Fire and Rescue Department with their Distinguished Community Employer
award(Richard E. Burch, Jr., Chief of Fire and Rescue)
3.Proclamationdeclaring the monthof May as National Cooperative Extension
Centennial Celebration Month (B. Clayton Goodman III, County Administrator)
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D.BRIEFINGS
E.NEW BUSINESS
1.Request to adopt the Roanoke County SchoolBudget for the fiscal year
2014-2015(Rebecca Owens, Director of Finance; C. Drew Barrineau,
Chairman, Roanoke County School Board; Dr. Lorraine Lange,
Superintendent of Schools and Penny Hodge, Assistant Superintendent of
Finance, Roanoke County Schools)
2.Resolution adopting the Virginia Stormwater Permit Application Schedule
(Arnold Covey, Director of Development)
3.Resolution adopting a Stormwater Management Design Manual for Roanoke
County to be effective July 1, 2014(Tarek Monier, Deputy Director of
Development)
4.Request to adopt a Resolution to Virginia Retirement System (VRS)
approving the employer contribution rate option for thebiennium beginning
July 1, 2014(Rebecca Owens, Director of Finance)
5.Resolution supporting Congressional action to enact E-Fairness Legislation in
support of local brick and mortar businesses with Roanoke County(B.
Clayton Goodman III, County Administrator)
F.FIRST READING OF ORDINANCES
1.Ordinance to appropriate funds for the fiscal year 2014-2015budget and
approval of the Classification Plan for fiscal year 2014-2015(W. Brent
Robertson, Director of Management and Budget)
2.Ordinance accepting and appropriating grant funds in the amount of
$1,279,503 from the Federal Regional Surface Transportation Program to the
Department of Community Development for fiscal years 2014-2016 for the
Plantation Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and Streetscape Improvement Project
(David Holladay, Planning Administrator)
3.Ordinance accepting and appropriating grant funds in the amount of $511,130
from the FederalTransportation Alternatives Program to the Department of
Community Development for fiscal years 2013-2014 for the Plantation Road
Bicycle, Pedestrian and Streetscape Improvement Project(David Holladay,
Planning Administrator)
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4.Ordinance accepting and appropriating funds in the amount of $17,860.48
from The Roanoke Valley Career Education Consortium to Roanoke County
Public Schools for dissolution of the consortium(Rebecca Owens, Director of
Finance)
5.Ordinance accepting and appropriating grant funds in the amount of
$10,222.63 from the Virginia Department of Education to Roanoke County
Public Schools for Mentor Teacher Programs (Rebecca Owens, Director of
Finance)
6.Ordinance accepting and appropriating $2,000 from the Virginia Department
of Education to Roanoke County Public Schools for the Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Teacher Recruitment and Retention
Incentive Continuing Awards(Rebecca Owens, Director of Finance)
7.Ordinance accepting and appropriating $3,120 to Roanoke County Public
Schools for Elementary Gifted and Talented for the 2013-2014 school year
(Rebecca Owens, Director of Finance)
8.Ordinance accepting and appropriating donations in the amount of $250 from
citizens donating in the memory of Mr. Michael H. Farris for medical supplies
for Fire/Rescue Station 7 (Clearbrook)(Richard E. Burch, Jr., Chief of Fire
and Rescue)
9.Ordinance authorizing the issuance of not to exceed $20,000,000 of General
Obligation School Bonds to be sold to the Virginia Public School Authority
(VPSA) and appropriation of funds in the amount of $22,255,000 forthe
renovation of Glenvar High School(Rebecca Owens, Director of Finance)
G.APPOINTMENTS
1.Board of Zoning Appeals (appointed by District)
2.Capital Improvement Program (CIP) Review Committee (appointed by
District)
3.Parks, Recreation and Tourism Advisory Commission (appointed by District)
4.Planning Commission (appointed by District)
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H.CONSENT AGENDA
ALL MATTERS LISTED UNDER THE CONSENT AGENDAARE CONSIDERED
BY THE BOARD TO BE ROUTINE AND WILL BE ENACTED BY ONE
RESOLUTION IN THE FORM OR FORMS LISTED BELOW. IF DISCUSSION
IS DESIRED, THAT ITEM WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT
AGENDA AND WILL BE CONSIDERED SEPARATELY
1.Approval of minutes –March 18, 2014; March 25, 2014
2.Confirmation of appointments to the Board of Zoning Appeals (appointed by
District); Parks Recreation and Tourism Advisory Commission (appointed by
District)and the Planning Commission (appointed by District)
3.Resolution expressing the appreciation of the Board of Supervisors of
Roanoke County to Billy McDaniel, Building Maintenance Technician, upon
his retirement after more than thirty-seven (37) years of service
4.Resolution requesting acceptance of Stonecreek Way into the Virginia
Department of Transportation (VDOT) Secondary System
I.REQUESTS FOR WORK SESSIONS
J.REQUESTS FOR PUBLIC HEARINGS
1.Public hearing on amending the fiscal year 2013-2014 Budget(Paul M.
Mahoney, County Attorney)
K.CITIZENS’ COMMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS
L.REPORTS
1. General Fund Unappropriated Balance
2.Capital Reserves
3.Reserve for Board Contingency
4.Quarterly Report –Community Development Activities
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M.REPORTS AND INQUIRIES OF BOARD MEMBERS
1. P. Jason Peters
2. Charlotte A. Moore
3. Al Bedrosian
4.Joseph B. “Butch” Church
5. Joseph P. McNamara
N.WORK SESSIONS
1.Work session on Roanoke County’s Secondary Roads System Six-Year
Improvement Plan for fiscal years 2015-2020 (David Holladay, Planning
Administrator)
2.Work session with the Stormwater Management Committee (Tarek Moneir,
Deputy Director of Planning)
O.CLOSED MEETING, pursuant to the Code of Virginia as follows:
1.Section 2.2-3711.A.1, To discuss and consider the employment, appointment
and resignation of specific public officers, appointees, or employees
2.Section 2.2.3711.A.1 namely discussionconcerning an appointment to the
Court Community Corrections Alcohol Safety Action Policy Board, Parks,
Recreation and TourismAdvisory Commission, Roanoke Valley Regional
Juvenile Detention Commission, Roanoke Valley-Alleghany Regional
Commission, Roanoke Valley AreaMetropolitan Planning Organization,
Virginia Western Community College Board, Virginia’s First Regional
Industrial Facility Authority, Western Virginia Water Authority
P.CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION
Q.ADJOURNMENT
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C-1
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Roanoke County
Public Schools
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School Board Members
C. Drew Barrineau, Chairman
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Michael W. Stovall, Vice Chairman
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Jerry L. Canada
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H. Odell “Fuzzy” Minnix
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David M. Wymer
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Dr. Lorraine S. Lange
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Penny A. Hodge, CPA, SFO
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David E. Atkins
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Susan L. Peterson, CPA
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[[[VGWOZEYW
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
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MEETING DATE
: May 8, 2014
AGENDA ITEM:
Request to Revise Adopted FY 2014-15 School Budget
SUMMARY OF INFORMATION
:
The School Board is required by state code to adopt an annual
school budget and submit to the local governing body by April 1 of each year. The proposed school
budget for 2014-15 reflects revenues based on aid for education released on February 21, 2014 via
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the Virginia Department of Education. The General Assembly adjourned on March 8 without
adopting a state budget, reconvened on March 24 for a special session, and adjourned again
without adopting a state budget. The school budget presented this evening is based on the lowest
funding level which was included in the House version. This budget is expected to be amended
and approved by the School Board upon final adoption of the state budget by the General
Assembly at a yet to be determined future date.
The revised General Fund budget of $135,738,864 reflects an increase of $1,939,812 or 1.4% more
than the preceding year. The revenue changes include the following:
Increase in the local appropriation from the County Board of Supervisors of $1,052,107
using the new revenue sharing formula approved recently by both boards. The transfer
included in the budget presented on March 27, 2014 was $880,572. The increase of
$171,535 will be used to eliminate the remainder of the health reserve transfer ($60,178),
provide funding for the Superintendent replacement search ($50,000), and set aside funding
for the hiring of the new Superintendent prior to June 30, 2015 contingent upon future
School Board action ($61,357).
Increase in state funding of $2,438,119 (offset almost entirely by an increase in mandated
state retirement premiums).
Increase in federal revenues of $10,000 from the federal Air Force Junior ROTC
reimbursement program.
Increase in other revenues of $39,702 reflecting several revisions in recurring tuition based
programs as well as new revenues from the rental of school facilities and fees for services.
Decrease in the allocation from health reserves of $1,865,116 which was used in prior years
to offset increases in the health and dental insurance premiums funded by the School Board
and subsidize salary increases. The School Board has eliminated reliance on a non-
recurring funding source in this revised operating budget. In addition, this budget includes
the one-time use of $265,000 in health reserve funds for a retention and recruiting bonus of
$1,000 to be awarded to bus drivers, bus aides, and cafeteria workers who were impacted
by the reduction in full-time benefits.
The school budget for 2014-15 will be increased for certain expenditures including the following:
2% baseline salary increases for contracted full and part-time employees
Mandatory Virginia Retirement System (VRS) premium increases
Annual and final increase in the capital improvement joint financing plan in partnership with
the Board of Supervisors
Increase in nursing coverage at each school (from 5 hours, 20 minutes to 5 hours, 50
minutes plus 30 minute lunch break)
Replacement of servers, networking, teacher computers, and computer carts per the
Technology Assessment Plan
1
Although the proposed budget does not include school closings or layoffs of full-time contracted
employees, it does assume ongoing hiring restraint while positions that are being voluntarily
vacated through resignation or retirement continue to be analyzed for possible elimination. Budget
cuts made to balance to the state, federal, and local funding levels for the school division include
the following:
Reduction in non-personnel departmental operating budgets of approximately 2%
Expansion in custodial out-sourcing program during the current year with more schools to
be added as vacancies in custodial staffing occur
Permanent reduction in accumulated personnel savings from elimination of positions
through attrition
Reduction in fuel budget by incorporating a pricing methodology that locks in diesel fuel
rates for the following year ensuring budget stability in this expenditure area
Reduction in early retirement incentive program that requires all employees on a contract of
more than 200 days to work all program days in the following year before a replacement is
hired
Continued leasing of technology purchases to spread the cost over four years and ease into
a refresh program for devices that now serve as the vehicle for accessing instructional
resources (no new student laptop computers are scheduled to be purchased in 2014-15)
Revised definition of part-time contract employees set at 30 hours per week with
corresponding reduction in provision of full-time benefits to part-time employees
The General Assembly has not adopted a state budget with funding for a salary increase for school
employees to date. Roanoke County School employee baseline salaries were frozen in 2009-10,
2010-11, 2011-12, and 2013-14 with one salary increase of 3.75% approved in 2012-13. The
School Board, in agreement with the Board of Supervisors at a joint meeting in February, identified
employee salary increases as a top priority in this budget. To that end, the General Fund budget
reflects salary and benefit adjustments including the following:
2% salary increase for contracted school employees.
Increase in health and dental insurance premiums in 2014-15 for the first time in six years.
The School Board subsidized the annual rate increases when funding for salary increases
was unattainable over the past five years.
Legally mandated increases in the Virginia Retirement System retirement, life insurance,
and retiree health credit premiums.
Retention and recruiting bonus of $1,000 for bus drivers, bus aides, and cafeteria workers
impacted by the reduction in full-time benefits. The bonus will be paid to retained
employees in December 2014 and also used for recruiting of new employees in these
specific jobs for employment at the beginning of the 2014-15 school year.
Information on the Other Funds:
Grants
– This fund reflects grant awards the school district is highly likely to be awarded based on
past participation. A lump sum grant appropriation of $150,000 is included in this budget for
potential mid-year grant awards. However, all mid-year grants will require School Board approval
before they are accepted by the school division.
School Nutrition
– This fund is self-supporting with sales of breakfasts and lunches to students
and staff. As required by federal law, it is expected the price of lunches will be increased by ten
cents in 2014-15 under the federal price equity regulations. This is not a voluntary increase but is
2
required under the law. The School Board has agreed to fund a one-time retention and recruiting
bonus of $1,000 for cafeteria employees that were impacted by the revised definition of full-time
employment. The bonus will be funded with current health reserves and will not be charged to the
School Nutrition Fund. It is expected that the bonus will be paid to retained employees and for
recruiting new employees in two installments in December 2014 and June 2015.
Instructional Resources
–The local match for textbooks has been level funded and the focus on
providing digital resources whenever appropriate will continue.
Capital
– This fund includes the joint funding of the Bogle field artificial turf reserve by the School
Board and Board of Supervisors, state technology capital grant, softdrink commission project grant,
and rental of educational broadband lines.
Debt
– This fund reflects the payment of principal and interest for all school debt and is jointly
funded by the School Board and Board of Supervisors.
Laptop Insurance Reserve
– This fund reflects the self-insured student laptop fee and warranty
reimbursements for the student laptop program. The take home laptop program for grades 9-12 will
continue with the laptop insurance fee remaining at $50 per year. The student fees will be applied
to the lease payment for the student laptops purchased in 2013-14.
School Buses
– The annual allocation for bus purchases will be level funded and reflect the third
year of reduced funding for bus replacements. The School Board may choose to allocate funding
from other sources including year-end balance or minor capital to purchase buses. The School
Board will reevaluate the bus replacement plan at a later date.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:
Staff recommends adoption of the revised budget for 2014-15. In
addition, staff recommends that all funded outstanding encumbrances, both operating and capital,
at June 30, 2014, are re-appropriated to the 2014-15 fiscal year to the same department and
account for which they were encumbered in the previous year. This will allow budgeted amounts
for purchases of goods near the end of the year to be rolled into the next budget year to cover the
invoices received after year-end.
3
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Budget Planning
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Superintendent’s Budget Committee
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Senior Staff Budget Committee
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Employee Advisory Committee
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Employee Advisory Committee (continued)
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Budget Adoption
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WIWWMSRWMR*IFVYEV]ERHIEVP]1EVGL3RSVFIJSVI%TVMPSJIEGL]IEVXLI7GLSSP&SEVHEHSTXW
XLIRI\XJMWGEP]IEVvWFYHKIXERHWYFQMXWXSXLI&SEVHSJ7YTIVZMWSVWJSVETTVSZEP8LIWGLSSP
HMZMWMSRSTIVEXIWEWEPIKEPP]WITEVEXIGSQTSRIRXYRMX,S[IZIVXLIWGLSSPHMZMWMSRMWJMWGEPP]
HITIRHIRXYTSRXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI[MXLETTVS\MQEXIP] SJXLIWGLSSPFYHKIXJYRHIHF]
PSGEPXE\IW8LIJMREPEHSTXMSRERHETTVSTVMEXMSRSGGYVMR1E]SJIEGL]IEV-RXLIWGLSSP
W]WXIQVIGIMZIHMXWIMKLXL%WWSGMEXMSRSJ7GLSSP&YWMRIWW3JJMGMEPW-RXIVREXMSREP
%7&3
1IVMXSVMSYW&YHKIX%[EVHJSV)\GIPPIRGIMRXLITVITEVEXMSRERHMWWYERGISJXLIWGLSSP
W]WXIQ%RRYEP&YHKIXHSGYQIRX8LIE[EVHVITVIWIRXWEWMKRMJMGERXEGLMIZIQIRXF]6SERSOI
'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPWERHVIJPIGXWXLIGSQQMXQIRXSJXLIWGLSSPHMZMWMSRERHWXEJJXSQIIXMRKXLI
LMKLIWXWXERHEVHWSJWGLSSPFYHKIXMRK
Budget Implementation
8LIJMWGEP]IEVFIKMRWSR.YP]SJIEGL]IEV[LIRXLIRI[P]EHSTXIHFYHKIXFIGSQIWEZEMPEFPIJSV
WTIRHMRK(ITEVXQIRXEHQMRMWXVEXSVWVIGIMZIQSRXLP]VITSVXW[LMGLVIJPIGXXLIFYHKIXIHEQSYRX
]IEVXSHEXII\TIRHMXYVIWIRGYQFVERGIWERHXLIEQSYRXVIQEMRMRKJSVI\TIRHMXYVI9TSRVIZMI[
SJXLIWIVITSVXWXLIEHQMRMWXVEXSVWQE]VIUYIWXFYHKIXXVERWJIVWXSEPMKRXLIFYHKIX[MXLXLIMV
WTIRHMRKTVMSVMXMIW8LIFSEVHQIQFIVWVIGIMZIQSRXLP]ERHUYEVXIVP]VITSVXWSJVIZIRYIWERH
I\TIRHMXYVIWXSHEXI
Budget Evaluation
8LIPEWXWXITMRXLIFYHKIXTVSGIWWMWXLIIZEPYEXMSRSJXLIJMRERGMEPTPER8LIVIWYPXWSJSTIVEXMSR
JSVXLIJMWGEP]IEVEVIVITSVXIHERRYEPP]MRXLI7GLSSP&SEVHvW'SQTVILIRWMZI%RRYEP*MRERGMEP
6ITSVX
'%*6
[LMGLMWEYHMXIHF]EGIVXMJMIHTYFPMGEGGSYRXMRKJMVQ8LI7YTIVMRXIRHIRXvW
%RRYEP7GLSSP6ITSVXMWEPWSTVITEVIHERRYEPP]MREGGSVHERGI[MXLVIKYPEXMSRWWIXF]XLI:MVKMRME
+IRIVEP%WWIQFP]*SVXLITEWXXLMVXIIR]IEVW6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPWLEWVIGIMZIHX[S
TVIWXMKMSYWE[EVHWJSVMXW'%*68LIJMVWXE[EVHMWXLI'IVXMJMGEXISJ)\GIPPIRGIMR*MRERGMEP
6ITSVXMRKJVSQXLI%WWSGMEXMSRSJ7GLSSP&YWMRIWW3JJMGMEPW-RXIVREXMSREP
%7&3
8LMWMWER
MRXIVREXMSREPE[EVHXLEXVIGSKRM^IWI\GIPPIRGIMRTVITEVEXMSRERHMWWYERGISJWGLSSPW]WXIQ
JMRERGMEPVITSVXW8LIWIGSRHE[EVHVIGIMZIHMWXLI'IVXMJMGEXISJ%GLMIZIQIRXJSV)\GIPPIRGIMR
*MRERGMEP6ITSVXMRKJVSQXLI+SZIVRQIRX*MRERGI3JJMGIVW%WWSGMEXMSR
+*3%
SJXLI9RMXIH
7XEXIWERH'EREHE8LI'IVXMJMGEXISJ%GLMIZIQIRXMWEREXMSREPE[EVHXLEXVIGSKRM^IW
GSRJSVQERGI[MXLXLILMKLIWXWXERHEVHWJSVTVITEVEXMSRSJWXEXIERHPSGEPKSZIVRQIRXJMRERGMEP
VITSVXW
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
&YHKIX(IZIPSTQIRX4VSGIWW
FY 2014-15 Special Considerations
8LI+IRIVEP%WWIQFP]EHNSYVRIHXLIMVVIKYPEVPIKMWPEXMZIWIWWMSRSR1EVGL [MXLSYX
EHSTXMRKEWXEXIFYHKIX8LI]VIGSRZIRIHSR1EVGLERHEVIMRXLITVSGIWWSJLEQQIVMRKSYX
EGSQTVSQMWIFYHKIXXLEXGERFIZSXIHSRF]XLI,SYWIERH7IREXIEXWSQIJYXYVIHEXI
8LIIRGPSWIHFYHKIXHSGYQIRXVITVIWIRXWERIWXMQEXISJXLIVIZIRYIWERHI\TIRHMXYVIWSJXLI
WGLSSPW]WXIQJSVFEWIHSRMRGSQTPIXIMRJSVQEXMSRSRWXEXIVIZIRYIW-XMWTVIWIRXIHXS
WEXMWJ]XLIWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXXSWYFQMXEWGLSSPW]WXIQFYHKIXXSXLIPSGEPKSZIVRMRKFSH]F]
%TVMPSJIEGL]IEV-XMWERXMGMTEXIHXLEXXLI7GLSSP&SEVH[MPPEQIRHXLMWFYHKIXXSVIJPIGXXLI
JMREPWXEXIEPPSGEXMSREXWSQIJYXYVIHEXI[LIRXLI+IRIVEP%WWIQFP]LEWVIWSPZIHXLIFYHKIX
MWWYIWERHEHSTXIHEWXEXIFYHKIX
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
&EWMWSJ4VIWIRXEXMSR
8LIEGGSYRXMRKW]WXIQSJXLI6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPHMZMWMSRMWSVKERM^IHERHSTIVEXIHSR
XLIFEWMWSJWIPJFEPERGMRKEGGSYRXW[LMGLGSQTVMWIMXWEWWIXWPMEFMPMXMIWJYRHFEPERGIWVIZIRYIW
ERHI\TIRHMXYVIWEWETTVSTVMEXI7GLSSPW]WXIQVIWSYVGIWEVIEPPSGEXIHXSERHEGGSYRXIHJSVMR
MRHMZMHYEPJYRHWFEWIHYTSRXLITYVTSWIJSV[LMGLXLI]EVIXSFIWTIRXERHXLIQIERWF][LMGL
WTIRHMRKEGXMZMXMIWEVIGSRXVSPPIH8LIZEVMSYWJYRHWEVIEWJSPPS[W
General Fund
8LI+IRIVEP*YRHGSRWMWXWSJXLIRIGIWWEV]I\TIRHMXYVIWJSVXLIHE]XSHE]STIVEXMSRWSJXLI
7GLSSP7]WXIQJSVXLIYTGSQMRKJMWGEP]IEV8LMWMRGPYHIWGSWXWWYGLEWXIEGLIVWEPEVMIWWYTTPMIW
IUYMTQIRXERHSXLIVSTIVEXMRKGSWXW
Grants Fund
8LI+VERXW*YRHEGGSYRXWJSVJIHIVEPWXEXIERHTVMZEXIKVERXWXSTVSZMHIGVMXMGEPWYTTSVXJSVXLI
MRWXVYGXMSREPTVSKVEQ
School Nutrition Fund
8LI7GLSSP2YXVMXMSR*YRHEGGSYRXWJSVXLIVIZIRYIWERHI\TIRHMXYVIWRIGIWWEV]XSSTIVEXIWGLSSP
GEJIXIVMEW8LITVMQEV]WSYVGISJJYRHMRKJSVXLMWFYHKIXGSQIWJVSQGEJIXIVMEWEPIWERHJIHIVEP
VIMQFYVWIQIRXWJSVJVIIERHVIHYGIHPYRGLIW8LMWJYRHMWWIPJWYTTSVXMRK,S[IZIVJSV*=
XLI7GLSSP&SEVHETTVSZIHJYRHMRKJSVVIXIRXMSRVIGVYMXMRKFSRYWIWJSVRYXVMXMSRXLVSYKLYWISJ
LIEPXLVIWIVZIW
Instructional Resources Fund
8LI-RWXVYGXMSREP6IWSYVGIW*YRHGSRWMWXWSJXLIGSWXWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLITYVGLEWISJRI[
XI\XFSSOW
MRLEVHGST]SVHMKMXEPJSVQEX
ERHGSRWYQEFPIMRWXVYGXMSREPQEXIVMEPWVIPEXIHXSXLI
WYFNIGXEVIEW8LMWJYRHMWWYFWMHM^IHF]XLI7GLSSP+IRIVEP*YRHXLVSYKLERMRXIVJYRHXVERWJIV
Capital Fund
8LI'ETMXEP*YRHVITVIWIRXWWXEXIJYRHMRKJSVXIGLRSPSK]ERHWQEPPGETMXEPTVSNIGXW
Debt Fund
8LI(IFX*YRHVITVIWIRXWXLITE]QIRXSJTVMRGMTEPERHMRXIVIWXJSVPSERWYWIHXSFYMPHVIRSZEXI
WGLSSPJEGMPMXMIW
Laptop Insurance Reserves Fund
8LI-RWYVERGI6IWIVZIW*YRHMRGPYHIWXLIWXYHIRXMRWYVERGIJIIPETXSTGSQTYXIV[EVVERX]
VIMQFYVWIQIRXWERHXLIVIPEXIHVITPEGIQIRXSJTEVXWERHFEXXIVMIW
School Bus Fund
8LI7GLSSP&YW*YRHEGGSYRXWJSVWGLSSPFYWVITPEGIQIRXW
6SERSOI'SYRX]7GLSSPW
&YHKIX7YQQEV]%PP*YRHW
*=
&YHKIX&YHKIX-RGVIEWI4IVGIRX
*YRH
(IGVIEWI
'LERKI
+IRIVEP*YRH
+VERXW*YRH
7GLSSP2YXVMXMSR*YRH
-RWXVYGXMSREP6IWSYVGIW*YRH
'ETMXEP*YRH
(IFX*YRH
0ETXST-RWYVERGI6IWIVZIW*YRH
7GLSSP&YW*YRH
8SXEP*YRHW
%PP7GLSSP*YRHW
+VERXW*YRH
7GLSSP2YXVMXMSR*YRH
-RWXVYGXMSREP6IWSYVGIW
*YRH
'ETMXEP*YRH
(IFX*YRH
+IRIVEP
*YRH
0ETXST-RWYVERGI6IWIVZIW
*YRH
7GLSSP&YW*YRH
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH6IZIRYIW4IV4YTMP
*=
&YHKIX&YHKIX4IVGIRXSJ6IZIRYI
4IV4YTMP
7XEXI7EPIW8E\
7XEXI6IZIRYI
*IHIVEP6IZIRYI
8VERWJIVJVSQ'SYRX]
3XLIV6IZIRYI
8VERWJIVW-R
8SXEP6IZIRYIW
13,801
)WXMQEXIH%ZIVEKI(EMP]1IQFIVWLMT
3XLIV6IZIRYI
8VERWJIVW-R
7EPIW8E\
8VERWJIVJVSQ
'SYRX]
7XEXI6IZIRYI
*IHIVEP6IZIRYI
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH6IZIRYIW
*=
ActualActualActualBudgetBudgetIncrease
2010-112011-122012-132013-142014-15(Decrease)
State SOQ Revenues
7XEXI7EPIW8E\
7XEXI&EWMG%MH
735:SGEXMSREP)HYGEXMSR
7357TIGMEP)HYGEXMSR
735+MJXIH)HYGEXMSR
7356IQIHMEP)HYGEXMSR
6IXMVIQIRX
7SGMEP7IGYVMX]
+VSYT0MJI
7356IQIHMEP7YQQIV7GLSSP
7YTTSVXJSV7GLSSP3TIVEXMRKGSWXW
0'-,SPH,EVQPIWW
8SXEP7356IZIRYIW
Lottery Funded Programs:
%X6MWO
*SWXIV,SQI'LMPHVIR
7TIGMEP)H6IKMSREP8YMXMSR
:SG)H7XEXI)UYMTQIRX
:SG)H7XEXI%HYPX)HYGEXMSR
:SG)H7XEXI3GGYT8IGL)H
6IKMSREP%PXIVREXMZI7GLSSP
(MWTEVMX] /
)RKPMWLEWE7IGSRH0ERKYEKI
8SXEP-RGIRXMZI6IZIRYI
State Categorical Revenues
,SQIFSYRH4E]QIRXW
7XEXI+VERX6IZIRYI
8SXEP'EXIKSVMGEP6IZIRYI
8SXEP7XEXI6IZIRYI
Local Revenue
0SGEP%TTVSTVMEXMSR'SYRX]
8VERWJIVJVSQ'ETMXEP*YRH
8VERWJIVJVSQ%PXIVREXMZI7GLSSP
8VERWJIVJVSQ-RXIVREP7ZG3TIVEXMSRW
8VERWJIVJVSQ-RXIVREP7ZG3RI8MQI
8SXEP0SGEP6IZIRYI
12
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH6IZIRYIW
*=
ActualActualActualBudgetBudgetIncrease
2010-112011-122012-132013-142014-15(Decrease)
Federal Revenue
1IHMGEMH6IMQFYVWIQIRX
1IHMGEMH%HQMRMWXVEXMZI'PEMQMRK
1IHMGEMH'SWX6ITSVX
%*.638'6IMQFYVWIQIRX
*IHIVEP0ERH9WI
*IHIVEP+VERXW
:SG)H'EVP4IVOMRW%GX
*IHIVEP7XMQYPYW
%66%
8SXEP*IHIVEP6IZIRYI
Other Revenue
-RXIVIWX-RGSQI
7XYHIRX4EVOMRK*IIW
8VERWGVMTX*IIW
6IRXEPSJ7GLSSP4VSTIVX]
8YMXMSR6IKYPEV7GLSSP
8YMXMSR7YQQIV7GLSSP
8YMXMSR7YQQIV4L]WMGEP)H
8IEGLIV'IVXMJMGEXMSR
-RHYWXV]'IVXMJMGEXMSRW
8YMXMSR%HYPX)HYGEXMSR
8YMXMSR4VIWGLSSP
0)%4
6SERSOI'SYRX]8EYFQER
3XLIV1MWGIPPERISYW6IZIRYI
)VEXI6IMQFYVWIQIRX
&SKPI*MIPH6IGSZIVIH'SWXW
8YMXMSRJVSQ3XLIV0SGEPMXMIW
'SPPIKI(E]
8YMXMSR+MJXIH
3RPMRI,MKL7GLSSP8YMXMSR
8SXEP3XLIV6IZIRYI
Total General Fund Revenue
13
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH)\TIRHMXYVIWF]&YHKIX'EXIKSVMIW
8LIIHYGEXMSRSJWXYHIRXWMWEPEFSVMRXIRWMZISTIVEXMSRXLEXMWVIJPIGXIHMRXLIEPPSGEXMSR
SJXLIJMRERGMEPVIWSYVGIWSJXLIWGLSSPW]WXIQ*SVXLIJMWGEP]IEVGSRXVEGX
WEPEVMIWERHJVMRKIFIRIJMXWVITVIWIRX SJI\TIRHMXYVIWMRXLISTIVEXMRKFYHKIX8LI
QENSVHITEVXQIRXFYHKIXEVIEWEVIHIWGVMFIHFIPS[
Classroom Instruction
I\TIRHMXYVIWMRGPYHIGPEWWVSSQI\TIRHMXYVIWSXLIVXLERTIVWSRRIP
WYGLEWXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJGYVVMGYPYQERHMRWXVYGXMSREPTVSKVEQW[LMGLWYTTSVXXLI
WXERHEVHWSJUYEPMX]ERHXLIEHQMRMWXVEXMSRSJWGLSSPWERHTVSKVEQWMRGSQTPMERGI[MXL
WXEXIJIHIVEPERHWGLSSPFSEVHQERHEXIWTSPMGMIWERHKYMHIPMRIW'PEWWVSSQMRWXVYGXMSR
EPWSMRGPYHIWI\TIRHMXYVIWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLIHYGEXMSREPXIWXMRKGEVIIVIHYGEXMSR
TVSKVEQWWTIGMEPIHYGEXMSRWIVZMGIWLSQIFSYRHMRWXVYGXMSRERHKYMHERGIWIVZMGIW
Personnel
MWXLIPEVKIWXI\TIRHMXYVIMRXLIWGLSSPSTIVEXMRKJYRH8LIWIHITEVXQIRXW
MRGPYHIXLIWEPEV]ERHJVMRKIFIRIJMXGSWXWJSVGPEWWVSSQTIVWSRRIPMRWXVYGXMSREPERH
GIRXVEPSJJMGIWYTTSVXWXEJJERHWGLSSPEHQMRMWXVEXMSR
Support services
EVII\TIRHMXYVIWVIPEXIHXSTVSZMHMRKXVERWTSVXEXMSRJSVVIKYPEVWTIGMEP
ERHWYQQIVWGLSSPTVSKVEQWERHXLIQEMRXIRERGIERHSTIVEXMSRSJEPPWGLSSPJEGMPMXMIW
Central support
HITEVXQIRXWMRGPYHII\TIRHMXYVIWJSVXLIWGLSSPFSEVHWGLSSP
WYTIVMRXIRHIRXFYHKIXERHJMRERGIGSQQYRMX]VIPEXMSRWTYTMPEWWMKRQIRXERHWXEJJ
HIZIPSTQIRX4VSTIVX]MRWYVERGIJSVWGLSSPFYMPHMRKW[SVOIVvWGSQTIRWEXMSRERHJYRH
XVERWJIVWJSVHIFXERHXI\XFSSOWEVIFYHKIXIHYRHIVGIRXVEPWYTTSVX
Special programs
GETXYVIXLIGSWXSJTVSZMHMRKWYQQIVWGLSSPERHEHYPXIHYGEXMSR
GPEWWIW
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH)\TIRHMXYVIW4IV4YTMP
*=
&YHKIX&YHKIX4IVGIRXSJ'SWX
4IV4YTMP
'PEWWVSSQ-RWXVYGXMSR
4IVWSRRIP
'IRXVEP7YTTSVX
7YTTSVX7IVZMGIW
7TIGMEP4VSKVEQW
13,801
)WXMQEXIH%ZIVEKI(EMP]1IQFIVWLMT
7YTTSVX7IVZMGIW
'IRXVEP7YTTSVX
'IRXVEP7YTTSVX
7TIGMEP4VSKVEQW
'PEWWVSSQ
-RWXVYGXMSR
4IVWSRRIP
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
+IRIVEP*YRH)\TIRHMXYVIW7YQQEV]F](ITEVXQIRX
*=
%GXYEP%GXYEP%GXYEP&YHKIX&YHKIX-RGVIEWI
(IGVIEWI
Classroom Instruction:
-RWXVYGXMSREP4VSKVEQW)PIQIRXEV]
-RWXVYGXMSREP4VSKVEQW7IGSRHEV]
(ITYX]7YTIVMRXIRHIRXSJ%HQMRMWXVEXMSR
8IWXMRKERH6IQIHMEXMSR
'EVIIVERH8IGLRMGEP)HYGEXMSR
4YTMP4IVWSRRIPERH7TIGMEP)HYGEXMSR
7GLSSP'SYRWIPMRK7IVZMGIW
1IHME7IVZMGIW
8SXEP'PEWWVSSQ-RWXVYGXMSR
Personnel:
-RWXVYGXMSREP4IVWSRRIP
%HQMRMWXVEXMZI4IVWSRRIP
'PEWWMJMIH4IVWSRRIP
)QTPS]II-RWYVERGI&IRIJMXW
%
8SXEP4IVWSRRIP
Central Support:
7GLSSP&SEVH
7GLSSP7YTIVMRXIRHIRX
&YHKIX
'SQQYRMX]6IPEXMSRW
%
7XEJJ(IZIPSTQIRX
4YTMP%WWMKRQIRX
%
8SXEP'IRXVEP7YTTSVX
Support Services:
8VERWTSVXEXMSR
*EGMPMXMIW
8SXEP7YTTSVX7IVZMGIW
Special Programs:
7YQQIV7GLSSP
%HYPX
%
8SXEP7TIGMEP4VSKVEQW
Total General Fund Expenditures
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
7XYHIRX)RVSPPQIRX
7ITXIQFIV%ZIVEKI(EMP]%RRYEP
*MWGEP=IEV1IXLSH)RVSPPQIRX1IQFIVWLMT+VS[XL
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
%GXYEP
&YHKIXIH
4VSTSWIH
Average Daily Membership Trendverageayemerspren
ADilMbhiTd
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
,MWXSVMGEP(EXE
8VERWJIVJVSQ'SYRX]+IRIVEP*YRH
*MWGEP%RRYEP4LEWI6IWIVZIJSV8SXEP-RGVIEWI*VSQ4IVGIRX
=IEV%TTVSTVMEXMSR'ETMXEP4VSNIGXW2I[7GLSSPW%TTVSTVMEXMSR4VMSV=IEV-RGVIEWI
'SYRX]*YRHMRK8VIRH
'SYRX]8VERWJIVEWE SJ8SXEP7GLSSP&YHKIX
18 18
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
,MWXSVMGEP(EXE
+IRIVEP7GLSSP3TIVEXMSRW
*YRH&EPERGIW
*YRH&EPERGI)QIVKIRG]
*MWGEP
3TIVEXMRK3TIVEXMRKEWE *YRH
=IEV
&YHKIX*YRH&EPERGISJ&YHKIX&EPERGI
2SXI )QIVKIRG]*YRH&EPERGIRSXMRGPYHIHMR3TIVEXMRK*YRH&EPERGI
1919
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
3XLIV7GLSSP*YRHW
z
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
7GLSSP+VERX*YRH6IZIRYIW
*=
%GXYEPW%GXYEPW%GXYEPW&YHKIX&YHKIX-RGVIEWI
(IGVIEWI
*IHIVEP+VERXW
%%%%%%
8MXPI-
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%%%
8MXPI-4EVX%
%%
8MXPI--4EVX%
%%%%%
8MXPI--4EVX(
%%%%%%
8MXPI---
%%%%%%
8MXPI----QQMKVERXERH=SYXL
%%%%%%
8MXPI:-&*PS[8LVY*YRHW
%%
8MXPI:-&
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%
4VIWGLSSP1MRM+VERX]V
%%%%%%
%%%%%%
8IGLRSPSK]+VERX
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%%%
6IK8IGL)H8VEMRMRK
%%%%%%
%%
7XEXI+VERXW
)EVP]6IEHMRK-RMXMEXMZI
%%%%%%
%PKIFVE6IEHMRIWW
%%%%%%
+)(*YRHMRK
%%%%%%
4VIWGLSSP-RMXMEXMZI
%%%%%%
:MWYEPP],ERHMGETTIH+VERX
%%%%%
(YEP)RVSPPQIRX
%%%%%%
%HYPX&EWMG)HYGEXMSR
%%%%%
+IRIVEP%HYPX)HYGEXMSR
%%%%%%
7TIGMEP)HYGEXMSRMR6IKMSREP.EMP
%%%%
1IRXSV8IEGLIVW
%%%%%
.SFWJSV:MVKMRME+VEHYEXIW
%%%%%
,MWXSV]XS0MJI
%%%%
6EGIJSV+)(
%%%%%%
%%
4VMZEXI+VERXW
6EGLIP W'LEPPIRKI
%%%%
%
7EXYVHE]7GLSSP
%%%%%%
%%%%%%
4SXIRXMEP1MH=IEV+VERXW
%%%%%
%%%%%
8SXEP+VERX6IZIRYIW
%%%
6SERSOI'SYRX]4YFPMG7GLSSPW
7GLSSP+VERX*YRH)\TIRHMXYVIW
*=
%GXYEPW%GXYEPW%GXYEPW&YHKIX&YHKIX-RGVIEWI
(IGVIEWI
*IHIVEP+VERXW
%%%%%
8MXPI-
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%%
8MXPI-4EVX%
%%%
8MXPI--4EVX%
%%%%%
8MXPI--4EVX(
%%%%%%
8MXPI---
%%%%%%
8MXPI----QQMKVERXERH=SYXL
%%%%%%
8MXPI:-&*PS[8LVY*YRHW
%%%
8MXPI:-&
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%
4VIWGLSSP1MRM+VERX]V
%%%%%%
%%%%%%
8IGLRSPSK]+VERX
7XMQYPYW*YRHW
%%%%%%
6IK8IGL)H8VEMRMRK
%%%%%%
%%%
7XEXI+VERXW
)EVP]6IEHMRK-RMXMEXMZI
%%%%
%
%PKIFVE6IEHMRIWW
%%%%%%
+)(*YRHMRK
-7%)4
%%%%%%
4VIWGLSSP-RMXMEXMZI
%%%%%%
:MWYEPP],ERHMGETTIH+VERX
%%%%%
(YEP)RVSPPQIRX
%%%%%%
%HYPX&EWMG)HYGEXMSR
%%%%%
+IRIVEP%HYPX)HYGEXMSR
%%%%%%
7TIGMEP)HYGEXMSRMR6IKMSREP.EMP
%%%%
1IRXSV8IEGLIVW
%%%%%
.SFWJSV:MVKMRME+VEHYEXIW
%%%%%
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Attachment “A”
Roanoke County Department of Community Development
Virginia Stormwater Management Program (VSMP) Schedule of Fees
Fee Table 1 – Coverage under the General Permit for Discharges of Stormwater from
Construction Activities
1. 50% of the total fee is due with the original submittal. The remaining fee is due prior to issuance
of coverage under the General Permit for Discharges of Stormwater from Construction Activities.
2. When a site or sites is/are purchased for development within a previously permitted common plan
of development or sale, the applicant shall be subject to fees (“Total Fee” column) in accordance
with the disturbed acreage of the site or sites.
3. The Applicant pays the total fee to the County. The County will transfer the State’s portion of the
fee to the VA DEQ.
4. A single-family detached residential structure, within or outside of a common plan of development
or sale, is not required to pay the state’s portion of the total fee.
Total CountyState
Feeportionportion
of Fee of Fee
A. General / Stormwater Management - Small Construction $209 $209 $0
Activity/Land Clearing for Single-family detached residential
structure, sites, or areas located within common plans of
development or sale with land-disturbance acreage less
than one acre
B. General / Stormwater Management - Small Construction $290$209 $81
Activity/Land Clearing for areas within common plans of
development or sale with land-disturbance acreage less
than one acre that do not meet the criteria of A above
C. General/Stormwater Management – Small Construction $209 $209 $0
Activity/Land Clearing for Single-family detached residential
structure, sites, or areas; within or outside a common plan of
development or sale; with land-disturbance acreage that is
equal to or greater than 1 acre but less than 5 acres
D. General / Stormwater Management - Small Construction $2,700 $1,944$756
Activity/Land Clearing for Sites, or areas within common plans
of development or sale, with land-disturbance acreage
equal to or greater than one acre and less than five acres
that do not meet the criteria of C above
E. General / Stormwater Management - Large Construction $3,400
$2,448$952
Activity/Land Clearing for Sites, or areas within common plans (See(See
Note 4)Note 4)
of development or sale, with land-disturbance acreage equal
to or greater than five acres and less than 10 acres
Effective July 1, 2014 Page 1 of 3
F. General / Stormwater Management - Large Construction $4,500$3,240$1,260
Activity/Land Clearing for Sites, or areas within common plans (See(See
Note 4)Note 4)
of development or sale, with land-disturbance acreage equal
to or greater than 10 acres and less than 50 acres
G. General / Stormwater Management - Large Construction $6,100$4,392$1,708
Activity/Land Clearing for Sites, or areas within common plans (See(See
Note 4)Note 4)
of development or sale, with land-disturbance acreage equal
to or greater than 50 acres and less than 100 acres
H. General / Stormwater Management - Large Construction $9,600$6,912$2,688
Activity/Land Clearing for Sites, or areas within common plans (See(See
Note 4)Note 4)
of development or sale, with land-disturbance acreage equal
to or greater than 100 acres
Fee Table 2 – Modification or Transfer of Registration Statements for the General
Permit for Discharges of Stormwater from Construction Activities (VSMP)
1. Applies to modification or transfer of registration statements.
2. If changes to stormwater management plans require additional review by the County, reviews
shall be subject to the fees set out in this section. The fee shall be based on the total disturbed
acreage of the permitted site. In addition to the modification fee, modifications resulting in an
increase in total disturbed acreage shall warrant payment of the difference in the initial permit fee
paid and the permit fee that would have applied to the total disturbed acreage, on Fee Table 1.
A. General / Stormwater Management – Small Construction Activity/Land Clearing $20
for Areas within common plans of development or sale with land disturbance
acreage less than one acre
B. General / Stormwater Management – Small Construction Activity/Land Clearing $200
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than one and less than five acres
C. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $250
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than five acres and less than 10
acres
D. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $300
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than 10 acres and less than 50
acres
E. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $450
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than 50 acres and less than 100
acres
F. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $700
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than 100 acres
Effective July 1, 2014 Page 2 of 3
Fee Table 3 – Annual Maintenance Fees for Coverage under the General Permit for
Discharges of Stormwater from Construction Activities (VSMP)
1. The following annual permit maintenance fees apply to each permit identified below. These fees
shall apply until the permit coverage is terminated.
st
2. Annual maintenance fees are due to the County by April 1 of each calendar year, for permits
issued in a previous calendar year, to maintain coverage under the General Permit for Discharges of
Stormwater from Construction Activities.
3. Permit coverage will lapse if the annual maintenance fee is not paid by the time stated in note 2.
A. General / Stormwater Management – Small Construction Activity/Land Clearing $50
for Areas within common plans of development or sale with land-disturbance
acreage less than one acre
B. General / Stormwater Management – Small Construction Activity/Land Clearing $400
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance equal to or greater than one acre and less than five acres
C. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $500
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than five acres and less than 10
acres
D. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $650
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than 10 acres and less than 50 acres
E. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $900
(Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater than 50 acres and less than 100
acres
F. General / Stormwater Management – Large Construction Activity/Land Clearing $1,400
for Sites, or areas within common plans of development or sale, with land-
disturbance acreage equal to or greater 100 acres
Effective July 1, 2014 Page 3 of 3
Attachment"B"
RoanokeCountyDepartmentofCommunityDevelopment
EstimateFeesforCommericalvs.ResidentialProjects
As of July
COMMERCIAL PROJECTSExisting
Difference
1, 2014
LocalStateTotal
Disturbed area less than 1 acre, within a common
lan of develoment
pp
Site Plan / Erosion and Sediment Control Review, and
$1,015$1,015
SWM recordation fee Sitelan review and ermittin
(ppg)
VSMP Fee Count$209
(y)
VSMP Fee State$0$81
()
Total
$1,015$1,305$209$81$290
As of July
SUBDIVISION PROJECTSExisting
Difference
1, 2014
LocalStateTotal
Disturbed area 3 acres (10 LOTS)
Site Plan / Erosion and Sediment Control Review, and
$1,160$1,160
SWM recordation fee (site plan review and permitting)
VSMP Fee (County)
$1,944
VSMP Fee (State)
$450$756
Total
$1,610$3,860$1,944$306$2,250
As of July
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS Existing
Difference
1, 2014
LocalStateTotal
Disturbed area 5,000 square feet, not within a
common plan of development
Site Plan / Erosion and Sediment Control Review
$25$25
2000 Sq. Ft. Building Permit Fee
$688$688
Water and Sewer
$6,250$6,250
VSMP Fee (County)
$0
VSMP Fee (State)
$0$0
Total
$6,963$6,963$0$0$0
Disturbed area 5,000 square feet, within a common
plan of development
Site Plan / Erosion and Sediment Control Review
$25$25
2000 Sq. Ft. Building Permit Fee
$688$688
Water and Sewer
$6,250$6,250
VSMP Fee (County)
$209
VSMP Fee (State)
$0$0
Total
$6,963$7,172$209$0$209
Disturbed area 11,000 square feet, within a common
plan of development
Site Plan / Erosion and Sediment Control Review
$200$200
2000 Sq. Ft. Building Permit Fee
$688$688
Water and Sewer
$6,250$6,250
VSMP Fee (County)
$209
VSMP Fee (State)
$0$0
Total
$7,138$7,347$209$0$209
NOTE: VA STATE FEES IN RE
D
AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BORAD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE
COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION
CENTER ON TUESDAY, MAY 13, 2014
RESOLUTION ADOPTING A VIRGINIA STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM (VSMP) SCHEDULE OF FEES
WHEREAS, Section 62.1-44.15:28 of the Code of Virginia, as amended, provides
that the State Water Control Board shall establish by regulation a statewide permit fee
schedule to cover costs associated with the implementation of a Virginia Stormwater
Management Program; and
WHEREAS, the following regulations (9VAC25-870-820, 9VAC25-870-825,
9VAC25-870-830) adopted by the State Water Control Board establish the fees set out
in Table 1, Table 2, and Table3 of the attached fee schedule; and
WHEREAS, Section 23-3.9. of the Stormwater Management Ordinance
(Ordinance 042214-12) provides that a fee schedule for implementation of the VSMP
land disturbing activities and the issuance of general permits for discharges of
stormwater from construction activities shall be established and imposed from time to
time by the Board of Supervisors by resolution.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke
County, Virginia, as follows:
1.That the “Roanoke County Department of Community Development
Virginia Stormwater Management Program (VSMP) Schedule of Fees”, as set out
below,is hereby adopted in order to implement the requirements of Chapter 23.
“Stormwater Management Ordinance”, as provided inSection 23-3.9.
2.That this resolution shall be effective from and after July 1, 2014.
Effective July 1, 2014Page 1 of 5
CR
OUNTYOF OANOKE
SM
TORMWATER ANAGEMENT
DM
ESIGN ANUAL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CR
OUNTY OF OANOKE
SMDM
TORMWATER ANAGEMENT ESIGN ANUAL
PREFACE
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6IKYPEXMSRWXLVSYKLMQTPIQIRXEXMSRSJXLI6SERSOI'SYRX]7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX
3VHMRERGI%PP&14WTVSTSWIHJSVYWIMRXLI'SYRX]QYWXFITVIZMSYWP]ETTVSZIHF]()5ERH
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VIUYMVIQIRXWXLEXEMHMRXLIMQTPIQIRXMRKSJXLIWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXWERHXLEXWYTTPIQIRXXLIWXEXI
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M
COUNTYOFROANOKETABLEOFCONTENTS
7/1/14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 –Introduction
1.1Manual Purpose.................................................................................................1-1
1.2Water Programs Regulatory Background.......................................................1-1
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17
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1.3Contents of the Manual.....................................................................................1-3
1.4Authority.............................................................................................................1-4
1.5Applicability.......................................................................................................1-4
1.6Administration...................................................................................................1-4
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1.7Approval and Permits........................................................................................1-5
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1.8Reference Sources..............................................................................................1-6
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1.9Acronyms and Abbreviations...........................................................................1-7
Appendix 1A–Roanoke County Policy on Common Plan of Development or Sale
Chapter 2 Stormwater Management Plan Review and Approval
2.1Overview of the Review and Approval Process..............................................2-1
2.2Concept Stormwater Management Plan Submittal........................................2-1
2.3Stormwater Management Plan Submittal.......................................................2-1
2.4Submittal of Stormwater Calculations.............................................................2-2
2.5Changes and Modifications to an Approved Plan..........................................2-3
Chapter 3 Easements
3.1General................................................................................................................3-1
3.2Drainage Easements...........................................................................................3-1
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3.3Access Easements...............................................................................................3-4
3.4Maintenance of Easements................................................................................3-4
Appendix 3A –Standard Easement Agreements
MM
COUNTYOFROANOKETABLEOFCONTENTS
7/1/14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4 Stormwater Hydrology
4.1References...........................................................................................................4-1
4.2Design Frequencies............................................................................................4-1
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4.5Methodologies.....................................................................................................4-4
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Appendix 4A –Design Aids, From Chapter 6, VDOT Drainage Manual
Appendix 4B –Design Aids, From Chapter 4, VA SWM Handbook
Appendix 4C –Information from VDOT Hydraulic Design Advisories
Chapter 5 Open Channels
5.1References...........................................................................................................5-1
5.2Design Methodology and Criteria....................................................................5-1
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5.3Environmental Considerations and Fishery Protection.................................5-8
5.5Maintenance Requirements..............................................................................5-8
5.6Floodplain Studies..............................................................................................5-8
Appendix 5A –Aids for Open Channel Design, From Chapter 7, VDOT Drainage Manual
MMM
COUNTYOFROANOKETABLEOFCONTENTS
7/1/14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 6 Culverts
6.1References...........................................................................................................6-1
6.2Design Methodology and Criteria....................................................................6-2
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6.5Maintenance Requirements............................................................................6-10
Appendix 6A –Aids for Stormwater Culvert Design, From Chapter8, VDOT Drainage
Manual
Chapter 7 Storm Drains
7.1References...........................................................................................................7-1
7.2Design Methodology and Criteria....................................................................7-1
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7.3Installation........................................................................................................7-10
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7.4Environmental Impacts...................................................................................7-11
7.5Erosion Protection at Outfalls........................................................................7-11
7.6Maintenance Requirements............................................................................7-11
MZ
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix 7A –Aids for Storm Drain System Design, From Chapter 9, VDOT Drainage
Manual
Appendix 7B –Installation Procedures
Chapter 8 Residential Lot Drainage(RESERVED)
Chapter 9 (NOT USED)
Chapter 10 Energy Dissipation
10.1References.........................................................................................................10-1
10.2Design Methodology and Criteria..................................................................10-2
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10.3Installation Requirements...............................................................................10-5
10.4Easements.........................................................................................................10-5
10.5Environmental Impacts...................................................................................10-5
10.6Maintenance Requirements............................................................................10-5
Appendix 10A –Aids for Energy Dissipation Design, From VDOT Drainage Manual
Appendix 10B –Aids for Energy Dissipation Design, From VDOT Road and Bridge
Standards
Appendix 10C –Energy Dissipation Design Schematics
Chapter 11 (NOT USED)
Chapter 12 Environmentally Sensitive Areas
12.1References.........................................................................................................12-1
12.2Floodplains........................................................................................................12-2
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12.4Stream Buffers.................................................................................................12-6
12.5Critical Erosion Areas.....................................................................................12-6
12.6Karst Geology...................................................................................................12-7
12.7Stormwater Hot Spots.....................................................................................12-8
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7/1/14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix 12A –Design Aids, From Local Assistance Manual, Chesapeake Bay Local
Assistance Department
Chapter 13 Geotechnical Studies(RESERVED)
Chapter 14 Maintenance of Stormwater Management Facilities
14.1Responsibility for Maintenance......................................................................14-1
14.2Maintenance Agreements................................................................................14-1
14.3Maintenance Program.....................................................................................14-2
14.4Additional Maintenance and Repair..............................................................14-5
14.5Inspection and Maintenance Records............................................................14-5
14.6References.........................................................................................................14-5
Appendix14A –Maintenance Agreements
Appendix 14B –Maintaining Stormwater Systems, A Guidebook for Private Owners
and Operators in Northern Virginia
Chapter 15 Inspection and Enforcement
15.1Construction Inspections.................................................................................15-1
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15.2Post-Construction Inspectionsand Maintenance.........................................15-3
15.3Records..............................................................................................................15-4
15.4Enforcement.....................................................................................................15-4
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Appendix 15A –Inspection Forms
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Chapter 1 -Introduction
1.1Manual Purpose
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14INTRODUCTION
1-1
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14INTRODUCTION
1-2
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1.3Contents of the Manual
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14INTRODUCTION
1-3
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1.6.1General
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14INTRODUCTION
1-4
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14INTRODUCTION
1-5
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APPENDIX 1A
POLICY CONCERNING COMMON PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT OR SALE
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PolicyConcerning “Common Plan of Developmentor Sale”
1.1General
This policy explains how Roanoke County interprets and will apply “common plan of
development or sale” in its local VSMP. In the event that this policy conflicts with any
guidance issued by DEQ, DEQ guidance will govern.
All land-disturbing activities, except those specifically exempted in Section 23-1.3 of the
Roanoke County Stormwater Management Ordinance, require approval from Roanoke
County as the local VSMP authority and coverage under the state General Permit for
Discharges of Stormwater From Construction Activities prior to commencing land-
disturbing activities.
Several exemptions apply to land-disturbing activities that disturb less than one acre of
land and that are not part of a larger common plan of development or sale. In order to
properly apply these exemptions, it is necessary to understand what is meant by
“common plan of development or sale.”
It is critical for developers and land-owners to understandthat the permitting
exemption can be lostby disturbing more area on a project than planned
(exceeding 1 acre land-disturbance) or by taking actions that demonstrate that a
small project (less than 1 acre land-disturbance) is partof a larger common plan
of development or sale.
Actions that increase land disturbance or that create a larger common plan of
development after plan approval and during construction will necessitate
securing a VSMP permit, may result in possible enforcement and penalty actions,
and may result in additional costs and delays due to the need to redesign the site
and construct or modify BMPs.
Land disturbing activities that are exempt from the requirements of the
Stormwater Management Ordinance may not be exempt from the Erosion and
Sediment Control stormwater management requirements. Erosion and Sediment
Control regulations could still require stormwater management to address
Minimum Standard 19.
1.2State Definitionand Guidance
9VAC25-870-10 defines common plan of development or sale in the following manner:
“Common plan of development or sale” means a contiguous area where separate and
distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different
schedules.
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For the purposes of the VSMP regulations, individual lots within existing residential,
commercial, or industrial site plans and subdivision plans that were platted prior to July
1, 2004 may be considered separate land-disturbing activities.
1.3Discussion and Application
1.3.1USEPA guidance ( http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/faqs.cfm?program_id=6): A
"larger common plan of development or sale" is a contiguous area where multiple
separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on
different schedules under one plan. For example, if a developer buys a 20-acre lot and
builds roads, installs pipes, and runs electricity with the intention of constructing homes
or other structures sometime in the future, this would be considered a larger common
plan of development or sale. If the land is parceled off or sold, and construction occurs
on plots that are less than one acre by separate, independent builders, this activitystill
would be subject to stormwater permitting requirements if the smaller plots were
included on the original site plan. The larger common plan of development or sale also
applies to other types of land development such as industrial parks or well fields. A
permit is required if 1 or more acres of land will be disturbed, regardless of the size of
any of the individually-owned or developed sites.
1.3.2The creation of a common plan of development or sale: A common plan of
development or sale comes into being when there is documentation showing plans or
intent to disturb earth regardless of how many phases or how long it will take. Common
documents that create a common plan of development include: (a) any announcement
or documentation (marketing plans, sign, sales pitch, notice, etc.); (b) any physical
demarcation (boundary signs, lot stakes) indicating construction may occur on a specific
plot; (c) subdivision plats; or, (d) construction drawings.
1.3.3The completion of a common plan of development or sale: Once a common plan
of development or sale has been created, it remains in force until the contemplated
development is substantially completed (less than 1 acre remaining to be developed).
There may be a time when a new developer will want to perform aland disturbing
activity on an undeveloped parcel (that was created on or after July 1, 2004), and wants
to know if a common plan of development or sale is still valid. In order for the new
activity to not be a part of the original common plan of development or sale, it must
meet 2 tests.
Test 1: Was the original plan, including modifications, ever substantially
completed with less than 1 acre of the original common plan of development or
sale remaining (e.g., less than 1 acre remains to build out)?
Test 2: Has there been a clearly identifiable period of time where there is no on-
going construction, including meeting criteria for final stabilization? (Roanoke
County, by this policy, sets the clearly identifiable period of time at 1 year.)
If the project meets the two tests, then it may be evaluated for permitting purposes on
its individual merits. If it does not meet either of the two tests, then it remains part of the
original common plan of development or sale, and it requires permit coverage.
1.3.4Additional development on an individual parcel after the intended construction is
completed: When the intended construction on a parcel that is part of a larger common
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plan of development or sale is completed, any subsequent development or
redevelopment of that parcel is considered a new plan of development.
1.3.5Effect of adding property to an existing project: There are 2 cases where adding
land to a project could have permitting impacts.
Case 1: A common plan of development or sale has already been created and
development of the common plan of development or sale is ongoing. The
developer purchases additional property to incorporate into the development.
The additional property would become part of the common plan of development
or sale.
Case 2: A developer subdivides a parcel to create a residential lot. The
development of the lot will disturb less than 1 acre. No stormwater permit is
required. Prior to a clearly identifiable period of time (1 year) where there is no
on-going construction on the first lot, the developer creates a second lot from the
original parcel (or markets additional homes prior to creating lots). The
development of the second lot would disturb less than 1 acre; however, the
development of the first lot and the second lot together would cumulatively
disturb 1 acre or more. A larger common plan of development or sale has been
created. A permit is required to cover the entire common plan of development or
sale (both the construction on lot 1 as well as lot 2 and any subsequent lots).
Construction on lot 1 would need to halt until permitting is completed.
Stormwater management requirements would need to be met for the entire
common plan of development or sale.
1.3.6Timing for construction and ownership of BMPs for a common plan of
development or sale: The technical criteria for stormwater management must be applied
to the entire common plan of development or sale.
In some cases, portions of a common plan of development or sale may have BMPs with
a higher efficiency of pollutant removal or stormwater volume or rate control than other
portions of the common plan of development or sale. However, no portion of the
common plan of development or sale shall be considered by the County to be
completed or be allowed to be occupied until BMPs are completed and functioning that
provide stormwater management for that portion of the common plan of development or
sale adequate to meet minimum standards (e.g., the construction of BMPs cannot be
deferred to a later phase, if the portion of the common plan of development or sale that
is currently under construction does not have adequate BMPs to meet the stormwater
management technical criteria).
BMPs that provide stormwater management for one individual parcel may be on the
individual parcel and may be owned and maintained by the property owner of the
individual parcel. At the developer’s option, BMPs that provide stormwater
management for one individual parcel may be made a property association’s
responsibility as described in the next paragraph.
BMPs that provide stormwater management for more than one parcel must be owned
and maintained by a property association, consisting of all property owners that are
benefiting from the BMP.
1.3.7De minimus land disturbance: Neither federal nor state definitions or guidance
address de minimus land disturbance on a lot within a larger common plan of
development or sale. It is obvious that at some point, minor land disturbing activities
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should not be regulated, within a larger common plan of development or sale; example
–disturbance of 20 square feet, on a lot, to erect a temporary sign. For the purpose of
implementing the VSMP, Roanoke County considers land disturbance of less than
2,500 square feet to be de minimus and will not fall under the VSMP regulations. If any
additional land disturbance occurs on a lot, within a larger common plan of development
or sale, within 1 year of completing the original disturbance, the land disturbance area
will be summed. If the summed land disturbance is greater than 2,500 square feet, then
the total land disturbed must comply with the VSMP regulations.
1.4Examples
1.4.1.A residential subdivision was started after July 1, 2004. Only 60 of the 100 lots
have been developed, with the remaining 40 lots constituting1 acre or more. No
development has occurred since around 20210. A developer intends to develop a
vacant ½ acre lot.
This situation applies to a vacant lot in accordance with Section 1.3.3. The
residential subdivision is a common plan of development orsale. While a clearly
identifiable period of time of no construction has passed (Test #2), the project
was never substantially completed (Test #1). Therefore, the developer requires
a VSMP permit.
1.4.2A residential subdivision was constructed around2010. About 80 of the 100 lots
have been developed, with the remaining 20 lots constituting 1 acre or more. The
owner of one of the homes intends to construct an addition to his home that will disturb
3,000 square feet.
This situation applies to an individual parcel after intended construction has been
completed in accordance with Section 1.3.4. The residential subdivision is a
common plan of development or sale. However, the intended construction has
been completed on this lot. Therefore, the addition is treated as a new
development project. Since it disturbs less than 1 acre, no VSMP permit is
required.
1.4.3A regional shopping center was built in the 1990s. It is currently marketing plans
to develop several additional buildings in its parking lot. It anticipates that the buildings
will be constructed one at a time. The anticipated disturbed area for the construction of
each building is less than 1 acre, but the anticipated disturbed area for the construction
of all of the additional buildings is over an acre.
The common plan of development or sale occurred prior to July 1, 2004, and the
original plan is completed. Each of the proposed buildings will disturb under 1
acre; however, since the 3 buildings are being marketed together, a new
common plan of development or sale has been created and the construction of
all three buildings must be considered as a single land-disturbing activity. A
VSMP permit is required.
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1.4.4A regional shopping center was built in the 1990’s. The owner intends to
construct a building expansion that will disturb 0.8 acres. Just over a year after
completion of the expansion, the owner of the regional shopping center decides to
construct another building in its parking lot. The building construction will disturb 0.7
acres.
The common plan of development or sale occurred prior to July 1, 2004, and the
original plan is completed. The developer intends to construct a building
expansion as a stand-alone project. The project will disturb less than 1 acre;
therefore, no VSMP permit is required. After a distinct time period (1 year) has
passed with no construction activity, the developer decides to construct another
building in its parking lot. Since a distinct time period (1 year) has passed since
the completion of the building addition, and since the new building is not part of
the building expansion plan, and since less than 1 acre is disturbed, no common
plan of development or sale is created and no VSMP permit is required.
Note –If the building expansion and additional building in the parking lot were
part of an overall renovation plan that was intended to be constructed in phases,
then a common plan of development or sale would have been created and a
VSMP permit would have been required.
1.4.5A congregation intends to build a new church in phases. Phase 1 is for a
multipurpose sanctuary and parking and the construction will disturb 2 acres. Phase 2
is for a classroom expansion and its construction will disturb 0.5 acres.
The phased church construction is a common plan of development or sale. A
VSMP permit will be required for Phase 1 and Phase 2.
1.4.6A congregation intends to build a new wing for education use and expand the
parking lot. The construction will disturb 0.8 acres.
The proposed project is separate from the original church construction; therefore,
it is not part of a larger common plan of development or sale. Since disturbed
area is less than 1 acre, no VSMP permit is required.
1.4.7A developer has a plan approved that indicates that 0.9 acres will be disturbed.
During construction, the developer actually disturbs 1.2 acres.
The developer’s plan indicates that less than 1 acre will be disturbed. Therefore,
no VSMP permit is required. However, the developer actually disturbs over 1
acre. Therefore, the County issues a “Stop Work” order until a VSMP permit can
be issued. A stormwater management plan meeting the stormwater
management regulation technical requirements must be prepared and submitted,
along with an executed and recorded maintenance agreement, revised
performance security, and additional fees. The developer must ensure that an
adequate SWPPP is prepared and available at the site. No further land-
disturbance activities may occur until these items are completed and a VSMP
permit is issued. The County may undertake other enforcement actions and
penalties, depending on the circumstances.
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1.4.8A fast food restaurant is part of a partially developed commercial area. It plans a
renovation that includes some parking lot changes and a small expansion to its seating
area. The construction disturbed area is 0.7 acres.
The commercial area is part of an active common plan of development or sale;
however, the intended construction (fast food restaurant) on this parcel has been
completed. In accordance with Section 1.3.4, the renovation is a separate land-
disturbing activity. Since less than 1 acre is disturbed, no VSMP permit is
required.
1.4.9A developer intends to construct a subdivision in two phases. He intends to
develop Phase 1 first, followed by Phase 2. Since the subdivision is a common plan of
development or sale, the two phases are treated as a single land disturbance activity
and the determination of whether or not adequate stormwater management is being
provided is analyzed for the subdivision as a whole. Stormwater management for the
subdivision will be accomplished by a combination of BMPs on individual lots, to serve
the individual lots; and BMPs intended to serve multiple lots. Due to the characteristics
of the siteand the layout of the design, the overall plan indicates that the proposed
BMPs for Phase 1 are not adequate to meet the pollutant removal requirements, but
that with the construction of Phase 2, the overall effectiveness of the BMPs will be
increased so they are adequate to meet the pollutant removal requirements for both
Phase 1 and Phase 2 upon completion of Phase 2.
The proposed plan is unacceptable in accordance with Section 1.3.6. Even
though it is expected that portions of the common plan of development or sale
will have more effective BMPs than other portions of the common plan of
development or sale, and even though the common plan of development or sale
is evaluated as a single land-disturbance activity; It is not acceptable to construct
a portion of the common plan of development or sale without concurrent
construction of adequate BMPs such that the technical requirements of the
stormwater management regulations are met as each portion of the common
plan of development or sale is completed.
1.4.10A land-owner owns a parcel with existing public road frontage. The current
zoning and subdivision requirements would allow for the parcel to be subdivided into 8
lots without the need for any additional public infrastructure. The property owner divides
the parcel to create one ¼ acre lot and constructs a single family house on it. Several
years after completion of the single family house, the property owner divides the parcel
again to create another ¼ acre lot and constructs another single family house.
Each project is separated by adequate time that they are independent projects
and no VSMP permit is required.
1.4.11A land-owner owns a 10 acre parcel with existing public road frontage. The
current zoning and subdivision requirements would allow for the parcel to be subdivided
into 8 lots without the need for any additional public infrastructure. The property owner
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divides the parcel to create one ¼ acre lot and sells the individual lot to a developer to
construct a single family house on it. After the property sale, the landowner posts a sign
on his property stating that “land is available for development and that the owner will
subdivide”.
The owner has created a larger common plan of development or sale by
marketing development on his parcel. The developer may continue with his
project to construct a single family house, since the property was sold to him
prior to the creation of the larger common plan of development or sale. However,
any further construction on the land-owner’s parcel will require a VSMP permit.
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STORMWATERMANAGEMENT PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVALCHAPTER 2
Chapter 2–StormwaterManagement Plan Review and Approval
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2.1Overview of the Review and Approval Process
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2.2Concept Stormwater Management Plan Submittal
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2.3Stormwater Management Plan Submittal
COUNTYOFROANOKESTORMWATERMANAGEMENTPLAN
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STORMWATERMANAGEMENT PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVALCHAPTER 2
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2.4Submittal of Stormwater Calculations
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COUNTYOFROANOKESTORMWATERMANAGEMENTPLAN
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STORMWATERMANAGEMENT PLAN REVIEW AND APPROVALCHAPTER 2
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2.5Changes and Modifications to an Approved Plan
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EASEMENTSCHAPTER 3
Chapter 3-Easements
3.1General
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3.2Drainage Easements
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EASEMENTSCHAPTER 3
TVEGXMGIWXLEXEVIS[RIHSTIVEXIHERHQEMRXEMRIHF]XLI'SYRX]SVSXLIVTYFPMGIRXMX]WYGLEW
:(38
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3.2.1Culverts andStorm Drains
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EASEMENTSCHAPTER 3
xERHWQEPPIVJIIX
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Figure 3-1
Minimum Easement Width for Open Channels
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EASEMENTSCHAPTER 3
3.3Access Easements
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3.4Maintenance of Easements
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EASEMENTSAPPENDIX 3A
APPENDIX 3A
STANDARD EASEMENT AGREEMENTS
'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIz4IVQERIRX(VEMREKI)EWIQIRX%KVIIQIRX
COUNTYOFROANOKEEASEMENTS
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3A-1
EASEMENTSAPPENDIX 3A
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EWLIVIMREJXIVTVSZMHIH8LI+VERXSVEKVIIWXLEXXLI+VERXII[MPPRSXFII\TIGXIHXSVIWXSVIXLI
4VSTIVX]XSXLIMHIRXMGEPSVMKMREPGSRHMXMSRFYXVEXLIVEWRIEVXLIVIXSEWMWTVEGXMGEFPIERHXLEX
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-XMWI\TVIWWP]EKVIIHFIX[IIRXLITEVXMIWLIVIXSXLEXXLI+VERXIIERHMXWEKIRXWWLEPPLEZI
XLIVMKLXXSMRWTIGXXLIIEWIQIRXLIVIMRKVERXIHERHXSGYXGPIEVERHVIQSZIEPPYRHIVKVS[XL
SFWXVYGXMSRWSVMQTVSZIQIRXWP]MRK[MXLMRYTSRSVEHNEGIRXXSWEMHIEWIQIRXXLEXMRER][E]
IRHERKIVSVMRXIVJIVI[MXLXLITVSTIVYWISJXLIWEQI8LI+VERXSVGSZIRERXWXLEXRSFYMPHMRKSV
WXVYGXYVIWLEPPFIIVIGXIHYTSRSV[MXLMRXLIIEWIQIRXLIVIMRKVERXIHSVTPEGIHMRWYGLPSGEXMSR
EWXSVIRHIVXLIWEMHIEWIQIRXMREGGIWWMFPI-RXLIIZIRXXLEXXLMWGSZIRERXMWZMSPEXIHXLI
COUNTYOFROANOKEEASEMENTS
7/1/14
3A-2
EASEMENTSAPPENDIX 3A
+VERXIIWLEPPRSXFISFPMKEXIHXSVITEMVVITPEGISVSXLIV[MWIFIVIWTSRWMFPIJSVWYGL
MQTVSZIQIRXWMJHEQEKIHSVVIQSZIH
8LI+VERXSVEGORS[PIHKIWXLEXXLITPERWJSVXLIEJSVIWEMHTVSNIGXEWXLI]EJJIGXXLI
4VSTIVX]LEZIFIIRJYPP]I\TPEMRIHXSXLI+VERXSVSV+VERXSVvWEYXLSVM^IHVITVIWIRXEXMZI8LI
JM\XYVIWJEGMPMXMIWPMRIWYXMPMXMIWERHER]SXLIVMQTVSZIQIRXWTPEGIHYTSRYRHIVSVEGVSWWXLI
4VSTIVX]F]XLI+VERXIIWLEPPVIQEMRXLITVSTIVX]SJXLI+VERXII8LIIEWIQIRXLIVIMRKVERXIH
MWMREHHMXMSRXSERHRSXMRPMIYSJER]IEWIQIRXSVVMKLXSJ[E]RS[MRI\MWXIRGISV[LMGLQE]
FIEGUYMVIHMRXLIJYXYVI
8LI+VERXSVGSZIRERXWERHEKKVIWWJSVXLIQWIPZIWERHJSVXLIMVLIMVWWYGGIWWSVW
WYGGIWWSVWMRXMXPII\IGYXSVWPIKEPVITVIWIRXEXMZIWERHEWWMKRWXLEXXLIGSRWMHIVEXMSR
EJSVIQIRXMSRIHERHXLIGSZIRERXWLIVIMRWLEPPFIMRPMIYSJER]ERHEPPGPEMQWXSGSQTIRWEXMSR
ERHHEQEKIWF]VIEWSRSJXLIPSGEXMSRGSRWXVYGXMSRSTIVEXMSRQEMRXIRERGISVVIGSRWXVYGXMSRSJ
SV[MXLMRXLIIEWIQIRXLIVIMRKVERXIH
8LIKVERXERHTVSZMWMSRSJXLMW(IIHSJ)EWIQIRXWLEPPGSRWXMXYXIEGSZIRERXVYRRMRK
[MXLXLIPERHJSVXLIFIRIJMXSJXLI+VERXIIMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWJSVIZIVXSLEZIERHLSPH
YRXSXLI+VERXIIMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWJSVIZIV
'SYRX]%HQMRMWXVEXSVSJ6SERSOI'SYRX]:MVKMRME
LIVIF]NSMRWMRXLII\IGYXMSRSJXLMWMRWXVYQIRXXSWMKRMJ]XLIEGGITXERGIF]WEMH&SEVHSJ
7YTIVZMWSVWSJXLIVIEPIWXEXIGSRZI]IHLIVIMRTYVWYERXXS3VHMRERGI2SCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
EHSTXIHF]XLI&SEVHSJ7YTIVZMWSVWSJ6SERSOI'SYRX]:MVKMRMESRXLICCCCCCHE]SJ
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
;-82)77XLIJSPPS[MRKWMKREXYVIWERHWIEPW
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COUNTYOFROANOKEEASEMENTS
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STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
Chapter 4-Stormwater Hydrology
7XSVQ[EXIVL]HVSPSK]HIJMRIWXLIQIERWERHQIXLSHWXSGEPGYPEXMRKWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJ
JVSQEHIWMKREXIHEVIE8LMWWIGXMSRHSGYQIRXWXLIL]HVSPSKMGTVEGXMGIWYWIHXSIWXEFPMWLHIWMKR
JPS[WRIGIWWEV]XSTVITEVIXLIVIUYMVIHWXSVQ[EXIVTIEOJPS[ERHWXSVEKIGEPGYPEXMSRW
4.1References
)\GITX[LIVIQSVIWXVMRKIRXVIUYMVIQIRXWEVITVIWIRXIHMRXLMW(IWMKR1ERYEP
WXSVQ[EXIVL]HVSPSK]WLEPPGSQTP][MXLWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXW8LITVMQEV]HIWMKRVIJIVIRGIWEVI
:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
:%7;1,ERHFSSO
&14'PIEVMRKLSYWI
4.2Design Frequencies
4.2.1General
(IWMKRJVIUYIRGMIWWLEPPFIWIPIGXIHGSRWMWXIRX[MXLKSSHIRKMRIIVMRKTVEGXMGIERH
IGSRSQMGW8LIHIWMKRJVIUYIRG]VIUYMVIQIRXWKMZIRMRXLMW(IWMKR1ERYEPEVIQMRMQYQ
WTIGMJMGGSRHMXMSRWQE]HMGXEXIXLEXPIWWJVIUYIRXHIWMKRJVIUYIRG]WLSYPHFIYWIH
4.2.2Storm Drainage Systems
7XSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWGSRWMWXSJQERQEHISTIRGLERRIPWGYPZIVXWERHWXSVQHVEMRW
(IWMKRWWLEPPFIFEWIHSRXLIJSPPS[MRKQMRMQYQHIWMKRWXSVQJVIUYIRGMIW
1ERQEHI3TIR'LERRIPW
1MRSV'LERRIP'ETEGMX]]IEV
1MRSV'LERRIP4VSXIGXMZI0MRMRK
(VEMREKI%VIEEGVIWSVPIWW
]IEV
1MRSV'LERRIP4VSXIGXMZI0MRMRK
(VEMREKI%VIESZIVEGVIW
]IEV
1ENSV'LERRIP'ETEGMX]]IEV
1ENSV'LERRIP4VSXIGXMZI0MRMRK]IEV
]IEVMJTSXIRXMEPJSVGEXEWXVSTLMGJEMPYVI
'YPZIVXW
4VMRGMTEP%VXIVMEP6SEHW]IEV
3XLIV6SEHW]IEV
COUNTYOFROANOKE
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STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
7XSVQ(VEMRW]IEV
%PPWXSVQHVEMREKIHIWMKRWJSVSTIRGLERRIPWGYPZIVXWERHWXSVQHVEMRWWLEPPFIGLIGOIH
JSVXLI]IEVJPS[GSRHMXMSR[LIVIXLIVIMWXLITSWWMFMPMX]SJJPSSHMRKVIWMHIRGIWGSQQIVGMEP
SVMRHYWXVMEPFYMPHMRKWSZIVXSTTMRKTVMQEV]VSEHWI\TIVMIRGMRKWMKRMJMGERXIGSRSQMGPSWWSV
GEXEWXVSTLMGJEMPYVI;LIVINYWXMJMIHF]XLIGSRWIUYIRGIWSJJEMPYVIXLIQMRMQYQHIWMKR
JVIUYIRG]WLEPPFIMRGVIEWIH
4.2.3Stormwater Management Facilities
(IWMKRWWLEPPFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI:%7;1,ERHFSSOERH&14'PIEVMRKLSYWI
4.3Time of Concentration(t) and Travel Time (T)
ct
4.3.1General
8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSR
X
MWXLIPIRKXLSJXMQIVIUYMVIHJSVEHVSTSJ[EXIVXSXVEZIPJVSQ
G
XLIQSWXL]HVEYPMGEPP]HMWXERXTSMRXMRXLI[EXIVWLIHSVWYF[EXIVWLIHXSXLITSMRXSJEREP]WMW
8VEZIP8MQI
8
MWXLIPIRKXLSJXMQIVIUYMVIHJSVXLEXWEQIHVSTSJ[EXIVXSXVEZIPJVSQXLI
X
WXYH]TSMRXEXXLIFSXXSQSJXLIWYF[EXIVWLIHXSXLIWXYH]TSMRXEXXLIFSXXSQSJXLI[LSPI
[EXIVWLIH8LIXVEZIPXMQIMWHIWGVMTXMZISJXLIWYF[EXIVWLIHF]TVSZMHMRKMXWPSGEXMSRVIPEXMZI
XSXLIWXYH]TSMRXSJXLIIRXMVI[EXIVWLIH8LIVIJSVI8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSRMWXLIWYQQEXMSRSJ
8VEZIP8MQIZEPYIWJSVXLIZEVMSYWGSRWIGYXMZIJPS[WIKQIRXW
8VEZIP8MQIERH8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSRKIRIVEPP]GSRWMWXSJJSYVJPS[X]TIWSZIVPERH
JPS[WLEPPS[GSRGIRXVEXIHJPS[GLERRIPM^IHJPS[ERHTMTIW]WXIQW'EPGYPEXMSRWWLEPPFI
VIZMI[IHJSVVIEWSREFPIRIWWERHXLIVIWYPXWWLEPPFIVIZMWIHMJRIIHIHXSTVSZMHIEVIEWSREFPI
ZIPSGMX]ERHJPS[XMQIXLEX[MPPFIWXVITVIWIRXXLIWXYH]EVIE
;LIRHIWMKRMRKEHVEMREKIW]WXIQXLIJPS[TEXLMWRSXRIGIWWEVMP]XLIWEQIFIJSVIERH
EJXIVPERHHMWXYVFMRKEGXMZMXMIWLEZIFIIRGSQTPIXIH8LIVIJSVIXLIXVEZIPXMQITEXLWLEPPFI
VIJPIGXMZISJXLIEGXYEPGSRHMXMSRWFSXLFIJSVIERHEJXIVXLIPERHHMWXYVFMRKEGXMZMXMIW
-RWSQIGEWIWVYRSJJJVSQETSVXMSRSJXLIHVEMREKIEVIEXLEXMWLMKLP]MQTIVZMSYWQE]
VIWYPXMREKVIEXIVTIEOHMWGLEVKIXLER[SYPHSGGYVMJXLIIRXMVIEVIE[IVIGSRWMHIVIH-RXLMW
GEWIEHNYWXQIRXWGERFIQEHIXSXLIHVEMREKIEVIEF]HMWVIKEVHMRKXLSWIEVIEW[LIVIJPS[XMQI
MWXSSWPS[XSEHHXSXLITIEOHMWGLEVKI
8STVIZIRXWQEPPHVEMREKIEVIEWJVSQWOI[MRKXLIXMQISJGSRGIRXVEXMSRGEPGYPEXMSR
VIWYPXW[LIRIWXEFPMWLMRKWYFHVEMREKIEVIEWJSVEREP]WMWXLIPEVKIWXWYFHVEMREKIEVIEWLEPPFI
RSKVIEXIVXLERXMQIWXLIEVIESJXLIWQEPPIWXWYFHVEMREKIEVIE
4.3.2Overland Flow
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STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
3ZIVPERHJPS[MWJPS[XLEXSGGYVWEXXLIYTTIVIRHSJE[EXIVWLIH[LIVIJPS[MWRSX
GSRGIRXVEXIHERHXLIVIEVIRSGLERRIPW8LIPIRKXLSJSZIVPERHJPS[WLEPPFIVIJPIGXMZISJEGXYEP
GSRHMXMSRWERHWLEPPRSVQEPP]FIRSKVIEXIVXLERJIIX
;LIVIXLISZIVPERHJPS[HSIWRSXGSRXEMRER]WPSTIWI\GIIHMRK %2(MJXLIWSMPWEVI
RSXHIWMKREXIHEWLMKLP]IVSHMFPIEQE\MQYQPIRKXLSJSZIVPERHJPS[SJJIIXQE]FIYWIH
,MKLP]IVSHMFPIWSMPWEVIHIWMKREXIHEW9RMXIH7XEXIW(ITEVXQIRXSJ%KVMGYPXYVI2EXYVEP
6IWSYVGIW'SRWIVZEXMSR7IVZMGIPERHGETEFMPMX]GPEWWMJMGEXMSR
0''
GPEWWIW---I-:I:-:--SV
:---SVLEZMRKERIVSHMFMPMX]MRHI\KVIEXIVXLERSVIUYEPXS 3ZIVPERHJPS[WLEPPFIGEPGYPEXIH
YWMRKXLI7IIP]IGLEVXGSRXEMRIHMRXLI%TTIRHM\%
4.3.3Shallow Concentrated Flow
7LEPPS[GSRGIRXVEXIHJPS[MWXLIJPS[XLEXSGGYVW[LIRQMRSVVMZYPIXWJSVQNYWX
HS[RWXVIEQJVSQXLISZIVPERHJPS[8LIQE\MQYQEPPS[EFPIPIRKXLJSVWLEPPS[GSRGIRXVEXIH
JPS[WLEPPFIJIIX
7LEPPS[GSRGIRXVEXIHJPS[WLEPPFIGEPGYPEXIHYWMRKXLI3ZIVPERH*PS[:IPSGMX]'LEVXJVSQ
,)' SVF]YWMRKXLIRSQSKVETLIRXMXPIHw8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSRSJ7QEPP(VEMREKI&EWMRWx
HIZIPSTIHF]4>/MVTMGL'STMIWSJXLIGLEVXERHRSQSKVETLEVIGSRXEMRIHMR%TTIRHM\%
4.3.4Channelized Flow
'LERRIPM^IHJPS[SGGYVW[LIVIWXSVQ[EXIVJPS[GSRZIVKIWMRKYPPMIWHMXGLIWERH
REXYVEPSVQERQEHI[EXIVGSRZI]ERGIWMRGPYHMRKWXSVQHVEMRTMTIWERHGYPZIVXW
'LERRIPM^IHJPS[WLEPPFIGEPGYPEXIHF]YWISJXLIRSQSKVETLIRXMXPIHw8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSR
SJ7QEPP(VEMREKI&EWMRWxHIZIPSTIHF]4>/MVTMGL%GST]SJXLIRSQSKVETLMWGSRXEMRIHMR
%TTIRHM\%
4.3.5Pipe Flow
4MTIJPS[MWXLIJPS[XLEXSGGYVWXLVSYKLGYPZIVXWERHWXSVQHVEMRW9WIJYPPJPS[TMTI
ZIPSGMXMIWYRPIWWMXQE]FIHIQSRWXVEXIHXLEXXLITMTI[MPPSTIVEXIEXTEVXMEPJYPPGSRHMXMSRW-JMX
GERFIWLS[RXLEXXLITMTI[MPPSTIVEXIEXTEVXMEPJYPPGSRHMXMSRWXLIRXLITEVXMEPJYPPTMTI
ZIPSGMX]QE]FIYWIH
(IWMKRSJJPS[XLVSYKLGYPZIVXWMWTVIWIRXIHMR'LETXIV
(IWMKRSJJPS[MRWXSVQHVEMRW]WXIQWMWTVIWIRXIHMR'LETXIV
4.4Selection of Methodologies
4.4.1General
COUNTYOFROANOKE
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STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
8LIVIEVIEZEVMIX]SJ[MHIP]YWIHL]HVSPSKMGQIXLSHSPSKMIW)EGLLEWMXWWXVIRKXLWERH
[IEORIWWIW-RXLIMRXIVIWXSJWXERHEVHM^MRKL]HVSPSKMGGEPGYPEXMSRWXLIJSPPS[MRK
QIXLSHSPSKMIW[MPPFIYWIHJSVEPPTVSNIGXWYRPIWWXLI'SYRX]EKVIIWXLEXKSSHIRKMRIIVMRK
TVEGXMGIHMGXEXIWXLIYWISJERSXLIVQIXLSH
4.4.2Peak Discharge Methods for Design of Storm Drainage Systems
8LIVEXMSREPQIXLSHQE]FIYWIHXSHIWMKRWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWJSVHVEMREKIEVIEWYT
XSEGVIW
8LI7'7QIXLSHQE]FIYWIHJSVHVEMREKIEVIEWYTXSWUYEVIQMPIW
*SVHVEMREKIEVIEWKVIEXIVXLERWUYEVIQMPIWGEPGYPEXMSRWWLEPPFITIVJSVQIHYWMRKEX
PIEWXX[SWITEVEXIQIXLSHWEWHIWGVMFIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
7'7QIXLSHVIKVIWWMSR
IUYEXMSRWERHSVWXVIEQKEKIHEXE
8LIHIWMKRTIEOJPS[WLEPPFIWIPIGXIHFEWIHSRE
TVSJIWWMSREPIZEPYEXMSRSJXLIVIWYPXWSJXLIZEVMSYWQIXLSHW
4.4.3Hydrograph Methodsfor Design of Stormwater Management Facilities
8LIQSHMJMIHVEXMSREPQIXLSHQE]FIYWIHXSHIWMKRWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW
[LIVIHVEMREKIEVIEWEVIPIWWXLEREGVIWERHXMQIWSJGSRGIRXVEXMSREVIPIWWXLERQMRYXIW
8LI7'7QIXLSHQE]FIYWIHMREPPGEWIW8LI7'7QIXLSHQYWXFIYWIH[LIVI
HVEMREKIEVIEWEVIEGVIWSVKVIEXIVSV[LIVIXMQIWSJGSRGIRXVEXMSREVIQMRYXIWSVPSRKIV
4.5Methodologies
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1ERYEPERHXLI:%7;1,ERHFSSOJSVEQSVIGSQTPIXIHMWGYWWMSR
4.5.1Rational Method
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
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4-4
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
-!%ZIVEKIVEMRJEPPMRXIRWMX]JSVEHYVEXMSRIUYEPXSXLIXMQISJ
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8LIPS[IVVERKISJ'ZEPYIWWLSYPHFIYWIH[LIVIXLIQENSVMX]SJXLIWPSTIWEVIPIWWXLER
TIVGIRX8LIEZIVEKIVERKISJ'ZEPYIWWLSYPHFIYWIH[LIVIXLIQENSVMX]SJWPSTIWEVIXS
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
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STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
(VEMREKIEVIE
%
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4.5.2Modified Rational Method
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WIVMIWSJEZIVEKIVEMRJEPPMRXIRWMXMIWJVSQHMJJIVIRXWXSVQW[MXLXLIWEQIJVIUYIRG]ERHHMJJIVIRX
HYVEXMSRWEVIGSQTYXIH8LIL]HVSKVETLJVSQXLIGVMXMGEPHYVEXMSRWXSVQMWYWIHXSHIWMKR
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8LI1SHMJMIH6EXMSREP1IXLSHVIGSKRM^IWXLEXXLIHYVEXMSRSJEWXSVQMWSJXIRPSRKIV
XLERXLIXMQISJGSRGIRXVEXMSR8LMWPSRKIVHYVEXMSRWXSVQIZIRXLSYKLMXTVSHYGIWEPS[IVTIEO
5GERTVSHYGIEPEVKIVZSPYQISJVYRSJJXLERXLIWXSVQHYVEXMSRIUYEPXSXLIEGXYEPXMQISJ
GSRGIRXVEXMSRSJXLIHVEMREKIEVIE-RSVHIVXSIRWYVIXLITVSTIVHIWMKRSJWXSVQ[EXIV
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4-6
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]ERHHIQSRWXVEXMRK[LMGLWXSVQHYVEXMSRKMZIWXLIKVIEXIWXZSPYQISJ
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4-7
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
)PIZEXMSRz(MWGLEVKI6IPEXMSRWLMT
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--
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4-8
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYCHAPTER 4
TVMRGMTPIW8LIL]HVEYPMGTVMRGMTEPWERHIUYEXMSRWKSZIVRMRKXLIHMWGLEVKIVEXI[MPPSJXIR
GLERKIWIZIVEPXMQIWEXZEV]MRKIPIZEXMSRW8LIWIMRGPYHI[IMVJPS[SVMJMGIJPS[GYPZIVXMRPIX
GSRXVSPGYPZIVXSYXPIXGSRXVSPSTIRGLERRIPJPS[ERHTSWWMFPIIJJIGXWJVSQHS[RWXVIEQ
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4-9
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
APPENDIX 4A
DESIGN AIDS
FROM CHAPTER 6, VDOT DRAINAGE MANUAL
3ZIVPERH*PS[2SQEKVETLz7IIP]I
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8MQISJ'SRGIRXVEXMSRJSV7QEPP(VEMREKI&EWMRWz/MVTMGL
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6EXMSREP1IXLSH6YRSJJ'SIJJMGMIRXW
6YRSJJ'YVZI2YQFIVWJSV9VFER%VIEW
6YRSJJ'YVZI2YQFIVWJSV'YPXMZEXIH%KVMGYPXYVEP%VIEW
6YRSJJ'YVZI2YQFIVWJSV3XLIV%KVMGYPXYVEP%VIEW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-1
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
OVERLAND FLOW–SEELYE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-2
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
OVERLAND FLOW VELOCITY
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-3
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
TIME OF CONCENTRATION -KIRPICH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-4
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
AVERAGE VELOCITIES FOR ESTIMATING
TRAVEL TIME FOR SHALLOW CONCENTRATED FLOW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-5
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
RATIONAL METHOD –RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS
Description of AreaRunoff Coefficients
&YWMRIWW -RHYWXVMEPERH'SQQIVGMEP
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8LILMKLIWXVERKISJVYRSJJGSIJJMGMIRXWWLEPPFIYWIHJSVWXIITEVIEW
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JSVGPYWXIVEVIEWERHJSVHIZIPSTQIRXMRGPE]WSMP
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TSWX
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,MKLIVVYRSJJGSIJJMGMIRXWWLSYPHFIYWIHXSHIWMKRVSEHWMHIHMXGLPMRMRKW
GSRWXVYGXMSR
8LI
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-6
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS FOR URBAN AREAS
Soil Group
ABCD
Cover type and hydrologic condition
3TIRWTEGI
PE[RWTEVOWKSPJGSYVWIWGIQIXEVMIW
4SSVGSRHMXMSR
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I\GPYHMRKVMKLXSJ[E]
7XVIIXWERHVSEHW
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I\GPYHMRKVMKLXSJ[E]
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2I[P]KVEHIHEVIEW
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-7
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS FOR
CULTIVATED AGRICULTURAL AREAS
CoverTreatmentHydrologicSoil Group
typecondition
ABCD
*EPPS[&EVIWSMP
'VSTVIWMHYI4SSV
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+SSH!*EGXSVWIRGSYVEKIEZIVEKIERHFIXXIVXLEREZIVEKIMRJMPXVEXMSRERHXIRHXSHIGVIEWIVYRSJJ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-8
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4A
RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS FOR
OTHER AGRICULTURAL AREAS
CoverHydrologicSoil Group
typecondition
ABCD
4EWXYVIKVEWWPERHSVVERKI4SSV
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&VYWLzFVYWL[IIHKVEWWQM\XYVI4SSV
[MXLFVYWLEWXLIQENSVIPIQIRX*EMV
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FYVRMRK
*EMVz;SSHWKVE^IHFYXRSXFYVRIHERHWSQIJSVIWXPMXXIVGSZIVWXLIWSMP
+SSHz;SSHWTVSXIGXIHJVSQKVE^MRKPMXXIVERHFVYWLEHIUYEXIP]GSZIVWSMP
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4A-9
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
APPENDIX 4B
DESIGN AIDS
FROM CHAPTER 4, VA SWM HANDBOOK
6EXMSREP)UYEXMSR'SIJJMGMIRXWJSV7'7,]HVSPSKMGEP7SMP+VSYTW9VFER0ERH9WIW
6EXMSREP)UYEXMSR'SIJJMGMIRXWJSV7'7,]HVSPSKMGEP7SMP+VSYTW6YVEPERH%KVMGYPXYVEP9WIW
6SYKLRIWW'SIJJMGMIRXwRxJSV1ERRMRK)UYEXMSRz7LIIX*PS[
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6SYKLRIWW'SIJJMGMIRXwRxJSV1ERRMRK)UYEXMSRz'SRWXVYGXIH'LERRIPW
6SYKLRIWW'SIJJMGMIRXwRxJSV1ERRMRK)UYEXMSRz2EXYVEP7XVIEQ'LERRIPW
,]HVSPSKMG7SMPW2EQIWMR:MVKMRME
WLIIXW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-1
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n”
FOR MANNING EQUATION –SHEET FLOW
Surface Descriptionn
7QSSXL7YVJEGIW
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-4
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n”
FOR MANNING EQUATION –PIPE FLOW
“n” Range
Material
FromTo
'SEXIH'EWX-VSR
9RGSEXIH'EWX-VSR
:MXVMJMIH7I[IV4MTI
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'SVVYKEXIH1IXEP
\¡
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-5
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n”
FOR MANNING EQUATION –CONSTRUCTED CHANNEL
“n” Range
Lining Material
FromTo
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(VIHKIH)EVXL'LERRIPW
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7QEPP+VEWW'LERRIPW
0SRK+VEWWzx
7LSVX+VEWWzx
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-6
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT “n”
FOR MANNING EQUATION –NATURAL STREAM CHANNEL
“n” Range
Channel Lining
FromTo
'PIER7XVEMKLX&ERO*YPP7XEKI
2S6MJXWSV(IIT4SSPW
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'PIER
7EQIEW0S[IV7XEKIW1SVI
-RIJJIGXMZI7PSTIERH7IGXMSRW
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:IV]6IIH]6IEGLIW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-7
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-8
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-9
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-10
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-11
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-12
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-13
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4B-14
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4C
APPENDIX 4C
INFORMATION FROM VDOT
HYDRAULIC DESIGN ADVISORIES
6EMRJEPP-RXIRWMXMIW
MRGLIWLSYV
JSVXLI6SERSOI:EPPI]
&EWIHSR:(38,(%
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4C-1
STORMWATER HYDROLOGYAPPENDIX 4C
RAINFALL INTENSITY (IN/HR)
FOR THE ROANOKE VALLEY
7XSVQ(YVEXMSR
QMR
8EFPIFEWIHSR:(38,]HVEYPMG(IWMKR%HZMWSV],%(
)
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J
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14STORMWATERHYDROLOGY
4C-2
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
Chapter 5–OpenChannels
3TIRGLERRIPWEVIQERQEHIHMXGLIWERHGLERRIPWERHREXYVEPGLERRIPWXLEXEVIYWIHXS
GSRZI]WXSVQ[EXIVJPS[8LMWWIGXMSRHIJMRIWGVMXIVMEERHVIWXVMGXMSRWXSFIYWIHMRHIWMKRMRK
STIRGLERRIPW;LIVISTIRGLERRIPWEVIETEVXSJE&14XLI]WLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLIWXEXI
VIUYMVIQIRXWJSVXLITYVTSWIWSJ[EXIVUYEPMX]MQTVSZIQIRX LS[IZIVXLI]WLEPPEPWSGSQTP]
[MXLXLMW(IWMKR1ERYEPvWVIUYMVIQIRXWJSV[EXIVGSRZI]ERGI
5.1References
8LITVMQEV]HIWMKRVIJIVIRGIWEVI
:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
:%)
7',ERHFSSO
,]HVEYPMG)RKMRIIVMRK'MVGYPEV2YQFIV
,)'
(IWMKRSJ6SEHWMHI'LERRIPW
[MXL*PI\MFPI0MRMRKW'YVVIRX)HMXMSREWEQIRHIH
:%7;1,ERHFSSO
5.2Design Methodologyand Criteria
5.2.1Major and Minor Manmade Open Channels
%QENSVGLERRIPMWHIWMKRIHXSGSRZI]PIWWJVIUYIRXWXSVQIZIRXW[LMGL[SYPHLEZI
WMKRMJMGERXEHZIVWIGSRWIUYIRGIWMJMXJEMPIH1ENSVGLERRIPWTVSXIGXFYMPHMRKWERHSXLIV
MQTSVXERXJIEXYVIWJVSQJPSSHMRKERHGEXEWXVSTLMGJEMPYVIW
%QMRSVGLERRIPMWHIWMKRIHXSGSRZI]QSVIJVIUYIRXWXSVQIZIRXWERHXLI]MRGPYHIQSWX
SRWMXISTIRGLERRIPWERHVSEHWMHIHMXGLIW8LIWIWXVYGXYVIWLEZIPIWWEHZIVWIGSRWIUYIRGIWHYI
XSSZIVXSTTMRK
5.2.2Design Flow
(IWMKRJPS[JSVQERQEHISTIRGLERRIPW[MXLMREHIZIPSTQIRXMWGSRXEMRIHMR'LETXIV
(IWMKRJPS[WJSVHS[RWXVIEQGLERRIPWERHEPPREXYVEPGLERRIPWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLI:%7;1
6IKYPEXMSRW
5.2.3Hydrology
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-1
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
7II'LETXIVJSVQIXLSHSPSK]YWIHXSHIXIVQMRITIEOJPS[WJSVEKMZIRHIWMKR
JVIUYIRG]
5.2.4Channel Hydraulics
3TIRGLERRIPHIWMKR[MPPFIFEWIHSR1ERRMRKvW)UYEXMSRJSVSTIRGLERRIPJPS[YRPIWW
KSSHIRKMRIIVMRKTVEGXMGIHMGXEXIWYWMRK,)'6%7SVSXLIVQIXLSH7IIXLI:%7;1
,ERHFSSOERH:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPEWETTVSTVMEXI
5!%\ R\6\7
;LIVI
5!*PS[MRXLISTIRGLERRIP
GJW
%!'VSWWWIGXMSREVIESJXLIGLERRIP
JX
6!%[IXXIHTIVMQIXIV
JX
7!'LERRIPWPSTI
JXJX
R!'LERRIPVSYKLRIWWGSIJJMGMIRX
2SQSKVETLWLEZIFIIRMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%JSVYWIMRWSPZMRK1ERRMRKvWIUYEXMSRWIXXMRK
GLERRIPGLEVEGXIVMWXMGW
5.2.5Channel Velocity
8LIPMRMRKSJQMRSVGLERRIPW[MXLHVEMREKIEVIEWSJJMZIEGVIWERHPIWWWLEPPFIHIWMKRIH
XS[MXLWXERHXLIIVSWMZIIJJIGXWSJE]IEVWXSVQ8LIPMRMRKSJQMRSVGLERRIPW[MXLHVEMREKI
EVIEWSZIVJMZIEGVIWERHQENSVGLERRIPWWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHXS[MXLWXERHXLIIVSWMZIIJJIGXWSJE
]IEVWXSVQ8LIJMREPHIWMKRWLEPPFIGSRWMWXIRX[MXLZIPSGMX]PMQMXEXMSRWJSVXLIWIPIGXIH
GLERRIPPMRMRKEWTVIWIRXIHMR8EFPI
1ENSVGLERRIPWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLHEQIQFEROQIRXWTMPP[E]WSVSXLIVWXVYGXYVIW[LIVI
GEXEWXVSTLMGJEMPYVIGSYPHVIWYPXJVSQEPMRMRKJEMPYVIQE]FIVIUYMVIHXSFIHIWMKRIHXS[MXLWXERH
EQSVIWIZIVIWXSVQIZIRX
;LIVISTIRGLERRIPWVIGIMZIJPS[JVSQWXSVQHVEMRWGYPZIVXWSVSXLIVSTIRGLERRIPWSV
MRSXLIVEVIEW[LIVIGLERRIPZIPSGMX]QE]GEYWIWGSYVMRKSVIVSWMSRSYXPIXTVSXIGXMSRSVIRIVK]
HMWWMTEXMSRQE]FIRIGIWWEV]XSVIHYGIXLITSXIRXMEPJSVWIZIVIIVSWMSR*SVXLIHIWMKRSJIRIVK]
HMWWMTEXMSRHIZMGIWWII'LETXIV
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-2
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
TABLE 5-1
Maximum Velocity Based on Channel Lining
Channel LiningMaximum Velocity
(Design Storm)
)VSWMSR6IWMWXERX)EWMP])VSHMFPI
7SMPW7SMPW
:IKIXEXMZI0MRIH'LERRIPW
8EPP*IWGYI+VEWW1M\XYVIWJTWJTW
/IRXYGO]&PYIKVEWWJTWJTW
%RRYEPERH4IVIRRMEP6]IJTWJTW
7SHJTWJTW
+ISW]RXLIXMG0MRIH'LERRIPW
:(38)'JTW
:(38)'8]TI%JTW
:(38)'8]TI&JTW
3XLIV4IV1JV
6IGSQQIRHEXMSRW
6MTVET(ITIRHIRXSRWXSRIWM^IERH
XLMGORIWWWII,)'JSVHIWMKRSJ
VMTVETGLERRIPW
'SRGVIXI2SRI
)VSWMSRVIWMWXERXWSMPWMRGPYHIXLSWI[MXLELMKLGPE]GSRXIRXERHLMKLTPEWXMGMX]WMPX]
GPE]WERH]GPE]ERHGPE]
)EWMP]IVSHMFPIWSMPWMRGPYHIXLSWI[MXLELMKLGSRXIRXSJJMRIWERHSVWMPX]PS[IV
TPEWXMGMX]SVRSRTPEWXMGWERHWMPXWERH]PSEQERHWMPX]PSEQ[MXLERIVSHMFMPMX]JEGXSV
/
KVIEXIVXLER
7SMPWWLEPPFITVIWYQIHXSFIIEWMP]IVSHMFPI YRPIWWEKISXIGLRMGEPMRZIWXMKEXMSRMW
TIVJSVQIHXLEXWEQTPIWERHXIWXWXLIWSMPW
%PPGLERRIPWGSRWXVYGXIHMRJMPPWWLEPPFIGSRWMHIVIHXSFIMRIEWMP]IVSHMFPIWSMPW
5.2.6Channel Slope
+IRIVEPP]XLIGLERRIPWPSTIWLEPPFIIWXEFPMWLIHF]XLIWMXIXSTSKVETL]3TIRGLERRIPW
QYWXFIKVEHIHXSHVEMR[MXLRSWXERHMRK[EXIVJSPPS[MRKEVEMRIZIRX8LIQMRMQYQEPPS[EFPI
KVEHIWLEPPKIRIVEPP]FITIVGIRXJSVZIKIXEXIHPMRIHERHVMTVETPMRIHSTIRGLERRIPWERH
TIVGIRXJSVEGSRGVIXISTIRGLERRIP
8LIQE\MQYQEPPS[EFPIKVEHIJSVEWXSVQ[EXIVGLERRIPWLEPPFIHITIRHIRXSRXLI
GLERRIPPMRMRKQEXIVMEPWERHMXWEFMPMX]XS[MXLWXERHIVSWMSRHYVMRKXLIHIWMKRWXSVQ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-3
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
5.2.7Cross Sectional Area
3TIRGLERRIPGVSWWWIGXMSREVIEWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHFEWIHSRWMXIVIWXVMGXMSRWERHGLERRIP
GETEGMX]VIUYMVIQIRXW
%GGITXEFPIGVSWWWIGXMSREPEVIESTXMSRWMRGPYHI
:II
4EVEFSPMG
8VETI^SMHEP
6IGXERKYPEV
%:II
*SVHIWMKREMHWWIIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPERHXLI:%)
8LIQE\MQYQWMHIWPSTISJEZIIWLETISTIRGLERRIPMWLSVM^SRXEPXSZIVXMGEPJSV
ZIKIXEXIHGLERRIPW
MRGPYHMRKVIMRJSVGIHZIKIXEXIH
ERHMWLSVM^SRXEPXSZIVXMGEPJSVEPPSXLIV
PMRMRKWIRKMRIIVIHXSFIWXEFPIEXXLMWWPSTI
&4EVEFSPMG
*SVHIWMKREMHWWIIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPERHXLI:%)
'8VETI^SMHEP
*SVHIWMKREMHWWIIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPERHXLI:%)
7',ERHFSSO
8LIQE\MQYQWMHIWPSTISJEXVETI^SMHEPWLETISTIRGLERRIPMWLSVM^SRXEPXSZIVXMGEP
JSVZIKIXEXIHGLERRIPW
-RGPYHMRKVIMRJSVGIHZIKIXEXIH
ERHMWLSVM^SRXEPXSZIVXMGEPJSVEPP
SXLIVPMRMRKWIRKMRIIVIHXSFIWXEFPIEXXLMWWPSTI
(6IGXERKYPEV
6IGXERKYPEVGLERRIPWWLEPPSRP]FIEPPS[IH[LIVIWMXIVIWXVMGXMSRWTVIZIRXXLIMRWXEPPEXMSR
SJEZIITEVEFSPMGSVXVETI^SMHEPGLERRIP
8LIVIUYMVIQIRXWJSVVIGXERKYPEVGLERRIPWETTP]XSER]STIRGLERRIP[MXLWMHIWPSTIW
KVIEXIVXLERLSVM^SRXEPXSZIVXMGEP
6IGXERKYPEVGLERRIPWQYWXIMXLIVFIGSRGVIXISVKEFMSRW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-4
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
%RETTVSZIHWEJIX]FEVVMIVQYWXFITPEGIHSRFSXLWMHIWJSVXLIPIRKXLSJXLIVIGXERKYPEV
GLERRIP[LIVIXLIGLERRIPMWQSVIXLERJIIXHIIT
'EVIQYWXFIXEOIRXSIRWYVIXLEXIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRMWTPEGIHEXXLISYXJEPPSJXLI
VIGXERKYPEVGLERRIPXSTVIZIRXIVSWMSREXXLIHMWGLEVKITSMRX
5.2.8Channel Lining
%RSTIRGLERRIPPMRMRKWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHFEWIHSRXLIGVSWWWIGXMSRWPSTIERHGLERRIP
ZIPSGMX]VIUYMVIQIRXW8LIHIWMKRQE]FIFEWIHSREGSRWMHIVEXMSRSJIMXLIVTIVQMWWMZIZIPSGMX]
SVXVEGXMZIJSVGIEWHIWGVMFIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
8LITVIJIVVIHQIXLSHJSVEREP]^MRKGLERRIPPMRMRKWMWXSGSQTEVIXLIQE\MQYQ
TIVQMWWMFPIZIPSGMX]JSVXLIGLERRIPPMRMRKPMWXIHMR8EFPIMRXLMWGLETXIVSJXLI(IWMKR
1ERYEPXSXLIHIWMKRZIPSGMX]GSQTYXIHYWMRK1ERRMRKvWIUYEXMSRXSZIVMJ]XLEXXLIWIPIGXIH
PMRMRKMWEHIUYEXI%WEREPXIVREXMZIXLIWIPIGXIHPMRMRKQE]FIEREP]^IHYWMRKXLI8VEGXMZI
*SVGI1IXLSHTYFPMWLIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP8LMWQIXLSHEREP]^IWWIHMQIRXGVMXMGEP
WLIEVPSEHMRKSRXLISTIRGLERRIPFSXXSQERHWMHIWPSTI8LITIVQMWWMFPIXVEGXMZIJSVGIJSV
ZEVMSYWWSMPWMWPSGEXIHMRXLI%TTIRHM\SJXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
3TIRGLERRIPWQE]LEZIHMJJIVIRXPMRMRKQEXIVMEPWMRHMJJIVIRXGLERRIPVIEGLIWFEWIHSR
ZIPSGMX]ERHTSXIRXMEPIVSWMSRGSRHMXMSRW'EVIQYWXFII\IVGMWIHXSEZSMHIVSWMSREXSTIR
GLERRIPXVERWMXMSRTSMRXW
8LISTIRGLERRIPPMRMRK[MPPLEZIERMQTEGXSRXLIHIWMKRGETEGMX]MRXLIJSVQSJXLI
VSYKLRIWWGSIJJMGMIRX%XEFPISJKIRIVEPP]EGGITXIHVSYKLRIWWGSIJJMGMIRX
R
JSVZEVMSYW
GLERRIPWERHPMRMRKWMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%
%PPS[EFPISTIRGLERRIPPMRMRKWMRGPYHIXLIJSPPS[MRK
%2EXYVEP
8SXLIQE\MQYQI\XIRXTSWWMFPIREXYVEPGLERRIPWWLEPPFITVIWIVZIH(IWMKRHMWGLEVKIW
JVSQTIVQMXXIHPERHHMWXYVFMRKEGXMZMXMIWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLI:%7;16IKYPEXMSRW
&:IKIXEXMZI0MRIH
:IKIXEXIHSVKVEWWPMRIHGLERRIPWMRGPYHIQERQEHIGLERRIPWPMRIH[MXLIWXEFPMWLIH
ZIKIXEXMSR8LIWIGLERRIPWYWYEPP]MRGPYHIEKISW]RXLIXMGQEXJSVGLERRIPWXEFMPM^EXMSR
8LIX]TISJKVEWWEPPS[EFPIJSVZIKIXEXMZIPMRIHSTIRGLERRIPWMWHITIRHERXSRXLIWPSTI
SJXLIGLERRIPERHXLITIEOGEPGYPEXIHZIPSGMX]8EFPIHIXEMPWXLIQE\MQYQTIVQMWWMFPI
ZIPSGMXMIWJSVZEVMSYWGLERRIPPMRMRKW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-5
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
%TIVQERIRXGLERRIPWXEFMPM^EXMSRKISW]RXLIXMGQEXWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIHJSVEPP
ZIKIXEXIHGLERRIPW8LIVIEVIE[MHIZEVMIX]SJKISW]RXLIXMGWXEFMPM^EXMSRQEXSTXMSRWJVSQ
ZEVMSYWQERYJEGXYVIVW8LIKISW]RXLIXMGQEXWIPIGXIHWLSYPHFIEHIUYEXIJSVXLIWPSTIERH
HIWMKRJPS[ZIPSGMXMIWGEPGYPEXIHJSVXLIGLERRIP;LIVIETTVSTVMEXI:(386SEHERH&VMHKI
7XERHEVH)'SV)'QE]FIYWIH
;LIVIETIVQERIRXKISW]RXLIXMGQEXMWYWIHXSTVSZMHIGLERRIPWXEFMPM^EXMSRMRJSVQEXMSR
SRXLITVSTSWIHQEXMRXLIJSVQSJQERYJEGXYVIVvWGEXEPSKMRJSVQEXMSRWLEPPFIWYFQMXXIHEWE
TEVXSJXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXTPER8LIGEXEPSKMRJSVQEXMSRWLEPPMRGPYHIXLI
QERYJEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRWJSVQE\MQYQEPPS[EFPIZIPSGMX](IWMKRHVE[MRKWQYWXWXEXI
XLEXXLIKISW]RXLIXMGWXEFMPM^EXMSRQEXWLEPPFIMRWXEPPIHMRWXVMGXEGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI
QERYJEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW
;LIVIETIVQERIRXGLERRIPWXEFMPM^EXMSRKISW]RXLIXMGMWRSXYWIHEXIQTSVEV]
KISW]RXLIXMGPMRMRKHIWMKRIHXSTVSZMHIEQIEWYVISJFEROWXEFMPMX]YRXMPWYGLXMQIEVIEWSREFP]
WXEFPIERHQEXYVIWXERHSJZIKIXEXMSRMWIWXEFPMWLIHWLEPPFITVSZMHIH
'6MTVET0MRIH
8LIYWISJZIKIXEXIHERHKISW]RXLIXMGPMRIHSTIRGLERRIPWJSVKIRXPIWPSTIHSTIR
GLERRIPWERHGSRGVIXIJSVWXIITWPSTIHSTIRGLERRIPWMWVIGSQQIRHIH6MTVETPMRIHGLERRIPW
[MPPRSXFIEGGITXEFPI[LIVIZIKIXEXIHSVKISW]RXLIXMGPMRIHSTIRGLERRIPWEVIJIEWMFPI
,S[IZIV[LIVIHIWMKRJPS[ZIPSGMXMIWI\GIIHXLIIVSWMZIGETEFMPMX]SJEREXYVEPSVZIKIXEXMZI
PMRIHGLERRIPVMTVETQE]FIYWIHEWEGLERRIPPMRIVMREVIEW[LIVIIVSWMSRMWEGSRGIVR*SVER
I\XIRHIHPIRKXLSJLMKLZIPSGMX]GLERRIPGSRWMHIVEXMSRWLSYPHFIKMZIRXSYWMRKEGSRGVIXI
GLERRIPVEXLIVXLERVMTVET
;LIVIVMTVETMWVIUYMVIHHYIXSZIPSGMX]GSRHMXMSRWMXWLEPPQIIX:(387XERHEVHWERH
:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW:(38VIGSQQIRHIHTIVGIRXWXSRIWM^I
(
ERH[IMKLX
;
ERH
VIGSQQIRHIHXLMGORIWW
8
JSVZEVMSYWVMTVETGPEWWMJMGEXMSRWMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%
('SRGVIXI0MRIH
6IMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXIWLEPPFIGSRWMHIVIH[LIVIHIWMKRZIPSGMXMIWHMGXEXISV[LIVIXLIVIMW
ERIIHXSTVSZMHIXLIQE\MQYQPIZIPSJIVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSR
5.2.9Freeboard Requirements
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-6
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
1ERQEHIGLERRIPW[MXLMREHIZIPSTQIRXWLEPPLEZIEQMRMQYQSJxSJJVIIFSEVHEFSZI
XLIGEPGYPEXIH[EXIVPIZIPHYVMRKXLIHIWMKRTIEOJPS[YRPIWWJPS[MWWYTIVGVMXMGEP;LIVIJPS[
MWWYTIVGVMXMGEPEQMRMQYQSJxSJJVIIFSEVHMWVIUYMVIH*PS[MWWYTIVGVMXMGEP[LIR
:
\,
"
:!ZIPSGMX]
JTW
,!HITXLSJJPS[
JIIX
%XFIRHWERHGYVZIWXLIJVIIFSEVHWLEPPFIQIEWYVIHJVSQXLIGEPGYPEXIH[EXIVPIZIP
MRGPYHMRKXLIMRGVIEWIHHITXLHYIXSXLIWYTIVIPIZEXMSRSJXLI[EXIVWYVJEGI
5.2.10Calculation of Depth of Flow at Bends and Curves
-RGVIEWIWMRXLIHITXLSJJPS[SGGYVEXFIRHWERHGYVZIWHYIXSXLIWYTIVIPIZEXMSRSJXLI
[EXIVWYVJEGI7YTIVIPIZEXMSRSJXLI[EXIVWYVJEGIEXFIRHWERHGYVZIWMWGEPGYPEXIHF]
\V
\
VzV
[LIVI
GSM
:!EZIVEKIZIPSGMX]
JXW
V!VEHMYWSJXLIGIRXIVSJXLIWXVIEQEXXLIFIRH
JX
G
V!VEHMYWSJXLISYXWMHIFEROSJXLIWXVIEQEXXLIFIRH
JX
S
V!VEHMYWSJXLIMRWMHIFEROSJXLIWXVIEQEXXLIFIRH
JX
M
8LIMRGVIEWIMRXLIRSVQEPWXVIEQJPS[HITXLEXXLISYXIVFEROSJERSTIRGLERRIPFIRH
5.2.11Channel Locationand Width Restrictionson Residential Lots
8LIXSTWSJSTIRGLERRIPFEROWWLEPPFIEXPIEWXJIIXJVSQEVIWMHIRGI
;LIVIQERQEHISTIRGLERRIPWGSPPIGXWXSVQ[EXIVJVSQQSVIXLERSRIPSXERHXLI]EVI
PSGEXIHSREVIWMHIRXMEP^SRIHPSXXLIMVYWIWLEPPFIVIWXVMGXIHEWJSPPS[W;LIVIEPPVIUYMVIQIRXW
GERRSXFIQIXEGPSWIHTMTIWXSVQHVEMRW]WXIQMWVIUYMVIH
6IWMHIRXMEPPSXWM^IEGVISVKVIEXIV
2SEHHMXMSREPVIWXVMGXMSRW
o
6IWMHIRXMEPPSXWM^IEGVISVKVIEXIVFYXPIWWXLEREGVI
3TIRGLERRIPXST[MHXLWLEPPFIEQE\MQYQSJJIIX
o
1E\MQYQHVEMREKIEVIETEWWMRKXLVSYKLXLISTIRGLERRIPWLEPPFI
o
EGVIW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-7
OPEN CHANNELS CHAPTER 5
6IWMHIRXMEPPSXWM^IPIWWXLEREGVI
3TIRGLERRIPXST[MHXLWLEPPFIEQE\MQYQSJJIIX
o
1E\MQYQHVEMREKIEVIETEWWMRKXLVSYKLXLISTIRGLERRIPWLEPPFI
o
EGVIW
8LIEFSZIVIWXVMGXMSRWHSRSXETTP]MJER]SRISJXLIJSPPS[MRKGSRHMXMSRWMWTVIWIRX
8LISTIRGLERRIPMWEREXYVEPGLERRIPXLEXLEWEHIUYEXIGETEGMX]8LIVIXIRXMSR
SJREXYVEPGLERRIPWMWIRGSYVEKIH
8LISTIRGLERRIPMWETIVIRRMEPSVMRXIVQMXXIRXWXVIEQXLEXLEWEHIUYEXIGETEGMX]
ERH[MPPVIQEMRYRHMWXYVFIH
-XQE]FIHIQSRWXVEXIHXLEXSTIRGLERRIPWEVIVIUYMVIHEWETEVXSJERMRXIKVEXIH
HIWMKRXSSFXEMRXLIRIGIWWEV][EXIVUYEPMX]XVIEXQIRX
5.3EnvironmentalConsiderations and Fishery Protection
'SRWXVYGXMSRSVQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSSTIRGLERRIPWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLEPPETTPMGEFPIPE[WERH
VIKYPEXMSRW8LIETTPMGERXMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVTVSGYVMRKEPPRIGIWWEV]TIVQMXWWYGLEW97%VQ]
'SVTWSJ)RKMRIIVWERH:%()5;IXPERH4IVQMXW:%()5:4()74IVQMXWIXGTVMSVXS
SFXEMRMRKE0ERH(MWXYVFERGI4IVQMX
5.4Maintenance Requirements
8LITIVQMXXIIMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJSTIRGLERRIPWYRXMPGSRWXVYGXMSRMW
GSQTPIXIMRGPYHMRKJMREPGPIERYTERHWMXIWXEFMPM^EXMSRXSXLIWEXMWJEGXMSRSJXLI'SYRX]SJ
6SERSOI%JXIVXLIGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRXLITVSTIVX]S[RIVMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSV
QEMRXIRERGISJSTIRGLERRIPW1EMRXIRERGIMRGPYHIWTIVMSHMGEPP]TVYRMRKSVQS[MRKZIKIXEXMSR
ERHVIQSZMRKHIFVMW
5.5Floodplain Studies
%JPSSHTPEMRWXYH]WLEPPFITIVJSVQIHJSVEPPHVEMREKIEVIEWKVIEXIVXLEREGVIWXLEXHS
RSXLEZIHIXEMPIH*)1%*PSSH-RWYVERGI7XYH]JPSSHTVSJMPIWSVIPIZEXMSRW7II'LETXIVJSV
EHHMXMSREPMRJSVQEXMSRSRJPSSHTPEMRVIUYMVIQIRXW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5-8
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
APPENDIX 5A
AIDS FOR OPEN CHANNEL DESIGN
FROM CHAPTER 7, VDOT DRAINAGE MANUAL
%TTIRHM\&0( 6SEHWMHIERH1IHMER(MXGL(IWMKR*SVQ
%TTIRHM\&'LERRIP7XEFMPMX];SVO7LIIX
%TTIRHM\&6MTVET(IWMKR;SVO7LIIXJSV7XERHEVH:(386MTVET7M^IW3RP]
%TTIRHM\&6MTVET(IWMKR;SVO7LIIXJSVSXLIVXLER:(387XERHEVH6MTVET7M^IW
%TTIRHM\'2SQSKVETLJSV7SPYXMSRSJ1ERRMRKvW)UYEXMSR
%TTIRHM\'8VETI^SMHEP'LERRIP'ETEGMX]'LEVX
%TTIRHM\'2SQSKVETLJSV7SPYXMSRSJ2SVQEP(ITXL
%TTIRHM\(:EPYIWSJ6SYKLRIWW'SIJJMGMIRXRWLIIXW
%TTIRHM\(7XERHEVH:(386MTVET'PEWWMJMGEXMSRW;IMKLXWERH&PEROIX8LMGORIWW
%TTIRHM\(7IPIGXMSRSJ7XEFMPMX]*EGXSVW
%TTIRHM\(4IVQMWWMFPI:IPSGMXMIWJSV)VSHMFPI0MRMRKW
%TTIRHM\)%RKPISJ6ITSWISJ6MTVETMR8IVQWSJ1IER7M^IERH7LETISJ7XSRI
%TTIRHM\)4IVQMWWMFPI7LIEV7XVIWWJSV2SR'SLIWMZI7SMPW
%TTIRHM\)4IVQMWWMFPI7LIEV7XVIWWJSV'SLIWMZI7SMPW
%TTIRHM\)&ERO%RKPI'SVVIGXMSR*EGXSV
/
2SQSKVETL
%TTIRHM\)'SVVIGXMSR*EGXSVJSV6MTVET7M^I
%TTIRHM\)6MTVET7M^I6IPEXMSRWLMT
%TTIRHM\)'LERRIP7MHI7LIEV7XVIWWXS&SXXSQ7LIEV7XVIWW6EXMS
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-1
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
%TTIRHM\) 8VEGXMZI*SVGI6EXMS
/
%TTIRHM\) (IXIVQMREXMSRSJ1IER7TLIVMGEP(MEQIXIV
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-2
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-3
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
CHANNEL STABILITY WORKSHEET
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-4
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
RIPRAP DESIGNWORKSHEET
(VDOT STANDARD SIZES)
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5A-5
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
RIPRAP DESIGNWORKSHEET
(NON-VDOT STANDARD SIZES)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-6
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
NOMOGRAPH FOR SOLUTION OF MANNINGS EQUATION
COUNTYOFROANOKE
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5A-7
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL CAPACITY CHART
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-8
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
NOMOGRAPH FOR SOLUTION OF NORMAL DEPTH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-9
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
VALUES OF ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT ‘n’
CHANNELS
Type of Channel and DescriptionMinimumNormalMaximum
0-2)(',%22)07
7IPIGXIHPMRMRKW
E'SRGVIXI
8VS[IPJMRMWL
*PSEXJMRMWL
+YRMXIKSSHWIGXMSR
F%WTLEPX
7QSSXL
6SYKL
)<'%:%8)(36(6)(+)(
E)EVXLWXVEMKLXERHYRMJSVQ
'PIERVIGIRXP]GSQTPIXIH
'PIEREJXIV[IEXLIVMRK
+VEZIPYRMJSVQWIGXMSRGPIER
;MXLWLSVXKVEWWJI[[IIHW
F)EVXL[MRHMRKERHWPYKKMWL
2SZIKIXEXMSR
+VEWWWSQI[IIHW
(IRWI[IIHWSVEUYEXMGTPERXWMRHIITGLERRIPW
)EVXLFSXXSQERHVYFFPIWMHIW
7XSR]FSXXSQERH[IIH]WMHIW
'SFFPIFSXXSQERHGPIERWMHIW
G(VEKPMRII\GEZEXIHSVHVIHKIH
2SZIKIXEXMSR
0MKLXFVYWLSRFEROW
H6SGOGYXW
7QSSXLERHYRMJSVQ
.EKKIHERHMVVIKYPEV
I'LERRIPWRSXQEMRXEMRIH[IIHWERHFVYWLYRGYX
(IRWI[IIHWLMKLEWJPS[HITXL
'PIERFSXXSQFVYWLSRWMHIW
7EQILMKLIWXWXEKISJJPS[
(IRWIFVYWLLMKLWXEKI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-10
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
VALUES OF ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT ‘n’
NATURAL STREAMS
Type of Channel and DescriptionMinimumNormalMaximum
2%896%0786)%17
1MRSVWXVIEQW
XST[MHXLEXJPSSHWXEKI JX
E7XVIEQWSR4PEMR
'PIERWXVEMKLXJYPPWXEKIRSVMJXWSVHIITTSSPW
7EQIEWEFSZIQSVIWXSRIWERH[IIHW
'PIER[MRHMRKWSQITSSPWWLSEPW
7EQIEWEFSZIFYXWSQI[IIHWERHWXSRIW
7EQIEWEFSZIPS[IVWXEKIWQSVIMRIJJIGXMZI
WPSTIWERHWIGXMSRW
7EQIEWFYXQSVIWXSRIW
7PYKKMWLVIEGLIW[IIH]HIITTSSPW
:IV]VIIH]VIEGLIWHIITTSSPWSVJPSSH[E]W
[MXLLIEZ]WXERHSJXMQFIVERHYRHIVFVYWL
F1SYRXEMR7XVIEQW
RSZIKIXEXMSRMRGLERRIP
FEROWYWYEPP]WXIITXVIIWERHFVYWLEPSRKFEROW
WYFQIVKIHEXLMKLWXEKIW
&SXXSQ KVEZIPWGSFFPIWJI[FSYPHIVW
&SXXSQ GSFFPIW[MXLPEVKIFSYPHIVW
*PSSHTPEMRW
E4EWXYVIRSFVYWL
7LSVXKVEWW
,MKLKVEWW
F'YPXMZEXIHEVIE
2SGVST
1EXYVIVS[GVSTW
1EXYVIJMIPHGVSTW
G&VYWL
7GEXXIVIHFVYWLLIEZ][IIHW
0MKLXFVYWLERHXVIIWMR[MRXIV
0MKLXFVYWLERHXVIIWMRWYQQIV
1IHMYQXSHIRWIFVYWLMR[MRXIV
1IHMYQXSHIRWIFVYWLMRWYQQIV
H8VIIW
(IRWI[MPPS[WWYQQIVWXVEMKLX
'PIEVIHPERH[MXLXVIIWXYQTWRSWTVSYXW
7EQIEWEFSZIFYX[MXLLIEZ]WTVSYXKVS[XL
,IEZ]WXERHSJXMQFIVEJI[HS[RXVIIWPMXXPI
YRHIVKVS[XLJPSSHWXEKIFIPS[FVERGLIW
7EQIEWEFSZIFYX[MXLJPSSHWXEKIVIEGLMRK
FVERGLIW
1ENSV7XVIEQW
XST[MHXLEXJPSSHWXEKI"JX
E6IKYPEVWIGXMSR[MXLRSFSYPHIVWSVFVYWL
F-VVIKYPEVERHVSYKLWIGXMSR
8LIRZEPYIMWPIWWXLERXLEXJSVQMRSVWXVIEQWSJXLI
WEQIHIWGVMTXMSRFIGEYWIFEROWSJJIVPIWWIJJIGXMZI
VIWMWXERGI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-11
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
STANDARD VDOT RIPRAP CLASSIFICATIONS,
WEIGHTS, AND BLANKET THICKNESS
ClassificationD(ft)W(lbs)T (in)
5050
'PEWW%-
'PEWW-
'PEWW--
'PEWW---
8]TI-
8]TI--
SELECTION OF STABILITY FACTORS
Stability Factor
ConditionRange
9RMJSVQJPS[ WXVEMKLXSVQMPHP]GYVZMRKVIEGL
GYVZIVEHMYWGLERRIP
[MHXL"
MQTEGXJVSQ[EZIEGXMSRERHJPSEXMRKHIFVMWMWQMRMQEP PMXXPI
SVRSYRGIVXEMRX]MRHIWMKRTEVEQIXIVW
+VEHYEPP]ZEV]MRKJPS[ QSHIVEXIFIRHGYVZEXYVI
"GYVZI
VEHMYWGLERRIP[MHXL"
MQTEGXJVSQ[EZIWSVJPSEXMRKHIFVMWMW
QSHIVEXI
%TTVSEGLMRKVETMHP]ZEV]MRKJPS[ WLEVTFIRHGYVZEXYVI
"GYVZI
VEHMYWGLERRIP"
WMKRMJMGERXMQTEGXJVSQJPSEXMRKHIFVMWERHSVMGI
WMKRMJMGERX[MRHERHSVFSVIKIRIVEXIH[EZIW
JIIX
LMKLJPS[
XYVFYPIRGI QM\MRKJPS[EXFVMHKIEFYXQIRXW WMKRMJMGERXEQSYRXSJ
YRGIVXEMRX]MRHIWMKRTEVEQIXIVW
'LERRIPFIRHW[LIRVEXMSSJGYVZIVEHMYWXSGLERRIP[MHXL
6;
"
'LERRIPFIRHW[LIR"6;"
'LERRIPFIRHW[LIR6;
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-12
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
PERMISSIBLE VELOCITIES FOR ERODIBLE LININGS
Maximum permissible velocities
(ft/sec)for
Water
Soil type or lining (earth; no vegetation
Water carrying
Clear carrying sand and
waterfine siltsgravel
*MRIWERH
RSRGSPPSMHEP
7ERH]PSEQ
RSRGSPPSMHEP
7MPXPSEQ
RSRGSPPSMHEP
3VHMREV]JMVQPSEQ
:SPGERMGEWL
*MRIKVEZIP
7XMJJGPE]
ZIV]GSPPSMHEP
+VEHIHPSEQXSGSFFPIW
RSRGSPPSMHEP
+VEHIHWMPXXSGSFFPIW
GSPPSMHEP
%PPYZMEPWMPXW
RSRGSPPSMHEP
%PPYZMEPWMPXW
GSPPSMHEP
'SEVWIKVEZIP
RSRGSPPSMHEP
'SFFPIWERHWLMRKPIW
7LEPIWERHLEVHTERW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-13
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
ANGLE OF REPOSE OF RIPRAP
IN TERMS OF MEAN SIZE AND SHAPE OF STONE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-14
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS FOR NON-COHESIVE SOILS
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-15
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS FOR COHESIVE SOILS
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-16
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
BANK ANGLE CORRECTION FACTOR (K)NOMOGRAPH
1
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-17
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
CORRECTION FACTOR FOR RIPRAP SIZE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-18
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
RIPRAP SIZE RELATIONSHIP
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-19
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
CHANNEL SIDE SHEAR STRESS TO
BOTTOM SHEAR STRESS RATIO
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-20
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
TRACTIVE FORCE RATIO (K)
2
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-21
OPEN CHANNELSAPPENDIX 5A
DETERMINATION OF MEAN SPHERICAL DIAMETER
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/14OPENCHANNELS
5A-22
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
Chapter 6-Culverts
%GYPZIVXMWEWMRKPIVYRSJWXSVQHVEMRTMTIXLEXGSRZI]W[EXIVSVWXSVQ[EXIVYRHIVE
VSEHVEMP[E]IQFEROQIRXWMHI[EPOSVSXLIVSFWXVYGXMSR%GYPZIVXX]TMGEPP]GSRRIGXWX[S
STIRGLERRIPWFYXXLI]QE]GSRRIGXERSTIRGLERRIPXSEWXSVQHVEMR
4VSTIVGYPZIVXHIWMKRQYWXGSRWMHIVQER]JEGXSVWMRGPYHMRK
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-RPIXGSRHMXMSRW
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6.1References
)\GITX[LIVIQSVIWXVMRKIRXVIUYMVIQIRXWEVITVIWIRXIHMRXLMW(IWMKR1ERYEPGYPZIVXW
WLEPPGSQTP][MXL:(38VIUYMVIQIRXW8LITVMQEV]HIWMKRVIJIVIRGIMWXLI:(38(VEMREKI
1ERYEP3XLIVETTVSTVMEXIVIJIVIRGIWMRGPYHI
:(387XERHEVHW
:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
:%)
7',ERHFSSO
:(38-RWXVYGXMSREPERH-RJSVQEXMSREP1IQSVERHYQ--1P(%PPS[EFPI4MTI
'VMXIVMEJSV'YPZIVXWERH7XSVQ7I[IVW
*,;%,]HVEYPMG(IWMKRSJ,MKL[E]'YPZIVXW,(72S4YF2S*,;%2,-
'YVVIRX)HMXMSREWEQIRHIH
*,;%(IFVMW'SRXVSP7XVYGXYVIW)ZEPYEXMSRERH'SYRXIVQIEWYVIW,)'2S 4YF
2S*,;%-*'YVVIRX)HMXMSREWEQIRHIH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-1CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
6.2Design Methodology and Criteria
6.2.1Computation Methods
1ERYEPGSQTYXEXMSRWYWIHIWMKRIUYEXMSRWERHRSQSKVETLW6IWYPXWEVIHSGYQIRXIHSR
:(38vW(IWMKR*SVQ0( *SVQ0( MWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%
8LIVIEVIERYQFIVSJGSQTYXIVTVSKVEQWEZEMPEFPIXSHIWMKRGYPZIVXW%R]SJXLIWI
GSQTYXIVTVSKVEQW[MPPFIEGGITXEFPIMJXLIMVQIXLSHSPSKMIWEVIFEWIHSRXLIWEQIIUYEXMSRW
ERHRSQSKVETLWEGGITXIHF]:(38ERHMJXLI]TVSZMHIXLIWEQIHSGYQIRXEXMSRSJMRTYXW
EWWYQTXMSRWERHSYXTYXEWEVIGSRXEMRIHSR:(38vW(IWMKR*SVQ0(
6.2.2Hydrology
%(IWMKR*PS[1IXLSHSPSK]
7II'LETXIVJSVQIXLSHSPSK]YWIHXSHIXIVQMRIHIWMKRJPS[W+IRIVEPP]GYPZIVXWWLEPP
FIHIWMKRIHFEWIHSRXLITIEOJPS[
WXIEH]WXEXI
MKRSVMRKXLIIJJIGXWSJXIQTSVEV]YTWXVIEQ
WXSVEKI
&3FWXVYGXMSR%PPS[ERGI
%RSFWXVYGXMSREPPS[ERGIWLEPPFIETTPMIHMRGVMXMGEPEVIEW[LIVII\GIWWMZIFEGO[EXIV
QE]VIWYPXMRTVSTIVX]HEQEKISVFIETSXIRXMEPWEJIX]LE^EVH
%JXIVYWMRKXLIETTVSTVMEXIHIWMKRQIXLSHSPSK]XSGEPGYPEXIXLITIEOWXSVQ[EXIVJPS[JSV
EKMZIRJVIUYIRG]ERSFWXVYGXMSREPPS[ERGI[MPPFIEHHIHXSXLITIEOJPS[XSIWXEFPMWLXLI
HIWMKRJPS[VEXIXLVSYKLXLIGYPZIVX8LIQMRMQYQSFWXVYGXMSREPPS[ERGIJEGXSVMWMRXIRHIHXS
EGGSYRXJSVRSVQEPGYPZIVXSFWXVYGXMSRW[LMGLQE]PS[IVXLIEGXYEPGETEGMX]SJXLIGYPZIVXSRGI
GSRWXVYGXIHERHMWFEWIHSRXLIWM^ISJXLIGYPZIVXTMTIMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIJSPPS[MRK
XEFYPEXMSR
'YPZIVX7M^I1MRMQYQ3FWXVYGXMSR%PPS[ERGI*EGXSV
xERHPIWW
xx
x
xERHKVIEXIV
6.2.3Culvert Hydraulics
%(IWMKR*PS[
8LIHIWMKRJPS[WLEPPFIXLITIEOJPS[JVSQXLIJSPPS[MRKJVIUYIRG]WXSVQIZIRXTPYW
XLIETTVSTVMEXISFWXVYGXMSREPPS[ERGI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-2CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
6SEH[E]7XSVQ*VIUYIRG]
4VMQEV]
]IEV
7IGSRHEV]
]IEV
8LIWIJVIUYIRGMIWEVIQMRMQYQZEPYIW(IWMKRMRKJSVPIWWJVIUYIRXWXSVQWQE]FI
VIUYMVIH[LIVIXLIVIMWTSXIRXMEPHEQEKIXSWXVYGXYVIWPSWWSJLYQERPMJIMRNYV]SVLIEZ]
JMRERGMEPPSWWMRXLIIZIRXSJJPSSHMRK
'SQTPMERGI[MXLXLI2EXMSREP*PSSH-RWYVERGI4VSKVEQ
2*-4
MWRIGIWWEV]JSVEPP
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-REHHMXMSRXLI]IEVTIEOJPS[
[MXLSYXXLIEHHMXMSRSJXLISFWXVYGXMSREPPS[ERGI
WLEPPFIVSYXIHXLVSYKLEPPGYPZIVXWHIXIVQMRMRKXLILIEH[EXIVHITXLFILMRHXLIGYPZIVX[MXL
VSEHSZIVXSTTMRKXSIRWYVIXLEXFYMPHMRKWERHSXLIVWXVYGXYVIWEVIRSXJPSSHIHERHXLEXEHNEGIRX
VSEH[E]WERHEHNEGIRXTVSTIVXMIWHSRSXWYJJIVWMKRMJMGERXP]MRGVIEWIHHEQEKIHYVMRKXLI
]IEVWXSVQIZIRX7XSVEKIMQTEGXWSJ[EXIVFILMRHXLIGYPZIVXQE]FIGSRWMHIVIHMRXLI
GEPGYPEXMSRFYXMWRSXVIUYMVIH
&%PPS[EFPI,IEH[EXIV
8LIEPPS[EFPILIEH[EXIVMWXLIHITXLSJ[EXIVXLEXGERFITSRHIHEXXLIYTWXVIEQIRHSJ
XLIGYPZIVXHYVMRKXLIHIWMKRGSRHMXMSREWQIEWYVIHJVSQXLIGYPZIVXMRPIXMRZIVX
8LIEPPS[EFPILIEH[EXIVHITXLWLEPPFIPMQMXIHF]XLIJSPPS[MRKGSRHMXMSRW
,IEH[EXIVHSIWRSXGEYWIYTWXVIEQTVSTIVX]HEQEKI
,IEH[EXIVHSIWRSXMRGVIEWIXLI]IEVJPSSHIPIZEXMSREWQETTIHF]2*-4
(YVMRKEHIWMKRWXSVQIZIRXXLI[EXIVWYVJEGIWLEPPFIEQMRMQYQSJ MRGLIW
FIPS[XLIWLSYPHIVSJXLIVSEHEXXLITSMRX[LIVIXLIGYPZIVXGVSWWIWYRHIVSVXLI
PS[TSMRXSJXLIVSEHKVEHI[LIVIXLI[EXIV[SYPHSZIVXSTXLIVSEH
,IEH[EXIVHITXLWLEPPRSXI\GIIHXMQIWXLIHMEQIXIVSVLIMKLXSJXLIGYPZIVX
FEVVIP
,IEH[EXIVHITXLWLEPPRSXFIWYGLXLEXWXSVQ[EXIVJPS[WXSSXLIVHMXGLIWSV
XIVVEMR[LMGLTIVQMXWXLIJPS[XSHMZIVXEVSYRHXLIGYPZIVX
8LIQE\MQYQSZIVXSTTMRKHITXLWHYVMRKER]IEVWXSVQIZIRXJSVZEVMSYW
WXVIIXGPEWWMJMGEXMSRWEVIEWJSPPS[W
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-3CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
'PEWWMJMGEXMSR1E\(ITXLEX'VS[R1E\:IPSGMX]
0SGEPJXJTW
'SPPIGXSVJXJTW
%VXIVMEP2S3ZIVJPS[2S3ZIVJPS[
,MKL[E]2S3ZIVJPS[2S3ZIVJPS[
7XVIIXSZIVJPS[HYVMRKE]IEVWXSVQ[MPPRSXFIEPPS[IHMJXLIWXVIIXMWXLI
SRP]QIERWSJEGGIWWJSVSVQSVIVIWMHIRGIW%ZEVMERGIXSXLMW
VIUYMVIQIRXQE]FIKVERXIHMJXLIETTPMGERXWLS[WXLEXXLIGSRRIGXMRKVSEHW
[MPPFII\TIVMIRGMRKWYFWXERXMEPSZIVXSTTMRKHYVMRKE]IEVWXSVQERHXLEX
XLIVIMWRSFIRIJMXXSIRJSVGMRKXLMWVIUYMVIQIRX
-RQSWXMRWXERGIWXLIVSEH[E]SZIVXSTTMRKQE]FIXVIEXIHEWEFVSEHGVIWXIH
[IMV
'8EMP[EXIV'SRHMXMSRW
8EMP[EXIVMWXLI[EXIVMRXS[LMGLEGYPZIVXSYXJEPPHMWGLEVKIW'YPZIVXHIWMKRWLEPPFI
FEWIHSRXEMP[EXIVGSRHMXMSRWXLEXGSYPHVIEWSREFP]FIERXMGMTEXIHHYVMRKXLIHIWMKRGSRHMXMSR
-JERYTWXVIEQGYPZIVXSYXPIXMWPSGEXIHRIEVEHS[RWXVIEQGYPZIVXMRPIXXLI
LIEH[EXIVIPIZEXMSRSJXLIHS[RWXVIEQGYPZIVXQE]IWXEFPMWLXLIHIWMKRXEMP[EXIV
HITXLEXXLIYTWXVIEQGYPZIVX
-JXLIGYPZIVXHMWGLEVKIWMRXSEPEOITSRHWXVIEQSVSXLIVFSH]SJ[EXIVXLI
QE\MQYQ[EXIVIPIZEXMSRSJXLIFSH]SJ[EXIVHYVMRKXLIHIWMKRWXSVQQE]
IWXEFPMWLXLIHIWMKRXEMP[EXIVIPIZEXMSREXXLIYTWXVIEQGYPZIVX
(-RPIXERH3YXPIX'SRXVSP
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M
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-RPIX7LETIzVIGXERKYPEVGMVGYPEVIPPMTXMGEPSVEVGLEVIGSQQSR
8LIRSQSKVETLJSVMRPIXGSRXVSPJSVGMVGYPEVGSRGVIXIGSVVYKEXIHQIXEPERHGSVVYKEXIH
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JPS[GETEGMX]JSVSXLIVTMTIKISQIXVMIWEVIGSRXEMRIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-4CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
MM
3YXPIX'SRXVSP
8LIJSPPS[MRKJEGXSVWEVIGSRWMHIVIH[LIRGEPGYPEXMRKSYXPIXGSRXVSPLIEH[EXIV
1ERRMRKvW6SYKLRIWW
R
zFEWIHSRFEVVIPQEXIVMEPJSVVIGSQQIRHIHRZEPYIWWII
XLIXEFPIMR%TTIRHM\%
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&EVVIP0IRKXL
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3YXPIXGSRXVSPEJJIGXWXLIL]HVEYPMGKVEHIPMRISJXLIJPS[XLVSYKLXLIGYPZIVX8S
GEPGYPEXIXLIL]HVEYPMGKVEHIVIJIVIRGIXLIIUYEXMSRWJSVZIPSGMX]ZIPSGMX]LIEHIRXVERGIPSWWIW
JVMGXMSRPSWWIWERHI\MXPSWWIWGSRXEMRIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
8LIRSQSKVETLJSVSYXPIXGSRXVSPSRGMVGYPEVGSRGVIXIERHGSVVYKEXIHQIXEPTMTIMW
MRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%*SVEHHMXMSREPRSQSKVETLWGVSWWWIGXMSRWERHTMTIQEXIVMEPWWIIXLI
:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
)'YPZIVX:IPSGMX]
3YXPIXZIPSGMX]QYWXFIGLIGOIHXSEWWYVIXLEXI\GIWWMZIIVSWMSRERHWGSYVTVSFPIQW[MPP
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WTIGMJMGEXMSRWJSV3YXPIX4VSXIGXMSRERH6MTVETMRXLI:%)
'YPZIVXWYRHIVVSEHWWLEPPFITVSZMHIH[MXLIRHWIGXMSRWSVIRH[EPPWMREGGSVHERGI[MXL
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;LIVIEWTIGMEPHIWMKRMWRIIHIHXSVIHYGISYXPIXZIPSGMX]MXWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHMR
EGGSVHERGI[MXL:(38WXERHEVHW
8LIQMRMQYQZIPSGMX]MREGYPZIVXFEVVIPQYWXFIEHIUYEXIXSTVIZIRXWMPXEXMSREXPS[
JPS[VEXIW%XEQMRMQYQXLMWZIPSGMX]WLEPPFIJIIXTIVWIGSRHJSVE]IEVWXSVQIZIRX
6.2.4Structural Design
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-5CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
%PPGYPZIVXWWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHXS[MXLWXERHE,7LMKL[E]PSEHMRKYRPIWWMXGVSWWIW
YRHIVEVEMPVSEHMR[LMGLGEWIXLIGYPZIVXWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHJSVVEMPVSEHPSEHW8LIWXVYGXYVEP
HIWMKRWLEPPGSRWMHIVXLIHITXLSJGSZIVXVIRGL[MHXLERHGSRHMXMSRFIHHMRKX]TIFEGOJMPP
QEXIVMEPERHGSQTEGXMSR
6.2.5Materials
'YPZIVXWFSXLTYFPMGERHTVMZEXIWLEPPFIGSRWXVYGXIHSJQEXIVMEPWEWJSPPS[W
'YPZIVXWMRXLI:(38VMKLXSJ[E]WLEPPFI:(38ETTVSZIHQEXIVMEPWMR
EGGSVHERGI[MXL:(38--10(ERH:(387XERHEVH4'
4YFPMGGYPZIVXWRSXMRXLI:(38VMKLXSJ[E]WLEPPFI
6IMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXITMTI
6'4
SVFS\
o
%PYQMRM^IHGSVVYKEXIHQIXEPTMTI
'14
MWEPPS[IHJSVTVMZEXIW]WXIQWSRP]
o
JSVWM^IWMRGLHMEQIXIVSVWQEPPIV1MRMQYQKEKIXLMGORIWWJSV'14
GYPZIVXWWLEPPFIKEKIJSVMRGLHMEQIXIVERHWQEPPIV1MRMQYQKEKI
XLMGORIWWJSVMRGLHMEQIXIV'14GYPZIVXWWLEPPFIKEKI8VIRGLHIWMKR
JSV'14GYPZIVXWWLEPPQIIX%781SV%%7,83WXERHEVHW
7TIGMEP'14GYPZIVXWMRGPYHMRKHMEQIXIVWKVIEXIVXLERMRGLIPPMTXMGEPERH
o
EVGLHIWMKRW[MPPFIGSRWMHIVIHSREGEWIF]GEWIFEWMWF]XLI'SYRX]SJ
6SERSOIJSVYWIEWGYPZIVXTMTIQEXIVMEPMRTVMZEXIWXSVQHVEMRW]WXIQW
4VMZEXIGYPZIVXWRSXMRXLI:(38VMKLXSJ[E]QE]FI
6IMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXITMTI
6'4
SVFS\
o
%PYQMRM^IHGSVVYKEXIHQIXEPTMTI
'14
JSVWM^IWMRGLHMEQIXIVSV
o
WQEPPIV1MRMQYQKEKIXLMGORIWWJSV'14GYPZIVXWWLEPPFIKEKIJSV
MRGLHMEQIXIVERHWQEPPIV1MRMQYQKEKIXLMGORIWWJSVMRGLHMEQIXIV
'14GYPZIVXWWLEPPFIKEKI8VIRGLHIWMKRJSV'14GYPZIVXWWLEPPQIIX
%781SV%%7,83WXERHEVHW
7TIGMEP'14GYPZIVXWMRGPYHMRKHMEQIXIVWKVIEXIVXLERMRGLIPPMTXMGEPERH
o
EVGLHIWMKRW[MPPFIGSRWMHIVIHSREGEWIF]GEWIFEWMW
'SVVYKEXIHLMKLHIRWMX]TSP]IXL]PIRI
,(4)
[MXLERMRXIKVEPP]JSVQIH
o
WQSSXLMRXIVMSVMWEPPS[IHJSVWM^IW MRGLHMEQIXIVSVWQEPPIV,(4)
GYPZIVXTMTIGSZIVQYWXFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
-RWTIGXMSR7TIGMJMGEXMSRWJSV,(4)4MTIGSRXEMRIHMR'LETXIV
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-6CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
6.2.6Culvert Sizes
8LIQMRMQYQGYPZIVXWM^IWLEPPFI MRGLHMEQIXIVI\GITXXLEXGYPZIVXWYRHIVTVMZEXI
IRXVERGIVSEHWSVHVMZI[E]WQE]FIMRGLHMEQIXIVMJMXQIIXWEPPHIWMKRJPS[GSRHMXMSRW
'YPZIVXWWLEPPQIIXEPPGSZIVGSRHMXMSRWVIUYMVIH;LIVIXLIWMXIGSRHMXMSRWTVIGPYHIXLI
YWISJEWMRKPIGYPZIVXFEVVIPXSQIIXXLIHIWMKRJPS[GSRHMXMSRWQYPXMTPIFEVVIPGYPZIVXWEVI
EGGITXEFPI
8LIQE\MQYQPIRKXLSJEGYPZIVXWLEPPFIJIIX%GYPZIVXPSRKIVXLERJIIXWLEPP
LEZIQERLSPIWSVNYRGXMSRFS\IWERHWLEPPJEPPYRHIVXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ'LETXIV
6.2.7End Conditions
)RHWIGXMSRWERHLIEH[EPPWWLEPPRSVQEPP]FIVIUYMVIHSRMRPIXWERHSYXPIXWEWHIWGVMFIH
FIPS[
%4VIJEFVMGEXIH)RH7IGXMSRW
4VIJEFVMGEXIHIRHWIGXMSRWSVJPEVIHIRHWIGXMSRWTVSZMHIJSVEFIXXIVJPS[TEXL
MQTVSZMRKXLIHIWMKRJPS[ERHLIEH[EXIVGSRHMXMSRW
4VIJEFVMGEXIHIRHWIGXMSRWWLEPPFITVSZMHIHJSVGYPZIVXW MRGLXSMRGLHMEQIXIV
I\GITX
2SIRHWIGXMSRMWVIUYMVIHJSVMRGLSV MRGLHMEQIXIVHVMZI[E]GYPZIVXW
;LIVIGYPZIVXEPMKRQIRXI\GIIHWJIIXMRZIVXMGEPIPIZEXMSRGLERKISVGYPZIVX
WPSTII\GIIHWE WPSTIEWXERHEVHGSRGVIXILIEH[EPPWLEPPFITVSZMHIHMRWXIEH
SJETVIJEFVMGEXIHIRHWIGXMSR
;LIVIEGSRGVIXILIEH[EPPMWTVSZMHIH
&'SRGVIXI,IEH[EPPWERH7XVYGXYVIW
4VIGEWXGSRGVIXILIEH[EPPWWLEPPFITVSZMHIHEXEPPGYPZIVXMRPIXWERHSYXPIXWYRPIWWSXLIV
IRHGSRHMXMSRWEVIEPPS[IHEWWXEXIHEFSZI4VIGEWXGSRGVIXILIEH[EPPWWLEPPQIIXXLI
VIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLI:(387XERHEVHWERH:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
;MRK[EPPWQE]FIVIUYMVIHMRGSRNYRGXMSR[MXLLIEH[EPPW'YPZIVXTMTIW xSVPEVKIVMR
HMEQIXIVWLEPPLEZIGSRGVIXI[MRK[EPPW;MRK[EPPWEVIKIRIVEPP]YWIH[LIVIXLIGYPZIVXMW
WOI[IHXSXLIRSVQEPGLERRIPJPS[SV[LIVIXLIWMHIWPSTIWSJXLIGLERRIPSVVSEH[E]EVI
YRWXEFPI;MRK[EPPWWLEPPQIIXXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLI:(387XERHEVHWERH:(38
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-7CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
7TIGMJMGEXMSRW;MRK[EPPWWLEPPFIWIXEXERERKPIFIX[IIRHIKVIIWERHHIKVIIWJVSQXLI
LIEH[EPP
'SRGVIXIETVSRWQE]FIYWIHEXXLIIRXVERGISVXLII\MXSJGYPZIVX%TVSRWEVIX]TMGEPP]
YWIH[LIVILMKLZIPSGMXMIWSVLIEH[EXIVGSRHMXMSRWQE]GEYWIIVSWMSRYTWXVIEQSVHS[RWXVIEQ
SJXLIGYPZIVX%RETVSRWLEPPRSXTVSXVYHIEFSZIXLIRSVQEPWXVIEQFIHIPIZEXMSR
7TIGMEPHIWMKRGSRGVIXIWPEFIRHXVIEXQIRXTIV:(387XERHEVHWQE]FIYWIHEWE
GSRGVIXIIRHWIGXMSR
6.2.8Multiple Barrel Culverts
1YPXMTPIFEVVIPGYPZIVXWWLEPPFIEPPS[IH[LIVIWMRKPIGYPZIVXWGERRSXLERHPIXLIHIWMKR
JPS[[LMPIQIIXMRKXLIVIUYMVIHGSZIVSVLIEH[EXIVGSRHMXMSRVIUYMVIQIRXW8LIHIWMKRSJ
QYPXMTPIFEVVIPWWLSYPHEZSMHXLIRIIHJSVI\GIWWMZI[MHIRMRKSJXLIYTWXVIEQSVHS[RWXVIEQ
VIGIMZMRKGLERRIPW
8LIQMRMQYQWTEGMRKFIX[IIRGYPZIVXWMREQYPXMTPIFEVVIPGYPZIVXHIWMKRWLEPPFIXLEX
VIUYMVIHXSTVSZMHIEHIUYEXIPEXIVEPWYTTSVXERHEPPS[TVSTIVGSQTEGXMSRSJFIHHMRKQEXIVMEP
YRHIVXLITMTILEYRGLIW
6.2.9Culvert Skew
;LIVITSWWMFPIGYPZIVXWWLEPPFIMRWXEPPIHTEVEPPIPXSXLIJPS[TEXL8LIQE\MQYQ
EPPS[EFPIWOI[WLEPPFIHIKVIIWEWQIEWYVIHJVSQXLIPMRITIVTIRHMGYPEVXSXLIVSEH[E]
GIRXIVPMRI
6.2.10Buoyancy
:IVMJ]XLEXGYPZIVXTMTIIRHWIGXMSRWERHGSRGVIXIIRH[EPPWXVYGXYVIW[MPPRSXJEMPYRHIV
L]HVSWXEXMGYTPMJXGSRHMXMSRW
&YS]ERG]JSVGIGSRWMWXWSJXLI[IMKLXSJ[EXIVHMWTPEGIHF]XLITMTIERHJMPPQEXIVMEPXLEX
MWSZIVXLITMTI
FIPS[XLILIEH[EXIVHITXL
8LIJSVGIVIWMWXMRKFYS]ERG]MRGPYHIWXLI[IMKLX
SJXLITMTI[IMKLXSJXLI[EXIV[MXLMRXLITMTIERHXLI[IMKLXSJJMPPQEXIVMEPSZIVXLITMTI
&YS]ERG]MWQSVIPMOIP]XSFIETVSFPIQ[LIVI
0MKLX[IMKLXTMTIMWYWIH
4MTIMWSREWXIITWPSTI
YWYEPP]MRPIXGSRXVSP[MXLXLITMTIJPS[MRKTEVXMEPP]JYPP
8LIVIMWPMXXPI[IMKLXSRXLIIRHSJXLITMTI
JPEXIQFEROQIRXWPSTIWQMRMQYQ
GSZIVERHSVRSIRH[EPPW
,MKLLIEH[EXIVHITXLW
,;("
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-8CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
7YMXEFPIGSZIVJSSXMRKWSVERGLSVFPSGOWQE]FIVIUYMVIHXSIRWYVIXLIGYPZIVXvW
MRXIKVMX]HYVMRKHIWMKRGSRHMXMSRW
6.2.11Debris and Trash Racks
-RKIRIVEPXVEWLVEGOWSVHIFVMWHIJPIGXSVWWLEPPRSXFIYWIH[LIVISXLIVWMXI
QSHMJMGEXMSRWQE]FIQEHIXSTVIZIRXI\GIWWMZIXVEWLSVHIFVMWJVSQIRXIVMRKXLIGYPZIVX
,S[IZIVXLI]QE]FIVIUYMVIHEXWTIGMJMGPSGEXMSRWF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI[LIVIPEVKI
EQSYRXWSJWXSVQHIFVMWQE]FIERXMGMTEXIH
6.3Installation
%PPGYPZIVXTMTILIEH[EPPWIRHWIGXMSRWSYXPIXWERHSXLIVTIVMTLIVEPWXVYGXYVIWWLEPPFI
MRWXEPPIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL:(38VIUYMVIQIRXWERHXLIQERYJEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW8LI
GLEVEGXIVMWXMGWSJXLIXVIRGLFIHHMRKERHTMTIQEXIVMEPEPPMQTEGXXLIWXVYGXYVEPWXVIRKXLSJXLI
TMTIW]WXIQ8LIMRWXEPPIHGYPZIVXGSRHMXMSRWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLIHIWMKREWWYQTXMSRWERH
GEPGYPEXMSRW
,(4)TMTIMRWXEPPEXMSRWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIvW-RWTIGXMSR
7TIGMJMGEXMSRWJSV,(4)4MTI%GST]SJXLMWMRWXEPPEXMSRKYMHIMWTVSZMHIHMR'LETXIV
6.3.1Bedding Material
&IHHMRKQEXIVMEPERHMRWXEPPEXMSRWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLI:(38
7TIGMJMGEXMSRW
6.3.2Backfill
&EGOJMPPWLEPPFIWYMXEFPIQEXIVMEPERHWLEPPFITPEGIHERHGSQTEGXIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL
:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
%QMRMQYQSJxFEGOJMPPWLEPPFITPEGIHSZIVXLIXSTSJE,(4)SV'14GYPZIVXTVMSV
XSTPEGMRKTEZIQIRXSVSXLIVWYVJEGIXVIEXQIRX
6.4EnvironmentalConsiderations and Fishery Protection
;LIVIGSQTEXMFPI[MXLKSSHL]HVEYPMGIRKMRIIVMRKEGYPZIVXWLEPPFIPSGEXIHMRwHV]x
GSRHMXMSRW;LIVIXLMWMWRSXTSWWMFPIXLIGYPZIVXWLEPPFIPSGEXIHXSQMRMQM^IMQTEGXWXS
WXVIEQWSV[IXPERHW
;LIREGYPZIVXMWWIXMRETIVIRRMEPWXVIEQXLIMRZIVXSJXLIGYPZIVXWLEPPFIWIXFIPS[XLI
RSVQEPJPS[PMRISJXLIWXVIEQEWVIUYMVIHMRXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP8LIKVEHISJXLI
GYPZIVXWLEPPRSXI\GIIHXLIKVEHISJXLIREXYVEPWXVIEQMRXLIEVIE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-9CULVERTS
CULVERTSCHAPTER 6
;LIVIGSRWXVYGXMSRVIUYMVIWSXLIVIRZMVSRQIRXEPTIVQMXWXLIETTPMGERXWLEPPFI
VIWTSRWMFPIJSVSFXEMRMRKEPPRIGIWWEV]IRZMVSRQIRXEPTIVQMXWERHGSQTP]MRK[MXLXLIMV
VIUYMVIQIRXW
6.5Maintenance Requirements
8LITIVQMXXIIMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJGYPZIVXWYRXMPGSRWXVYGXMSRMWGSQTPIXI
MRGPYHMRKJMREPGPIERYTERHWMXIWXEFMPM^EXMSRXSXLIWEXMWJEGXMSRSJXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI%JXIV
XLIGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRXLITVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]MWVIWTSRWMFPIJSV
QEMRXIRERGISJEPPGYPZIVXWRSXPSGEXIHMRTYFPMGIEWIQIRXW
2SSRIWLEPPQSHMJ]GYPZIVXWMRER][E]XLEXMQTEMVWSVVIWXVMGXWJPS[8LITVSTIVX]
S[RIVWLEPPTIVMSHMGEPP]VIQSZIWMPXERHWIHMQIRXJVSQXLITMTIERHTVYRIZIKIXEXMSREVSYRHXLI
TMTIIRXVERGIXSEZSMHVIWXVMGXMRKJPS[GETEGMX]ERHWLEPPGSVVIGXIVSWMSRHEQEKIEWRIGIWWEV]
%PPVIQSZIHWMPXERHWIHMQIRXWLEPPFITVSTIVP]HMWTSWIHSJE[E]JVSQWXSVQHVEMREKITMTIWERH
STIRGLERRIPWERHWLEPPFITVSTIVP]WXEFMPM^IH[MXLZIKIXEXMSR
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146-10CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
APPENDIX 6A
AIDS FOR STORMWATER CULVERT DESIGN
FROM CHAPTER 8, VDOT DRAINAGE MANUAL
%TTIRHM\ &'YPZIVX(IWMKR*SVQ0(
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV-RPIX'SRXVSPJSV'MVGYPEV'SRGVIXI4MTI
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV-RPIX'SRXVSPJSV'SVVYKEXIH1IXEP4MTI
2SQSKVETLJSV-RPIX'SRXVSPJSV'SVVYKEXIH,(4)4MTI
2SXI 8LMWXEFPIMWRSXJVSQXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV'VMXMGEP(ITXL'MVGYPEV4MTI
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV3YXPIX'SRXVSPJSV'MVGYPEV'SRGVIXI4MTI
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV3YXPIX'SRXVSPJSV'SVVYKEXIH1IXEP4MTI
%TTIRHM\ (6IGSQQIRHIH1ERRMRKvWR:EPYIW
2SXI 8LMWXEFPILEWFIIRQSHMJMIHJVSQ:(38vWWXERHEVHXSMRGPYHIEHHMXMSREPTMTIQEXIVMEPW
%TTIRHM\ ()RXVERGI0SWW'SIJJMGMIRXW
/
3YXPIX'SRXVSP*YPPSV4EVXP]*YPP
I
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-1CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
CULVERT DESIGN FORM (VDOT LD-269)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-2CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
INLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR CONCRETE PIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-3CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
INLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR CORRUGATED METAL PIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-4CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
INLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR HDPE PIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-5CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
CRITCAL DEPTH, CIRCULAR PIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-6CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
OUTLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR CONCRETE PIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-7CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
OUTLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR CORRUGATED METALPIPE
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-8CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
OUTLET CONTROL, CIRCULAR CONCRETE PIPE
RECOMMENDED MANNING’S n-VALUES
Type of ConduitWall DescriptionManning’s n
'SRGVIXI4MTI7QSSXL[EPPW
'SRGVIXI&S\IW7QSSXL[EPPW
'SVVYKEXIH1IXEPF]¡MRGL
4MTIWERH&S\IW%RRYPEVSVGSVVYKEXMSRW
,IPMGEP4MTI
F]MRGL
GSVVYKEXMSRW
F]MRGL
GSVVYKEXMSRW
F]MRGL
GSVVYKEXMSRW
F]MRGL
WXVYGXYVEPTPEXI
F]¡MRGL
WXVYGXYVEPTPEXI
'SVVYKEXIH1IXEPF]¡MRGLGSVVYKEXMSRW
4MTI
7TMVEP6MF1IXEP7QSSXL[EPPW
7XIIPSV%PYQ
4:'7QSSXLMRXIVMSV
4SP]IXL]PIRI
4)SV,(4)
7QSSXLMRXIVMSV
'SVVYKEXIH4)SV,(4)'SVVYKEXIHMRXIVMSV
2SXI 8LIZEPYIWMRHMGEXIHMRXLMWXEFPIEVIVIGSQQIRHIH1ERRMRKvWwRxHIWMKRZEPYIW%GXYEP
JMIPHZEPYIWQE]ZEV]HITIRHMRKSRXLIIJJIGXWSJEFVEWMSRGSVVSWMSRHIJPIGXMSRERHNSMRX
GSRHMXMSRW'SRGVIXITMTI[MXLTSSVNSMRXWERHHIXIVMSVEXIH[EPPWQE]LEZIwRxZEPYIWSJ
XS 'SVVYKEXIHQIXEP[MXLNSMRERH[EPPTVSFPIQWQE]EPWSLEZILMKLIVwRxZEPYIWERHMR
EHHMXMSRQE]I\TIVMIRGIWLETIGLERKIW[LMGLGSYPHEHZIVWIP]EJJIGXXLIKIRIVEPL]HVEYPMG
GLEVEGXIVMWXMGWSJXLIGYPZIVX
2SXI *SVIJYVXLIVMRJSVQEXMSRGSRGIVRMRK1ERRMRKRZEPYIWJSVWIPIGXIHGSRHYMXWGSRWYPX
,]HVEYPMG(IWMKRSJ,MKL[E]'YPZIVXW*IHIVEP,MKL[E]%HQMRMWXVEXMSR,(72STEKI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-9CULVERTS
CULVERTSAPPENDIX 6A
ENTRANCE LOSS COEFFICIENTS (K)
e
OUTLET CONTROL, FULL OR PARTIALLY FULL
Type of Structure and
Coefficient
Design of Entrance
4MTI'SRGVIXI
1MXIVIHXSGSRJSVQXSJMPPWPSTI
)RHWIGXMSRGSRJSVQMRKXSJMPPWPSTI
4VSNIGXMRKJVSQJMPPWUYEVIGYXIRH
,IEH[EPPSVLIEH[EPPERH[MRK[EPP
7UYEVIIHKI
6SYRHIH
VEHMYW!(
7SGOIXIRHSJTMTI
KVSSZIIRH
4VSNIGXMRKJVSQJMPPWSGOIXIRH
KVSSZIIRH
&IZIPIHIHKIWSVFIZIPW
7MHISVWPSTIXETIVIHMRPIX
4MTI'SVVYKEXIH1IXEP
SV'SVVYKEXIH,(4)
4VSNIGXMRKJVSQJMPP
RSLIEH[EPP
1MXIVIHXSGSRJSVQXSJMPPWPSTITEZIHSVYRTEZIHWPSTI
,IEH[EPPSVLIEH[EPPERH[MRK[EPPWUYEVIIHKI
)RHWIGXMSRGSRJSVQMRKERHXSJMPPWPSTI
&IZIPIHIHKIWSVFIZIPW
7MHISVWPSTIXETIVIHMRPIX
&S\6IMRJSVGIH'SRGVIXI
;MRK[EPPWTEVEPPIP
I\XIRWMSRSJWMHIW
WUYEVIIHKIHEXGVS[R
;MRK[EPPWEXXSSVXSXSFEVVIP
WUYEVIIHKIHSRIHKIW
VSYRHIHSRIHKIWXSVEHMYWSJFEVVIP
;MRK[EPPWEXXSXSFEVVIP
GVS[RIHKIVSYRHIHXSVEHMYWSJFEVVIP
7MHISVWPSTIXETIVIHMRPIX
2SXI )RH7IGXMSRGSRJSVQMRKXSJMPPWPSTIQEHISJQIXEPGSRGVIXISV,(4)EVIXLIWIGXMSRW
GSQQSRP]EZEMPEFPIJVSQQERYJEGXYVIVW*VSQPMQMXIHL]HVEYPMGXIWXXLI]EVIIUYMZEPIRXMR
STIVEXMSRXSELIEH[EPPMRFSXLMRPIXERHSYXPIXGSRXVSP7SQIIRHWIGXMSRWMRGSVTSVEXMRKE
GPSWIHXETIVMRXLIMVHIWMKRLEZIEWYTIVMSVL]HVEYPMGTIVJSVQERGI8LIWIPEXXIVWIGXMSRWGERFI
HIWMKRIHYWMRKXLIMRJSVQEXMSRKMZIRJSVXLIFIZIPIHMRPIX
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/146A-10CULVERTS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
Chapter 7-Storm Drains
%WXSVQHVEMRMWEHVEMREKIW]WXIQXLEXGSRZI]W[EXIVSVWXSVQ[EXIVGSRWMWXMRKSJX[SSV
QSVITMTIWMREWIVMIWGSRRIGXIHF]SRISVQSVIWXVYGXYVIW7XSVQHVEMRWGSPPIGXERHXVERWTSVX
WXSVQ[EXIVJVSQEWMXITVMQEVMP]XLVSYKLXLIYWISJEGPSWIHTMTIRIX[SVO*SVXLIWXSVQ[EXIV
XSFIIJJMGMIRXP]LERHPIHMREWXSVQHVEMRXLIWMXIQYWXEPWSLEZIERIJJMGMIRX[E]XSGSPPIGX
WXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJERHLEZIMXIRXIVMRXSXLITMTIHRIX[SVO3RGIMRXLIWXSVQHVEMRXLI
WXSVQ[EXIVMWVSYXIHXSEHMWGLEVKISYXJEPP
7XSVQHVEMRW]WXIQWMRGPYHI
1IEWYVIWXSKIXWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJXSMRPIXW
-RPIXWERH
WXSVQHVEMRTMTMRKERHWXVYGXYVIWXLEXWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJQYWXTEWWXLVSYKLXS
VIEGLXLISYXJEPP
8LMWWIGXMSRHIJMRIWGVMXIVMEERHVIWXVMGXMSRWXLEXWLEPPFIYWIHMRHIWMKRMRKERH
GSRWXVYGXMRKTYFPMGERHTVMZEXIWXSVQHVEMRW7IIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPJSVQSVIMRHITXL
MRJSVQEXMSR%PPWXSVQHVEMRWMRGLIWMRHMEQIXIVERHPEVKIVWLEPPLEZITVSJMPIWTVITEVIHERH
WYFQMXXIHXSXLI'SYRX]
7.1References
)\GITX[LIVIQSVIWXVMRKIRXVIUYMVIQIRXWEVITVIWIRXIHMRXLMW1ERYEPWXSVQHVEMR
GSPPIGXMSRW]WXIQWWLEPPGSQTP][MXL:(38ERHSXLIVWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXW8LITVMQEV]HIWMKR
VIJIVIRGIMWXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP3XLIVETTVSTVMEXIVIJIVIRGIWMRGPYHI
:(387XERHEVHW
:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
:%)
7',ERHFSSO
*,;%(VEMREKISJ,MKL[E]4EZIQIRXW,)'2S
*,;%9VFER(VEMREKI(IWMKR1ERYEP,)'2S
7.2Design Methodologyand Criteria
7.2.1Computation Methods
1ERYEPGSQTYXEXMSRWYWIHIWMKRIUYEXMSRWERHRSQSKVETLW6IWYPXWEVIHSGYQIRXIHSR
:(38[SVOWLIIXW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-1STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
*SVQ0(7XSVQ[EXIV-RPIX'SQTYXEXMSRW
*SVQ0( 7XSVQ(VEMR(IWMKR'SQTYXEXMSRW
*SVQ0(,]HVEYPMG+VEHI0MRI'SQTYXEXMSRW
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7.2.4Measures to ConveyStormwater Runoff to Inlets
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-2STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
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STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
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STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-5STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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7/1/147-6STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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7/1/147-7STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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7/1/147-8STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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7/1/147-9STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
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MRPIXWQERLSPIWERHNYRGXMSRFS\IW
PSGEXIHMRTYFPMG
IEWIQIRXWSVVMKLXWSJ[E]WLEPPFITVIGEWXSVGEWXMRTPEGIGSRGVIXI%PPWXVYGXYVIWJVEQIW
KVEXIWERHGSZIVWWLEPPFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXL:(387XERHEVHWERH:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
&7XSVQ(VEMR4MTI
7XSVQHVEMRWMRXLI:(38VMKLXSJ[E]WLEPPFI:(38ETTVSZIHQEXIVMEPWMR
EGGSVHERGI[MXL:(38--10(ERH:(387XERHEVH4'
7XSVQHVEMRWRSXMRXLI:(38VMKLXSJ[E]WLEPPFI
6IMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXITMTI
6'4
o
'SVVYKEXIHLMKLHIRWMX]TSP]IXL]PIRI
,(4)
[MXLERMRXIKVEPP]JSVQIHWQSSXL
o
MRXIVMSVMWEPPS[IHJSVWM^IW MRGLHMEQIXIVSVWQEPPIV,(4)GYPZIVXTMTI
GSZIVQYWXFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI-RWTIGXMSR
7TIGMJMGEXMSRWJSV,(4)4MTI%GST]SJXLMWHSGYQIRXMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\
&
7.2.10Structural Design
%PPMRPIXWXVYGXYVIWJVEQIWERHKVEXIW ERHTMTIWWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHXS[MXLWXERHE,7
PSEHMRKYRPIWWETMTIGVSWWIWEVEMPVSEHMR[LMGLGEWIXLITMTIWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHJSVVEMPVSEH
PSEHW8LIWXVYGXYVEPHIWMKRWLEPPGSRWMHIVXLIHITXLSJGSZIVXVIRGL[MHXLERHGSRHMXMSR
FIHHMRKX]TIFEGOJMPPQEXIVMEPERHGSQTEGXMSR
7.3Installation
%PPMRPIXWTMTIWERHEWWSGMEXIHWXVYGXYVIWWLEPPFIMRWXEPPIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL:(38
7TIGMJMGEXMSRWERHXLIQERYJEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW8LIGLEVEGXIVMWXMGWSJXLIXVIRGL
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-10STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
FIHHMRKERHTMTIQEXIVMEPEPPMQTEGXXLIWXVYGXYVEPWXVIRKXLSJXLITMTIW]WXIQ8LIMRWXEPPIH
TMTIGSRHMXMSRWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLIHIWMKREWWYQTXMSRWERHGEPGYPEXMSRW
,(4)TMTIMRWXEPPEXMSRWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI-RWTIGXMSR
7TIGMJMGEXMSRWJSV,(4)4MTI%GST]SJXLMWHSGYQIRXMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\&
7XSVQHVEMRWWLEPPRSXFIMRWXEPPIHXLVSYKLGSRXEQMREXIHWSMPWSVKVSYRH[EXIV
7.3.1Bedding Material
&IHHMRKQEXIVMEPERHMRWXEPPEXMSRWLEPPGSQTP][MXLXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLI:(38
7TIGMJMGEXMSRW
7.3.2Backfill
&EGOJMPPWLEPPFIWYMXEFPIQEXIVMEPERHWLEPPFITPEGIHERHGSQTEGXIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL
XLI:(387TIGMJMGEXMSRW
%QMRMQYQSJxGSZIVWLEPPFITPEGIHSZIVXLIXSTSJEWXSVQHVEMRTMTITVMSVXS
TPEGIQIRXSJTEZIQIRXSVSXLIVWYVJEGIXVIEXQIRX%HHMXMSREPQMRMQYQHITXLSJGSZIVWLEPPFI
TVSZMHIHMJVIGSQQIRHIHF]XLIQERYJEGXYVIV
7.3.3Separation of Utilities
;LIVIWXSVQHVEMRWGVSWWSXLIVYXMPMXMIWEXPIEWXJSSXSJZIVXMGEPWITEVEXMSRWLEPPFI
TVSZMHIH;LIVIJSSXSJZIVXMGEPWITEVEXMSRGERRSXFITVSZMHIHWTIGMEPTVSZMWMSRWWLEPPFI
QEHIMRXLIFIHHMRKERHFEGOJMPPXSEZSMHWIXXPIQIRXXLEXGSYPHGEYWITSMRXPSEHMRKWSRXLIWXSVQ
HVEMRSVSXLIVYXMPMX]
;EXIVPMRIWWLEPPRSXTEWWXLVSYKLEWXSVQHVEMRMRPIXSVQERLSPI
7.4Environmental Impacts
'SRWXVYGXMSRSVQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSWXSVQHVEMRWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLEPPETTPMGEFPIPE[WERH
VIKYPEXMSRW8LIETTPMGERXMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVTVSGYVMRKEPPRIGIWWEV]TIVQMXW
7.5Erosion Protection at Outfalls
)VSWMSRTVSXIGXMSREXWXSVQHVEMRSYXPIXWWLEPPFITVSZMHIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLISYXPIX
TVSXIGXMSRWXERHEVHWGSRXEMRIHMRXLI:%)
7',ERHFSSOERHXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP
7.6Maintenance Requirements
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-11STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSCHAPTER 7
8LITIVQMXXIIMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJWXSVQHVEMRWYRXMPGSRWXVYGXMSRMW
GSQTPIXIMRGPYHMRKJMREPGPIERYTERHWMXIWXEFMPM^EXMSRXSXLIWEXMWJEGXMSRSJXLI'SYRX]%JXIV
XLIGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRXLITVSTIVX]S[RIVMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJEPPWXSVQ
HVEMRWRSXPSGEXIHMRTYFPMGIEWIQIRXW
2SSRIWLEPPQSHMJ]MRPIXWSVSXLIVWXVYGXYVIWTMTIIRXVERGIWSVTMTIWMRER][E]XLEX
MQTEMVWSVVIWXVMGXWJPS[4VSTIVX]S[RIVWWLEPPTIVMSHMGEPP]VIQSZIWMPXERHWIHMQIRXJVSQXLI
TMTIWERHWXVYGXYVIWERHTVYRIZIKIXEXMSRJVSQEVSYRHTMTIIRXVERGIWERHMRPIXWXSEZSMH
VIWXVMGXMRKJPS[GETEGMX]ERHWLEPPGSVVIGXIVSWMSRHEQEKIEWRIGIWWEV]%PPVIQSZIHWMPXERH
WIHMQIRXWLEPPFITVSTIVP]HMWTSWIHSJE[E]JVSQWXSVQHVEMRWSTIRGLERRIPWWXVIEQWTSRHW
ERH&14WERHWLEPPFITVSTIVP]WXEFMPM^IH[MXLZIKIXEXMSR
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147-12STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
APPENDIX 7A
AIDS FOR STORM DRAIN SYSTEM DESIGN
FROM CHAPTER 9, VDOT DRAINAGE MANUAL
8EFPI 'VMXIVMEJSV-RPIX(IWMKR
8EFPI (IWMKR*VIUYIRGMIWJSV7XSVQ(VEMR'SRHYMX
2SXIWXLEXEGGSQTER]8EFPI ERH8EFPI
*MKYVI 0SWWIWMR.YRGXMSRHYIXS'LERKIMR(MVIGXMSRSJ*PS[0EXIVEP
%TTIRHM\ &0(7XSVQ[EXIV-RPIX'SQTYXEXMSRW
%TTIRHM\ &0( 7XSVQ(VEMR(IWMKR'SQTYXEXMSRW
%TTIRHM\ &0(,]HVEYPMG+VEHI0MRI'SQTYXEXMSRW
%TTIRHM\ '*PS[MR8VMERKYPEV+YXXIV7IGXMSRW
%TTIRHM\ '*PS['LEVEGXIVMWXMG'YVZIW
x+YXXIV
:(387XERHEVH
%TTIRHM\ '1ERRMRKvW7SPYXMSRJSV*PS[MR7XSVQ(VEMRW
%TTIRHM\ '2SQSKVETLJSV'SQTYXMRK6IUYMVIH7M^ISJ'MVGYPEV(VEMRJSV*YPP*PS[
%TTIRHM\ ''SRGVIXI4MTI*PS[2SQSKVETL
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-1STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
CRITERIA FOR INLET DESIGN
DesignSpeedDesign Storm
Maximum Design
Roadway
(mph)
3
Spread Width
FrequencyIntensity
Classification
(ft)
1,2
(year)(in/hour)
Principal Arterial
%GXYEP7L;MHXL
3R+VEHI
%GXYEP7L;MHXL
"
7EK%GXYEP7L;MHXL
%PP
0SGEXMSR
2%¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
3R+VEHI
;MHXL
-J%R]
%GXYEP¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
3R+VEHI"
;MHXL
-J%R]
2%¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
;MHXL
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7EK
0SGEXMSR
%GXYEP¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
"
;MHXL
-J%R]
Minor Arterial, Collector, Local
2%7L;MHXL
3R+VEHI
"2%7L;MHXL
2%7L;MHXL
7EK
%PP
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2%¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
3R+VEHI%PP
;MHXL
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2%¡(VMZMRK0ERI+YXXIV
7EK
%PP
;MHXL
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0SGEXMSR
DESIGN FREQUENCIES FOR STORM DRAIN CONDUIT
Design SpeedDesign Storm Frequency
Roadway Classification
1,2
(mph)(year)
Principal Arterial
;MXL7LSYPHIV%PP
;MXLSYX7LSYPHIV
"
Minor Arterial, Collector, Local
;MXLSV;MXLSYX7LSYPHIV%PP
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-2STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
NOTES –CRITERIA FOR INLET DESIGN AND
DESIGN FREQUENCIES FOR STORM DRAIN CONDUIT
2SXIWXLVSYKLEVI+IRIVEP2SXIWERHWLSYPHFIETTPMIHXSER]JYRGXMSREPGPEWWMJMGEXMSR
VSEH[E][LIVIXLIWMXIGSRHMXMSRWEVIGSQTEVEFPIXSXLIGSRHMXMSRWHIWGVMFIHMRIEGLRSXI
%XPSGEXMSRW[LIVIXLIZIVXMGEPEPMKRQIRXSJXLIVSEH[E]GVIEXIWEWEKGSRHMXMSRMRIMXLIVE
HITVIWWIHVSEH[E]WIGXMSRSVEVSEH[E]WIGXMSRYXMPM^MRKGSRGVIXIFEVVMIVWERHTSRHIH[EXIVSR
XLIVSEH[E]GERSRP]FIVIQSZIHXLVSYKLXLIWXSVQHVEMRW]WXIQE]IEVWXSVQJVIUYIRG]ERH
XLIEGXYEPXMQISJGSRGIRXVEXMSRWLSYPHFIYWIHEWXLIHIWMKRGVMXIVMEJSVFSXLXLIHVSTMRPIXERH
XLITMTIW]WXIQ
*IHIVEP*PSSH-RWYVERGIGVMXIVMEHMGXEXIXLEXXLIIJJIGXWSJXLI]IEVWXSVQIZIRX
YWMRKXLI
EGXYEPXMQISJGSRGIRXVEXMSR
SRFYMPHMRKWMRWYVIHYRHIVXLI*PSSH-RWYVERGI4VSKVEQQYWXFI
MRZIWXMKEXIH7YGLGEWIWWLSYPHSRP]FIIRGSYRXIVIH[LIVIXLIVSEH[E]XVEZIVWIWEHIWMKREXIH
JPSSHTPEMREVIEGSRXEMRMRKMRWYVIHFYMPHMRKWERHXLIHITXLSJ[EXIVSRXLITEZIQIRXMWWYJJMGMIRX
XSSZIVXSTXLIGYVFERHJPS[XSXLIFYMPHMRKW
8LIQE\MQYQHIWMKRWTVIEH[MHXLQE]RSXFISFXEMREFPIHYIXSXLITEZIQIRXWLSYPHIVWPSTI
ERHXLILIMKLXSJXLIGYVF-RPSGEXMSRW[LIVIXLIGYVF[SYPHFISZIVXSTTIHERH[EXIV[SYPH
IWGETIXLIVSEH[E]WIGXMSRTVMSVXSEGLMIZMRKXLIQE\MQYQHIWMKRWTVIEH[MXLXLIQE\MQYQ
HITXLSJTSRHIH[EXIVEPPS[IHEHNEGIRXXSXLIGYVFJSVXLIHIWMKRWXSVQWLEPPFIGYVFLIMKLX
QMRYWSRI
MRGL
2SXIWXLVSYKLWLSYPHRSVQEPP]FIETTPMIHXSXLIWTIGMJMGPSGEXMSRWEWRSXIHMRXLIGVMXIVME
XEFPI
%XPSGEXMSR[LIVIMXQE]FIVIEWSREFP]ERXMGMTEXIHXLEXXLIVYRSJJJVSQWXSVQIZIRXW[MXL
VEMRJEPPMRXIRWMXMIWKVIEXIVXLERMRGLIWTIVLSYV[MPPSZIVXE\XLIHVSTMRPIXW]WXIQXSXLITSMRX
XLEXI\GIWWJPS[[MPPIWGETIXLIVSEH[E]WIGXMSRERHVIWYPXMRTSXIRXMEPHEQEKIXSXLIEHNEGIRX
TVSTIVX]ERHSVVSEH[E]VMKLXSJ[E]XLIHVSTMRPIXW]WXIQWLEPPFIEREP]^IHJSVEGLIGOWXSVQ
IZIRX[MXLEVEMRJEPPMRXIRWMX]SJMRGLIWTIVLSYV
-JEPPSJXLIVYRSJJJVSQXLIGLIGOWXSVQIZIRXMWJSYRHXSFIGSRXEMRIH[MXLMRXLIVSEH[E]
WIGXMSRFSXLEXXLIWMXIERHHS[RKVEHISVMJVYRSJJIWGETMRKXLIVSEH[E]WIGXMSRMWJSYRHXSRSX
FIHEQEKMRKXSEHNEGIRXTVSTIVX]XLIHVSTMRPIXW]WXIQQE]FIYWIHEWSVMKMREPP]HIWMKRIH
YRHIVXLIKIRIVEPGVMXIVME-JXLIHVSTMRPIXW]WXIQJEMPWXSQIIXXLIGLIGOWXSVQGVMXIVMEMXQYWX
FIVIHIWMKRIHXSEGGSQQSHEXIXLIVYRSJJJVSQXLIGLIGOWXSVQIZIRX
(VSTMRPIXWMRXLIWIPSGEXMSRWEVITVSRIXSGPSKKMRKERHEVISJXIRPSGEXIHMREVIEW[LIVI
QEMRXIRERGIMWHMJJMGYPX8SGSQTIRWEXIJSVTEVXMEPGPSKKMRKXLIGSQTYXIHWPSXPIRKXLZEPYI
WLSYPHFIEHNYWXIHF]QYPXMTP]MRKF]EJEGXSVSJX[S
8LIEHNYWXIHGSQTYXIHWPSXPIRKXL
ZEPYIWLSYPHXLIRFIYWIHXSHIXIVQMRIXLIWPSXPIRKXLWTIGMJMIHSRXLITPERW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-3STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
LOSSES IN JUNCTION DUE TO
CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF FLOW LATERAL
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-4STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
STORMWATER INLET COMPUTATIONS (VDOT LD-204)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-5STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
STORM DRAIN DESIGN COMPUTATIONS (VDOT LD-229)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-6STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE COMPUTATIONS (VDOT LD-347)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-7STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
FLOW IN TRIANGULAR GUTTER SECTIONS
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-8STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
FLOW CHARACTERISTIC CURVES (24” GUTTER)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-9STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
MANNING’S SOLUTION FOR FLOW IN STORM DRAINS
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-10STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
NOMOGRAPH FOR COMPUTING REQUIRED SIZE
OF CIRCULAR DRAIN FOR FULL FLOW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-11STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7A
CONCRETE PIPE FLOW NOMOGRAPH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147A-12STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
APPENDIX 7B
INSTALLATION PROCEDURES
FROM ROANOKE COUNTY
-RWTIGXMSR7TIGMJMGEXMSRW*SV,(4)4-4)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-1STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-2STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-3STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-4STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-5STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-6STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-7STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-8STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-9STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-10STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-11STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-12STORMDRAINS
STORM DRAINSAPPENDIX 7B
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/147B-13STORMDRAINS
RESIDENTIAL LOT DRAINAGE CHAPTER 8
Chapter 8-Residential Lot Drainage(RESERVED)
CR
OUNTY OF OANOKE
7/1/148-1
RESIDENTIAL LOTDRAINAGE
NOT USEDCHAPTER 9
Chapter 9–(NOT USED)
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/149-1()
NOT USED
ENERGY DISSIPATIONCHAPTER 10
Chapter 10-Energy Dissipation
3YXPIXTVSXIGXMSRJSVGYPZIVXWWXSVQHVEMRW&14SYXPIXWERHWXIITSTIRGLERRIPWMW
IWWIRXMEPXSTVIZIRXMRKIVSWMSRJVSQHEQEKMRKHS[RWXVIEQGLERRIPWERHHVEMREKIWXVYGXYVIW
)VSWMSRTVSFPIQWEXGYPZIVXWSVEXXLISYXPIXJVSQHIXIRXMSRFEWMRWEVIEGSQQSRSGGYVVIRGI
(IXIVQMREXMSRSJXLIJPS[GSRHMXMSRWWGSYVTSXIRXMEPERHGLERRIPIVSWMSRVIWMWXERGIWLEPPFI
WXERHEVHTVSGIHYVIJSVEPPHIWMKRW
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I\GIWWMZIJPS[ZIPSGMXMIWERHTVIZIRXIVSWMSRERHWGSYV
3YXPIXTVSXIGXMSRWLEPPFIIQTPS]IH[LIRIZIVXLIZIPSGMX]SJJPS[EXETMTISVSTIR
GLERRIPSYXPIXI\GIIHWXLIIVSWMZIZIPSGMX]SJXLIMQQIHMEXIHS[RWXVIEQVIEGL
)RIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRQE]XEOIXLIJSVQSJXLIJSPPS[MRK
)VSWMSRGSRXVSPWXSRIPMRIHGLERRIPW
6MTVETSYXPIXFEWMRW SV
'SRGVIXIFEJJPIHSYXPIXW
10.1References
)\GITX[LIVIQSVIWXVMRKIRXVIUYMVIQIRXWEVITVIWIRXIHMRXLMW(IWMKR1ERYEPIRIVK]
HMWWMTEXSVWWLEPPGSQTP][MXL:(38ERHSXLIVWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXW8LITVMQEV]HIWMKR
VIJIVIRGIWEVIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPERHXLI:%)
7',ERHFSSO3XLIVETTVSTVMEXI
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97(ITXSJXLI-RXIVMSVz&YVIEYSJ6IGPEQEXMSR (IWMKRSJ7QEPP'EREP7XVYGXYVIW
COUNTYOF ROANOKE
7/1/1410-1ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONCHAPTER 10
10.2Design Methodology and Criteria
10.2.1OutletVelocity
;LIVIXLISYXPIXZIPSGMX]JVSQGYPZIVXWWXSVQHVEMRSYXJEPPWSVSTIRGLERRIPWMWLMKL
ERHGLERRIPSVTMTIQSHMJMGEXMSRWGERRSXEHIUYEXIP]VIHYGIXLIZIPSGMX]IRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRQE]
FIRIGIWWEV]7IIXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEPJSVQIXLSHSPSKMIWXSHIXIVQMRIHIWMKRSYXPIX
ZIPSGMXMIWJVSQSTIRGLERRIPWGYPZIVXWERHWXSVQHVEMRW
*SVXLIGEPGYPEXMSRSJSTIRGLERRIPZIPSGMX]WII'LETXIV
*SVXLIGEPGYPEXMSRSJI\MXZIPSGMX]JVSQGYPZIVXWWII'LETXIV
*SVXLIGEPGYPEXMSRSJI\MXZIPSGMX]JVSQWXSVQHVEMRTMTIWWII'LETXIV
10.2.2Erosion Control Stone
8LIQSWXGSQQSRJSVQSJIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRMWXLIYWISJIVSWMSRGSRXVSPWXSRIEXXLI
SYXPIX4VSXIGXMSRMWTVSZMHIHTVMQEVMP]F]LEZMRKWYJJMGMIRXPIRKXLERHJPEVIXSHMWWMTEXIIRIVK]
F]I\TERHMRKXLIJPS[8LISYXPIXZIPSGMXMIWEVIGSQTYXIHJSVXLIHIWMKRHMWGLEVKIERHXLI
]IEVHMWGLEVKI;LMGLIZIVZIPSGMX]MWXLILMKLIWXMWYWIHJSVIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRHIWMKR
;LIVIETMTIHMWGLEVKIWMRXSEGLERRIPXLIETVSRWLEPPI\XIRHEGVSWWXLIGLERRIPFSXXSQ
ERHWLEPPI\XIRHYTXLIFEROXSEHITXLSJSRIJSSXEFSZIXLIQE\MQYQXEMP[EXIVHITXLJVSQXLI
HIWMKRWXSVQIZIRX8LIHMQIRWMSREPVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLIIVSWMSRGSRXVSPWXSRIETVSRWLEPPFI
HIXIVQMRIHYWMRKXLIKVETLMGEPGYVZIWMRXLI:%)
,ERHFSSO
+IRIVEPP]XLIYWISJIVSWMSRGSRXVSPWXSRIJSVIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRMWPMQMXIHXSEQE\MQYQ
ZIPSGMX]SJ JIIXTIVWIGSRH%PXIVREXMZIQIERWSJIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWLEPPFIVIUYMVIH[LIVI
XLIHMWGLEVKIZIPSGMX]MWKVIEXIVXLER JIIXTIVWIGSRH%PXIVREXMZIQIERWMRGPYHIVMTVETSYXPIX
FEWMRWSVGSRGVIXIFEJJPIHSYXPIXW8LIYWISJEPXIVREXMZIQIERWSJIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRVIUYMVIW
XLIETTVSZEPSJ:(38[LIRPSGEXIHMRE:(38VMKLXSJ[E]
10.2.3Riprap Outlet Basins
%VMTVETFEWMRMWEHITVIWWIHEVIESJVMTVETTPEGIHEXXLISYXPIXSJELMKLZIPSGMX]GYPZIVX
WXSVQHVEMRSYXPIXSVSTIRGLERRIP8LIVMTVETVIHYGIWXLII\MXZIPSGMX]F]I\TERHMRKXLIJPS[
SZIVXLIVMTVETPIRKXLERH[MHXLERHJSVQMRKEL]HVEYPMGNYQT
*SVXLIHIWMKRSJVMTVETFEWMRWVIJIVXSXLI:(38(VEMREKI1ERYEP(MWWMTEXSV
KISQIXV]QE]EPWSFIGSQTYXIHYWMRKXLIw)RIVK](MWWMTEXSVxQSHYPIXLEXMWEZEMPEFPIMRXLI
GSQTYXIVTVSKVEQ*,;%,= 'YPZIVX%REP]WMW
COUNTYOF ROANOKE
7/1/1410-2ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONCHAPTER 10
(IXEMPWSJXLIVMTVETFEWMRIRIVK]HMWWMTEXSVEVIMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%
10.2.4Baffled Outlets
%FEJJPIHSYXPIXYWYEPP]GSRWMWXWSJEGSRGVIXIFS\WXVYGXYVI[MXLEZIVXMGEPLERKMRK
GSRGVIXIFEJJPIERHERIRHWMPP7IZIVEPZEVMEXMSRWSJGSRGVIXIFEJJPIHSYXPIXWLEZIFIIR
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JYRGXMSRF]HMWWMTEXMRKIRIVK]XLVSYKLMQTEGXSJXLI[EXIVLMXXMRKXLIFEJJPIERHXLVSYKLXLI
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COUNTYOF ROANOKE
7/1/1410-3ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONCHAPTER 10
8LIPMQMXWSJXLI;HVEXMSEVIJVSQXS[LMGLGSVVIWTSRHWXS*VSYHI
RYQFIVWXS -JXLIFEWMRMWQYGL[MHIVXLER;JPS[[MPPTEWWYRHIVXLIFEJJPI
ERHIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSR[MPPRSXFIIJJIGXMZI
7XIT 'EPGYPEXISXLIVFEWMRHMQIRWMSRWEWEJYRGXMSRSJ;
6IJIVXSXLI7GLIQEXMGSJ&EJJPIH3YXPIXMR%TTIRHM\'%JSVSXLIVHMQIRWMSRWEWE
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7XIT 'EPGYPEXIXLIVIUYMVIHTVSXIGXMSRJSVXLIXVERWMXMSRJVSQXLIFEJJPIHSYXPIXXSXLI
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7XIT 'EPGYPEXIXLISYXPIXTMTIHMEQIXIVIRXIVMRKXLIFEWMREWWYQMRKEZIPSGMX]SJJTW
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IRHXSTVIZIRXTVIWWYVIJPYGXYEXMSRWERHTSWWMFPIWYVKMRKJPS[GSRHMXMSRW
10.2.5Energy Dissipator for Paved Areas
*SVIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRJVSQZIPSGMXMIWJVSQTEZIHGLERRIPWSVJPYQIWYWI:(38
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10.2.6Additional Energy Dissipators
COUNTYOF ROANOKE
7/1/1410-4ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONCHAPTER 10
*SVEHHMXMSREPIRIVK]HMWWMTEXSVWVIJIVXS*,;%,)'2SIRXMXPIH,]HVEYPMG(IWMKR
SJ)RIVK](MWWMTEXSVWJSV'YPZIVXWERH'LERRIPW
10.3Installation Requirements
)RIVK]HMWWMTEXSVWWLEPPFIMRWXEPPIHERHGSRWXVYGXIHEGGSVHMRKXSEPPETTPMGEFPI*,;%
:(38ERHSXLIVWXEXIVIUYMVIQIRXWERHVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW
10.4Easements
;LIVIERIRIVK]HMWWMTEXIV[MPPFIS[RIHF]ETYFPMGNYVMWHMGXMSRSVEKIRG]EHVEMREKI
IEWIQIRXQYWXIRGSQTEWWXLIIRXMVIIRIVK]HMWWMTEXSVERHTVSZMHIEREHHMXMSREPEVIEJIIX
[MHIEVSYRHXLIIRXMVIIRIVK]HMWWMTEXSVXSTVSZMHIJSVQEMRXIRERGI
10.5Environmental Impacts
'SRWXVYGXMSRSVQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWXVYGXYVIWWLEPPGSQTP][MXLEPP
ETTPMGEFPIPE[WERHVIKYPEXMSRW8LIETTPMGERXMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVTVSGYVMRKEPPRIGIWWEV]TIVQMXW
WYGLEW97%VQ]'SVTWSJ)RKMRIIVWERH:%()5;IXPERH4IVQMXWIXG
10.6Maintenance Requirements
8LITIVQMXXIIMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWXVYGXYVIWYRXMP
GSRWXVYGXMSRMWGSQTPIXIMRGPYHMRKJMREPGPIERYTERHWMXIWXEFMPM^EXMSRXSXLIWEXMWJEGXMSRSJXLI
'SYRX]%JXIVXLIGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRTVSTIVX]S[RIVWSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVXMIWEVI
VIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXIRERGISJEPPIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWXVYGXYVIWPSGEXIHMRTVMZEXIIEWIQIRXW
COUNTYOF ROANOKE
7/1/1410-5ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10A
APPENDIX 10A
AIDS FOR ENERGY DISSIPATION DESIGN
FROM VDOT DRAINAGE MANUAL
*MKYVI )(IXEMPWSJ6MTVET&EWMR)RIVK](MWWMTEXSV
*MKYVI )6MTVET&EWMR(IWMKR'LIGOPMWX
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410A-1ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10A
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410A-2ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10A
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410A-3ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10B
APPENDIX 10B
AIDS FOR ENERGY DISSIPATION DESIGN
FROM VDOT ROAD AND BRIDGE STANDARDS
7XERHEVH7XSRIJSV)VSWMSR'SRXVSP
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410B-1ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10B
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410B-2ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
APPENDIX 10C
ENERGY DISSIPATION DESIGNSCHEMATICS
7GLIQEXMGWSJ&EJJPIH3YXPIXJVSQ97&YVIEYSJ6IGPEQEXMSR(IWMKRSJ7QEPP'EREP
7XVYGXYVIW
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7XERHEVH)RIVK](MWWMTEXSVJSV9WI[MXL4EZIH*PYQIJVSQ:(386SEHERH&VMHKI7XERHEVHW
4VIGEWX)RIVK](MWWMTEXSVJVSQ:(386SEHERH&VMHKI7XERHEVHW
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COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-1ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-2ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-3ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-4ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-5ENERGY DISSIPATION
ENERGY DISSIPATIONAPPENDIX 10C
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/1410C-6ENERGY DISSIPATION
(NOT USED)CHAPTER 11
Chapter 11–(NOT USED)
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/14()
NOT USED
11-1
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
Chapter 12-Environmentally Sensitive Areas
7XSVQ[EXIVHMWGLEVKIWXSEVIEW[MXLJIEXYVIWMHIRXMJMIHEWIRZMVSRQIRXEPP]WIRWMXMZIQE]
FIWYFNIGXXSEHHMXMSREPVIUYMVIQIRXWSVQE]RIIHXSYXMPM^ISVVIWXVMGXGIVXEMRWXSVQ[EXIV
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WIRWMXMZIx
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7XIIT7PSTIWz%VIEW[MXLEWPSTISJTIVGIRXSVKVIEXIV
7XVIEQ&YJJIVWz7IXFEGOWERHZIKIXEXMZIFYJJIVWIWXEFPMWLIHEHNEGIRXXSXLI6SERSOI
6MZIVEWVIUYMVIHF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI^SRMRKSVHMRERGISVHIWMKREXIH
GSRWIVZEXMSREVIEFYJJIV^SRIWEXIEGLFEROSJWXVIEQWTSRHWPEOIW[IXPERHWERH
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12.1References
8LIJSPPS[MRKTYFPMGEXMSRWQE]FIYWIJYPMRTVSZMHMRKKYMHERGI[LIRTIVJSVQMRK
GSRWXVYGXMSRIWXEFPMWLMRKHIZIPSTQIRXPMQMXWERHHIZIPSTMRKETTVSTVMEXIWXVEXIKMIWERHHIWMKR
JIEXYVIWXSEHHVIWWXLIWTIGMEPGSRGIVRWVIPEXIHXSIRZMVSRQIRXEPP]WIRWMXMZIEVIEW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-1ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
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TVSXIGXPMJIERHTVSTIVX]TVIZIRXWIHMQIRXEXMSRERHTSPPYXMSRSJ[EXIVVIWSYVGIWERHXSTVIZIRX
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JPSSHTPEMRPMQMXWEVIWXVSRKP]IRGSYVEKIHXSEGGSYRXJSVJYXYVIHIZIPSTQIRX[MXLMRXLIYTWXVIEQ
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-2ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
8LIPS[IWXJPSSVIPIZEXMSRSJER]RI[VIWMHIRXMEPWXVYGXYVIEWHIJMRIHMRXLI'SYRX]SJ
6SERSOI>SRMRK3VHMRERGI7IGXMSR WLEPPFIEXPIEWXJIIXEFSZIXLIFEWIJPSSHIPIZEXMSR
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12.2.1Applicant Flood Study Requirements
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-3ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
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'VSWWWIGXMSRWJVSQXLIWXYH]QYWXFIMRHMGEXIHSRXLIWMXITPERWWYFQMXXIHEWETEVX
SJXLIHIZIPSTQIRXVIZMI[TEGOEKI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-4ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
12.2.2Floodplain Delineation
8LIPMQMXWSJJPSSHTPEMRJPSSH[E]WWLEPPFIWXEOIHMRXLIJMIPHTVMSVXSER]PERH
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GSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRXLIPMQMXWSJJPSSHTPEMRJPSSH[E]WWLEPPFIGLIGOIHXSZIVMJ]XLEXRS
YREYXLSVM^IHJMPPMRKLEWXEOIRTPEGIMRXLIJPSSH[E]
4PEGIJPSSHTPEMRPMQMXWERHJPSSH[E]WSRXLIJMREPTPEXWWYFQMXXIHJSVIEGLTVSTIVX]%PP
WYFHMZMWMSRTPEXWERHWMXITPERWPSGEXIH[MXLMRXLIJPSSHTPEMRMR[LSPISVMRTEVXWLEPPMRGPYHI
FEWIJPSSHIPIZEXMSRHEXE
12.3Steep Slopes
7TIGMEPTVIGEYXMSRWERHKYMHIPMRIWEVIVIUYMVIHJSVHIZIPSTQIRXMREVIEWLEZMRKWXIIT
WPSTIWHIJMRIHEWXLMVX]XLVIIERHSRIXLMVHTIVGIRX
SVKVIEXIV8LIWITVIGEYXMSRWERH
KYMHIPMRIWEHHVIWWXLIMRGVIEWIHTSXIRXMEPJSVWSMPIVSWMSRWIHMQIRXEXMSR[EXIVTSPPYXMSRERH
WITXMGHMWTSWEPTVSFPIQWEWWSGMEXIH[MXLXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJEVIEW[MXLWMKRMJMGERXXSTSKVETLMGEP
VIPMIJ9RVIWXVMGXIHHIZIPSTQIRXSJWXIITWPSTIWQE]VIWYPXMR
6ETMHERHSVPEVKIWGEPIQSZIQIRXSJWSMPERHVSGO
6ETMHERHI\GIWWMZIWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJ
(ITSWMXMSRSJIVSHIHQEXIVMEPPIEHMRKXSWMPXEXMSRSJREXYVEPERHQERQEHI
FSHMIWSJ[EXIV
0SWWSJEIWXLIXMGVIWSYVGI ERH
+VIEXIVXVEZIPHMWXERGISJWITXMGIJJPYIRXMRXLIIZIRXSJWITXMGW]WXIQJEMPYVI
12.3.1Development Restrictions
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'SHIw)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSPERH7XIIT7PSTI(IZIPSTQIRX3VHMRERGISJXLI'SYRX]SJ
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-JXLIKVEHISJEWMXIMWKVIEXIVXLER VIJIVXSXLI-RXIVREXMSREP&YMPHMRK'SHIJSV
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12.3.2Design Standards
2SPERHHMWXYVFERGISJWXIITWPSTIWQE]SGGYV[MXLSYXEKISXIGLRMGEPWXYH]XLEX
GSRGPYHIWXLEXXLIPERHHMWXYVFERGI[MPPVIWYPXMREWXEFPIJMRMWLIHWPSTI*SVXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-5ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
EKISXIGLRMGEPWXYH]WII'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSPERH7XIIT7PSTI
3VHMRERGI
0ERHHMWXYVFERGISJWXIITWPSTIWVIUYMVIXLITVITEVEXMSRERHWYFQMXXEPXSXLI'SYRX]SJ
EWFYMPXTPERWWLS[MRKXLEXXLIJMRMWLIHKISQIXV]MWMRWYFWXERXMEPGSRJSVQMX][MXLXLIETTVSZIH
WMXITPER
*MPPQEXIVMEPWGSQTEGXMSRQIXLSHWERHHIRWMX]WTIGMJMGEXMSRWWLEPPFIMRHMGEXIHSRXLI
WMXIHIZIPSTQIRXTPERW*MPPEVIEWMRXIRHIHXSWYTTSVXWXVYGXYVIWWLEPPEPWSFIMRHMGEXIHSRXLI
WMXIHIZIPSTQIRXTPERW'SQTEGXMSRXIWXVIWYPXWTIV:(38WXERHEVHWWLEPPFIWYFQMXXIHXSXLI
'SYRX]
7MXIKVEHMRKERHQIEWYVIWVIUYMVIHXSGSRXVSPWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJWLEPPGSPPIGXERHGEVV]
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HMWGLEVKIHMREVIEWSJWXIITWPSTIWEHIUYEXITVSXIGXMSRQYWXFIMRWXEPPIHXSTVIZIRXGLERRIP
IVSWMSRERHIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWLEPPFIYWIHEXXLIFEWISJXLIWXIITWPSTIXSTVIZIRXIVSWMSR
[LIVIXLIJPS[XVERWMXMSRWXSEWLEPPS[IVWPSTI8LIYWISJEGPSWIHGSRHYMXWXSVQHVEMRWLSYPH
FIGSRWMHIVIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL'LETXIV
12.4 Stream Buffers
7XVIEQFYJJIVWEVIIWXEFPMWLIHXSTVSZMHIEREXYVEPP]ZIKIXEXIHWXVMTSJPERHEHNEGIRXXSE
WXVIEQ8LMWFYJJIVTVSXIGXWXLIWXVIEQJVSQIRGVSEGLQIRXF]HIZIPSTQIRXTVIWIVZIWXLI[EXIV
VIGVIEXMSREPERHIRZMVSRQIRXEPVIWSYVGIWTVSXIGXWXLIJPSSHTPEMRERHJPSSH[E]VIXEVHWVYRSJJ
ERHLIPTWMQTVSZIXLI[EXIVUYEPMX]SJWXVIEQF]TVIZIRXMRKIVSWMSRERHJMPXIVMRKRSRTSMRX
WSYVGITSPPYXMSRJVSQVYRSJJ
8LIIWXEFPMWLQIRXSJWXVIEQFYJJIVWEWE[EXIVUYEPMX]QIEWYVIMWIRGSYVEKIHF]XLI
'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI6IUYMVIQIRXWJSVWXVIEQFYJJIVWWLEPPFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI'SYRX]SJ
6SERSOI>SRMRK3VHMRERGI
12.5Critical Erosion Areas
'VMXMGEPIVSWMSREVIEWMJGPIEVIHSJZIKIXEXMSRERHI\TSWIHXSXLIIPIQIRXWSJREXYVIQE]
I\TIVMIRGIWMKRMJMGERXIVSWMSRERHWIHMQIRXEXMSRTVSFPIQWMRGPYHMRKEWMKRMJMGERXPSWWSJ
XSTWSMP8LIWIWSMPWXIRHXSFIPSGEXIHSRLMPPWMHIWERHEVIEW[MXLWXIITWPSTIWERHEHNEGIRXXS
VMZIVZEPPI]WERHXVMFYXEVMIW
'VMXMGEPIVSWMSREVIEWMRGPYHIX[SWYFGEXIKSVMIW
8LIIVSWMSRLE^EVHMWGVMXMGEPMJXLIWPSTIPIRKXLI\GIIHWXLIJSPPS[MRKGVMXIVME
WPSTI"JIIX
WPSTI"JIIX
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-6ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
" WPSTI"JIIX
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7XEXIW(ITEVXQIRXSJ%KVMGYPXYVI
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:MVKMRMETVSHYGIHF]XLI9RMXIH7XEXIW(ITEVXQIRXSJ%KVMGYPXYVI2EXMSREP6IWSYVGI
'SRWIVZEXMSR7IVZMGIWLEPPFIYWIHXSHIXIVQMRIMJETEVGIPMWPMOIP]XSLEZILMKLP]IVSHMFPIWSMPW
YRPIWWEQSVIHIXEMPIHKISXIGLRMGEPWXYH]MWTIVJSVQIH
'VMXMGEPIVSWMSREVIEWWLEPPFIMRHMGEXIHSRXLI)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSP4PER8SXLI
I\XIRXJIEWMFPIHMWXYVFERGISJGVMXMGEPIVSWMSREVIEWWLEPPFIEZSMHIHSVQMRMQM^IH;LIVI
GVMXMGEPIVSWMSREVIEWEVIHMWXYVFIHXLIMVTVSXIGXMSRERHWXEFMPM^EXMSRWLEPPWTIGMJMGEPP]FI
EHHVIWWIHF]XLI)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSP4PERERHXLI7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER
12.6Karst Geology
/EVWXMWERYRHIVP]MRKKISPSK][LMGLMWGSQQSRMR6SERSOI'SYRX][LIVIXLI
YRHIVP]MRKVSGOMWTVIHSQMRERXP]WSPYFPIPMQIWXSRISVHSPSQMXIGVIEXMRKGEZIWGVIZMGIWERH
SXLIVGEZMXMIWMRXLIVSGO7XSVQ[EXIVQE]MRJMPXVEXIXSXLIOEVWXKISPSKMGVSGOERHUYMGOP]HVEMR
XLVSYKLXLISTIRGEZMXMIW-REHHMXMSRXSTVSZMHMRKEUYMGOXVERWTSVXQIGLERMWQJSVTSXIRXMEP
WXSVQ[EXIVTSPPYXERXWXLMWQE]GVIEXIUYMGOIVSWMSRSJXLIPMQIWXSRITSXIRXMEPP]GEYWMRK
WMROLSPIWSVSXLIVWYVJEGIWPSYKLMRK
/EVWXEVIEWTVIWIRXTVSFPIQW[MXLGSRZIRXMSREPL]HVSPSKMGWXSVQ[EXIVQSHIPWGVIEXMRK
TSSVVITVIWIRXEXMSRSJVYRSJJVEXIWEWQSWXQSHIPWHSRSXLEZIEPPS[ERGIWJSVPSWWIWXLVSYKL
WMROLSPIWGVIZMGIWSVGEZIW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-7ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
%WMXIMRZIWXMKEXMSRMWVIUYMVIHXSMHIRXMJ]EVIEWMQTEGXIHF]OEVWXKISPSK]-HIRXMJMGEXMSR
SJOEVWXMREPERHHMWXYVFERGIEGXMZMX]EVIEWLEPPFIFEWIHSRPSGEPKISPSK]ERHWSMPWQETWEIVMEP
TLSXSKVETL]ERHWMXIZMWMXWF]ERMRHMZMHYEPJEQMPMEV[MXLOEVWXKISPSK]
7II('68IGLRMGEP&YPPIXMR,]HVSPSKMG1SHIPMRKERH(IWMKRMR/EVWXJSVEHHMXMSREP
MRJSVQEXMSRSRMHIRXMJMGEXMSRERHQSHIPMRKVIUYMVIQIRXWJSVEVIEWMROEVWXKISPSK]
6IGSQQIRHIHTVEGXMGIWMRGPYHI
(IWMKRXLIWMXIXSXEOIQE\MQYQEHZERXEKISJXSTSKVETL]
1MRMQM^IWMXIHMWXYVFERGIGYXWJMPPWERHHVEMREKIEPXIVEXMSRW
1MRMQM^IXLIMQTIVZMSYWWYVJEGI
7XSVQ[EXIVGSRZI]ERGIWXVYGXYVIWWLEPPFIHIWMKRIHXSHMWWMTEXISZIVPERHJPS[SZIVXLI
PEVKIWXEVIEWTSWWMFPI%ZSMHGSRGIRXVEXMSRSJJPS[WERHTSRHMRK
-RJMPXVEXMSRJEGMPMXMIWQE]RSXFIPSGEXIHMROEVWXKISPSK][MXLSYXEWYMXEFPIKISXIGLRMGEP
MRZIWXMKEXMSRTIVJSVQIHYRHIVXLIWYTIVZMWMSRSJEPMGIRWIHKISXIGLRMGEPIRKMRIIV
12.7Stormwater Hot Spots
7XSVQ[EXIVHMWGLEVKIWJVSQPERHYWIWSVEGXMZMXMIW[MXLLMKLIVTSXIRXMEPTSPPYXERX
PSEHMRKWORS[REWwLSXWTSXWxQE]VIUYMVIEKVIEXIVPIZIPSJWXSVQ[EXIVXVIEXQIRXSVXLIYWISJ
WTIGMJMGWXVYGXYVEP&14WERHTSPPYXMSRTVIZIRXMSRTVEGXMGIW+VIEXIVGSRGIRXVEXMSRWSJWIHMQIRX
L]HVSGEVFSRWXVEGIWQIXEPWTIWXMGMHIWERHSXLIVXS\MGWXLEREVIJSYRHMRX]TMGEPWXSVQ[EXIV
VYRSJJQE]UYEPMJ]EWMXIJSVHIWMKREXMSREWELSXWTSX
8LIJSPPS[MRKPERHYWIWERHEGXMZMXMIWQE]FIWXSVQ[EXIVLSXWTSXW
:ILMGPIWEPZEKI]EVHWERHVIG]GPMRKJEGMPMXMIW
:ILMGPIJYIPMRKWXEXMSRW
:ILMGPIWIVZMGIERHQEMRXIRERGIJEGMPMXMIW
:ILMGPIERHIUYMTQIRXGPIERMRKJEGMPMXMIW
*PIIXWXSVEKIEVIEW
FYWXVYGOIXG
-RHYWXVMEPWMXIW
JSV7-'GSHIWGSRXEGX:%()5
1EVMREW
WIVZMGIERHQEMRXIRERGIEVIEW
3YXHSSVPMUYMHGSRXEMRIVWXSVEKI
3YXHSSVPSEHMRKERHYRPSEHMRKJEGMPMXMIW
4YFPMG[SVOWWXSVEKIEVIEW
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'SQQIVGMEPGSRXEMRIVRYVWIV]
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(V]GPIERMRKSTIVEXMSRW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-8ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
12.7.1Design Restrictions
7XSVQ[EXIV&14TVEGXMGIWLEZMRKERMRJMPXVEXMSRGSQTSRIRXPSGEXIHMRWXSVQ[EXIV
LSXWTSXEVIEWWLEPPFITVSZMHIH[MXLEHIUYEXITVIXVIEXQIRXSVWXSVEKIEVIEWXSTVIGPYHITSPPYXERXW
JVSQXLIMRJMPXVEXMSREVIE
7XSVQ[EXIVHIXIRXMSRJEGMPMXMIWWLEPPFIWITEVEXIHEQMRMQYQSJJSYVJIIXJVSQXLI
WIEWSREPLMKLKVSYRH[EXIVXEFPISVYXMPM^IERMQTIVQIEFPIPMRIV
8LITVSTIVX]S[RIVQYWXGSRJSVQ[MXLEPPETTPMGEFPIPE[WERHVIKYPEXMSRWVIPIZERXXS
ER]GLIQMGEPWSVLE^EVHSYWQEXIVMEPWYWIHSRXLIWIWMXIW-RHYWXVMEPSTIVEXMSRWWLEPPFI
GSRHYGXIHXSQMRMQM^II\TSWYVISJGLIQMGEPWXSVEKIGSRXEMRIVWXSWXSVQ[EXIVERHGSRXEMRER]
VYRSJJEWVIUYMVIHF]PE[[LIVIXLMWGERRSXFIEZSMHIH
8LIWIWMXIWQYWXEPWSQIIX('6:714ERH()5:4()7TIVQMXVIUYMVIQIRXW[LIVI
ETTPMGEFPI
12.7.2Golf Course Development
+SPJGSYVWIW[LMPIQEMRXEMRMRKMQTIVZMSYWEVIEERHREXYVEPFYJJIVWEPPS[JSVXLI
MRXVSHYGXMSRSJRYXVMIRXWMRXSWXSVQ[EXIVXLVSYKLJIVXMPM^IVWERHGLIQMGEPWMRXSWXSVQ[EXIV
XLVSYKLXLIYWISJTIWXMGMHIWERHLIVFMGMHIW
(IWMKRSJKSPJGSYVWIWTYFPMGSVTVMZEXIWLSYPHQIIXXLIJSPPS[MRKTIVJSVQERGI
WXERHEVHW
1EREKIHXYVJWLSYPHFIVIHYGIHF]MRGPYHMRKEVIEWSJVSYKLHIZSXIHXSREXMZI
TPERXWREXYVEPIRZMVSRQIRXWERH[MPHPMJILEFMXEXIRLERGIQIRX
%R-RXIKVEXIH4IWX1EREKIQIRXERHRYXVMIRXQEREKIQIRXTPERWLSYPHFI
TVITEVIHERHJSPPS[IH
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2EXYVEPZIKIXEXMSRERHXVIIWEPSRKWXVIEQWWLSYPHFIVIXEMRIHXSXLII\XIRH
TSWWMFPI
7XVIEQGVSWWMRKWWLSYPHFIQMRMQM^IH
-VVMKEXMSRHVEMREKIERHVIXIRXMSRW]WXIQWWLSYPHFIHIWMKRIHXSTVSZMHIJSV
IJJMGMIRXYWISJ[EXIVERHXLITVSXIGXMSRSJ[EXIVUYEPMX]
;EXIVVIYWIWXVEXIKMIWWLSYPHFIIQTPS]IH[LIRJIEWMFPI
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-9ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASCHAPTER 12
%HLIVIRGIXSXLIw)RZMVSRQIRXEP4VMRGMTPIWSJ+SPJ'SYVWIWMRXLI9RMXIH7XEXIWx
TYFPMWLIHF]XLI'IRXIVJSV6IWSYVGI1EREKIQIRXMWIRGSYVEKIH
%2YXVMIRX1EREKIQIRX4PERWLSYPHFIHIZIPSTIHF]EGIVXMJMIH2YXVMIRX
1EREKIQIRX4PERRIVGSRWMWXIRX[MXL('6vW2YXVMIRX1EREKIQIRX8VEMRMRKERH
'IVXMJMGEXMSR6IKYPEXMSRW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412-10ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASAPPENDIX 12A
APPENDIX 12A
DESIGN AIDS
FROM LOCAL ASSISTANCE MANUAL,
CHESAPEAKE BAY LOCAL ASSISTANCE DEPARTMENT
NOVEMBER 1989
)VSHMFMPMX]-RHI\0IRKXL7PSTI
07
*EGXSVW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412A-1ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREASAPPENDIX 12A
LENGTH/SLOPE (LS) FACTORS
7PSTI0IRKXLMR*IIX
7PSTI
7PSTI0IRKXLMR*IIX
7PSTI
7SYVGI :MVKMRME(ITXSJ'SRWIVZEXMSRERH,MWXSVMG6IWSYVGIW(MZMWMSRSJ7SMPERH;EXIV'SRWIVZEXMSR
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1412A-2ENVIRONMENTALLYSENSITIVEAREAS
GEOTECHNICAL STUDIESCHAPTER 13
Chapter 13-Geotechnical Studies(RESERVED)
COUNTY OF ROANOKE
7/1/14
GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES
13-1
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIESCHAPTER 14
Chapter 14-Maintenance of Stormwater Management Facilities
4VSTIVQEMRXIRERGISJWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWMWIWWIRXMEPXSIRWYVITVSTIV
PSRKXIVQSTIVEXMSRSJXLIWIW]WXIQW4SWWMFPITVSFPIQW[LMGLQE]HIZIPST[MXLSYXTVSTIV
QEMRXIRERGIMRGPYHI
7XSVQ[EXIVWXVYGXYVIWQE]FIGSQIGPSKKIH[MXLHIFVMWVIHYGMRKJPS[GETEGMX][LMGL
QE]GEYWIYTWXVIEQJPSSHMRK
7XSVQ[EXIVWXSVEKIJEGMPMXMIWQE]JMPP[MXLWIHMQIRXSVHIFVMWVIHYGMRKWXSVEKI
GETEGMX]ERHHMQMRMWLMRKXLIEFMPMX]SJXLIJEGMPMX]XSPS[IVWXSVQJPS[W[LMGLQE]
VIWYPXMRJPSSHMRKHS[RWXVIEQ
&14WQE]RSXVIQSZITSPPYXERXWEXXLIHIWMKRPIZIPWVIUYMVIHXSQIIXXLI[EXIV
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'PIEVMRKLSYWI[IFWMXI
14.1Responsibility for Maintenance
1EMRXIRERGISJWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWMWXLIVIWTSRWMFMPMX]SJXLITIVQMXXII
HYVMRKGSRWXVYGXMSRYRXMPEPP[SVOMWGSQTPIXIHMRGPYHMRKJMREPGPIERYTERHWMXIWXEFMPM^EXMSRXS
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EGGSVHERGI[MXLXLII\IGYXIH1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRX
8LI'SYRX]MWRSXVIWTSRWMFPIJSVQEMRXEMRMRKTVMZEXIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW
14.2Maintenance Agreements
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TVSTIVQEMRXIRERGISJEPPWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWWLEPPFIWIGYVIHTVMSVXSMWWYERGISJ
ER]TIVQMXWJSVPERHHMWXYVFERGIEGXMZMXMIW
6IWTSRWMFMPMX]JSVXLISTIVEXMSRERHQEMRXIRERGISJWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW
EJXIVXLIGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRWLEPPVIQEMR[MXLXLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]SVTVSTIVX]S[RIV
ERHWLEPPPIKEPP]TEWWXSER]WYGGIWWSVSVS[RIV
8LIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRXWLEPPMRGPYHIETVSNIGXWTIGMJMGETTIRHM\XLEXPMWXWEPP
WXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWTVIWIRXSRXLITVSTIVX] XLIQMRMQYQJVIUYIRG]SJ
MRWTIGXMSRWERHQEMRXIRERGIERHXLIVSYXMRIQEMRXIRERGIXLEXMWXSFITIVJSVQIHJSVIEGL
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414-1MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIESCHAPTER 14
WXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]8LITVSNIGXWTIGMJMGETTIRHM\XSXLIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRXMW
XSFITVITEVIHF]XLIETTPMGERXERHWYFQMXXIHXSXLI'SYRX][MXLXLI7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX
4PERJSVVIZMI[8LIMRJSVQEXMSRGSRXEMRIH[MXLMRXLI:%7;1,ERHFSSOERHXLI:%&14
'PIEVMRKLSYWIWLEPPFIYWIHF]XLIETTPMGERXEWEKYMHIMRTVITEVMRKXLITVSNIGXWTIGMJMG
ETTIRHM\XSXLIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRX LS[IZIVXLIQEMRXIRERGIVIUYMVIQIRXWWLEPPFI[VMXXIR
XSFIWTIGMJMGXSXLITVSNIGX;LIRPERHWGETMRKMWEGSQTSRIRXSJXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMX]ETVSNIGXWTIGMJMGQEMRXIRERGIWGLIHYPIJSVXLIPERHWGETMRKWLEPPFITVSZMHIHXLEXMW
VIJPIGXMZISJXLITPERXWTIGMIWXLEXEVIYWIH8LIPERHWGETMRKQEMRXIRERGIWGLIHYPIWLEPPGSRXEMR
KYMHERGIVIKEVHMRKQIXLSHWJVIUYIRG]ERHXMQISJ]IEVJSVPERHWGETIQEMRXIRERGI8LI
QEMRXIRERGIVIUYMVIQIRXWWLEPPWXVIWWXLIRIIHXSVIQSZIGYXERHVIQSZIZIKIXEXMSRJVSQXLI
&14ERHXLIWTIGMJMGVEXIERHQIXLSHSJJIVXMPM^EXMSRMJER]
%WEQTPI1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRXMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\%
-REHHMXMSRXLIETTPMGERXWLEPPEPWSIWXEFPMWLIEWIQIRXWJSVWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMXMIWXSKVERXXLI'SYRX]XLIVMKLXSJEGGIWWJSVTIVMSHMGMRWTIGXMSRWEWHIWGVMFIHMR'LETXIVW
ERH
14.3MaintenanceProgram
%GSRWMWXIRXQEMRXIRERGITVSKVEQMWXLIFIWX[E]XSIRWYVIXLEXWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMXMIW[MPPGSRXMRYIXSTIVJSVQXLIMVRIGIWWEV]JYRGXMSRW8LIJSPPS[MRKGSQTSRIRXWEVI
GSQQSRXSQER]WXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWQEMRXIRERGITVSKVEQWERHWLEPPFI
JSPPS[IH[LIVIETTPMGEFPI
6IKYPEV-RWTIGXMSRW
7GLIHYPIHMRWTIGXMSRWERHEHHMXMSREPMRWTIGXMSRWEJXIVQENSVWXSVQIZIRXWEVIRIGIWWEV]
XSYRHIVWXERHXLIGSRHMXMSRSJXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]ERHHMWGSZIV
HIJMGMIRGMIWWSXLEXXLI]QE]FIGSVVIGXIH
:IKIXEXMSR1EREKIQIRX
1SWXWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWVIP]SRZIKIXEXMSRXSJMPXIVWIHMQIRXJVSQ
WXSVQ[EXIVERHXSWXEFMPM^IXLIKVSYRHWYVJEGISJXLI&14
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-JEWLSVXIVPE[RMWHIWMVIHEHHMXMSREPPE[RGEVI[MPPFIRIIHIHXSQEMRXEMRXYVJ
LIEPXL2IZIVGYXKVEWWIWFIPS[EFPEHILIMKLXSJMRGLIW+VEWWIWSR
IQFEROQIRXWWLSYPHFIGYXEXPIEWXX[MGIMRXLIWTVMRKKVS[MRKWIEWSRSRGIMR
XLIWYQQIVERHX[MGIMRXLIJEPPKVS[MRKWIEWSR
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414-2MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIESCHAPTER 14
+VEWWGPMTTMRKWWLSYPHFIGSPPIGXIHVIQSZIHJVSQXLI&14ERHHMWTSWIHSJ
TVSTIVP]-HIEPP]KVEWWGPMTTMRKWWLSYPHFIGSQTSWXIHERHYWIHEWJIVXMPM^IVSV
QYPGLMRERYTPERHEVIE+VEWWGPMTTMRKWQYWXRIZIVFIHYQTIHMRXSWXVIEQW
STIRGLERRIPWWXSVQHVEMRWTSRHWSVWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEWXLI]
[MPPVIPIEWIRYXVMIRXWEWXLI]HIGE][LMGL[MPPJPS[MRXSWXVIEQW
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VIQSZIRYXVMIRXWJVSQWXSVQ[EXIV XLIVIJSVIMXMWMQTSVXERXXSRSXSZIVJIVXMPM^I
Often fertilization is not required
IWTIGMEPP]MJKVEWWMWQEMRXEMRIHEXELIMKLXSJ
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WTVE]XSIRXIV[EXIVEWQER]SJXLIWIGLIQMGEPWEVIXS\MGXSEUYEXMGPMJIMRWQEPP
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WTSXWQE]IQIVKI&EVIWTSXWWLSYPHFIVEOIHFEGOJMPPIHMJRIIHIHERHGSZIVIH
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WLSYPHFIVIQSZIHERHQE]FIYWIHEWEQYPGLSVWSMPWYTTPIQIRX-JXLIWSMP
FIGSQIWGSQTEGXIHXLIREIVEXMSRQE]FIRIGIWWEV]
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YR[ERXIHZIKIXEXMSR
7PSTI)QFEROQIRXERH3YXPIX7XEFMPM^EXMSR
7XEFPIWPSTIWERHIQFEROQIRXWEVIRIGIWWEV]XSIRWYVIXLEXIVSWMSRHSIWRSXEHHXS[EXIV
UYEPMX]TVSFPIQWERHXLEXIQFEROQIRXWHSRSXFVIEGL1EMRXEMRMRKELIEPXLWXERHSJ
KVEWWIWSRWPSTIWERHIQFEROQIRXWERHTVIZIRXMRKXLIKVS[RSJHIITVSSXIH
XVIIWERH
WLVYFW
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HIXIVMSVEXMSRXSIQFEROQIRXW%RMQEPFYVVS[WWLSYPHFIJMPPIHMREWWSSREWXLI]EVI
HMWGSZIVIH-RWSQIGEWIWERMQEPGSRXVSPQE]FIRIIHIHXSEZSMHI\GIWWMZIFYVVS[W
3YXPIXWXVYGXYVIWEVITEVXMGYPEVP]ZYPRIVEFPIXSYRHIVGYXXMRKERHIVSWMSR%WQEPP
TVSFPIQMJMXMWRSXGSVVIGXIHQE]UYMGOP]VIWYPXMRXLIRIIHXSVITPEGIERIRXMVI
WXVYGXYVI'SRWYPXETVSJIWWMSREPIRKMRIIVMJWMROLSPIWGVEGOMRK[IXEVIEWEVSYRHXLI
SYXPIXTMTITMTIHMWTPEGIQIRXSVVYWXMRKSJXLITMTIMWSFWIVZIH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414-3MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIESCHAPTER 14
(IFVMWERH0MXXIV'SRXVSP
6IKYPEVHIFVMWERHPMXXIVVIQSZEP[MPPVIHYGIXLIGLERGISJGPSKKMRKSYXPIXWXVYGXYVIW
TVIZIRXHEQEKIXSZIKIXEXIHEVIEWVIHYGIQSWUYMXSFVIIHMRKLEFMXEXWMQTVSZIWMXI
ETTIEVERGIERHVIHYGIGSRHMXMSRWJSVI\GIWWMZIEPKEIKVS[XL
1IGLERMGEP'SQTSRIRXW
7SQIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWLEZIQIGLERMGEPGSQTSRIRXWMRGPYHMRKZEPZIW
WPYMGIKEXIWERXMZSVXI\HIZMGIWJIRGIKEXIWPSGOWERHEGGIWWLEXGLIWXLEXVIUYMVI
TIVMSHMGQEMRXIRERGI
-RWIGX'SRXVSP
8LIWMQTPIWX[E]XSGSRXVSPMRWIGXWTEVXMGYPEVP]QSWUYMXSIWMWXSEZSMHWXEKRERX[EXIV
1SWXWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEVIHIWMKRIHXSFIHV][MXLMREWLSVXXMQIEJXIVE
VEMRIZIRX-JERMRWIGXTVSFPIQHIZIPSTWMREHIXIRXMSRFEWMRSVMRJMPXVEXMSRJEGMPMX]XLIR
XLIVIMWEQEMRXIRERGIMWWYIXLEXRIIHWXSFIGSVVIGXIH-RWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMXMIWWYGLEWVIXIRXMSRFEWMRWXLEXEVIHIWMKRIHXSLEZIETIVQERIRXTSSPSJ[EXIV
MRWIGXWQE]FIGSRXVSPPIHF]XLITVSQTXVIQSZEPSJJPSEXEFPIHIFVMWERHTIVLETWF]
MRXVSHYGMRKERHQEMRXEMRMRKEJMWLTSTYPEXMSR
%GGIWW6SEHERH%VIE1EMRXIRERGI
1SWXWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEVIHIWMKRIHXSFIEGGIWWMFPIF]LIEZ]
QEGLMRIV]JSVQEMRXIRERGIERHVITEMVW%GGIWWWLSYPHFIQEMRXEMRIHF]TIVMSHMG
VIQSZEPSJ[SSH]ZIKIXEXMSRERHYTOIITSJKVEZIPEVIEW
7IHMQIRXERH4SPPYXERX6IQSZEP
8LITVMQEV]TYVTSWISJQER]WXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWMWXLIVIQSZEPSJ
WIHMQIRXWERHRYXVMIRXW
[LMGLEVISJXIREXXEGLIHXSWIHMQIRXW
7IHMQIRX[MPPREXYVEPP]
EGGYQYPEXIMREWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWERHQYWXFITIVMSHMGEPP]VIQSZIH
8LIJVIUYIRG]SJWIHMQIRXVIQSZEP[MPPZEV][MHIP]HITIRHMRKSRXLIWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]vWX]TIERHGLEVEGXIVSJXLIGSRXVMFYXMRK[EXIVWLIH6IQSZIH
WIHMQIRXWERHTSPPYXERXWWLSYPHFITVSTIVP]HMWTSWIHSJMRERYTPERHEVIE8LI]WLSYPH
FIWXEFMPM^IH[MXLZIKIXEXMSRWSXLEXXLI]EVIRSXIVSHIHF]VEMRJEPP3RGIWIHMQIRXMW
VIQSZIHXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]WLSYPHFIUYMGOP]VIWXEFMPM^IHYWYEPP]
[MXLZIKIXEXMSR-JQEMRXIRERGISTIVEXMSRWHMWXYVFQSVIXLERWUYEVIJIIXER
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7IHMQIRXERHTSPPYXERXVIQSZEP[MPPYWYEPP]XEOILIEZ]IUYMTQIRXERHMWFI]SRHXLI
GETEFMPMXMIWSJQSWXTVSTIVX]S[RIVW[MXLSYXXLIEWWMWXERGISJETTVSTVMEXIGSRXVEGXSVW
'SQTSRIRX6ITEMVSV6ITPEGIQIRX
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RIIHXSFIVITEMVIHSVVITPEGIH'SQTSRIRXWQE]MRGPYHIMRJPS[ERHSYXJPS[HIZMGIW
XVEWLVEGOWERHERXMZSVXI\HIZMGIWZEPZIWSVMJMGIWTMTIWGSRGVIXIWXVYGXYVIWJMPXIVSV
MRJMPXVEXMSRQIHMEIEVXL[SVOWWYGLEWIQFEROQIRXWERHWMHIWPSTIW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414-4MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIESCHAPTER 14
*SPPS[MRKGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRVSYXMRIQEMRXIRERGIWLEPPFITIVJSVQIHSR
WXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEWVIUYMVIHERHEWWTIGMJMIHMRXLI1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRX
-JXLI'SYRX]FIGSQIWE[EVIXLEXEWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]LEWRSXFIIR
EHIUYEXIP]QEMRXEMRIHMWRSXJYRGXMSRMRKTVSTIVP]SVLEWFIGSQIWEHERKIVXSTYFPMGWEJIX]
TYFPMGLIEPXLSVXLIIRZMVSRQIRXXLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX][MPPFIRSXMJMIHMR[VMXMRK8LI
VIWTSRWMFPITEVX]WLEPPXLIRFIVIUYMVIHXSEHHVIWWXLIHIJMGMIRG]MWWYI[MXLMREVIEWSREFPIXMQI
EWMHIRXMJMIHMRXLI[VMXXIRRSXMGI*EMPYVIXSEHHVIWWXLIHIJMGMIRG]MWWYIQE]VIWYPXMR
IRJSVGIQIRXEGXMSRW
14.4Additional Maintenance andRepairs
8LIVSYXMRIQEMRXIRERGIMXIQWPMWXIHMRXLI1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRXEVIXLIQMRMQYQ
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VIWTSRWMFPITEVX]
14.5Inspection and Maintenance Records
8LIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]SVTVSTIVX]S[RIVWLEPPQEMRXEMRVIGSVHWSJWXSVQ[EXIV
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[LIRVIUYIWXIH
14.6References
8LI:%7;1,ERHFSSOERH&14'PIEVMRKLSYWI[IFWMXILEWMRJSVQEXMSRSR
QEMRXIRERGISJEPP:%ETTVSZIH&14W
1EMRXEMRMRK7XSVQ[EXIV7]WXIQW%+YMHIFSSOJSV4VMZEXI3[RIVWERH3TIVEXSVWMR
2SVXLIVR:MVKMRME2SVXLIVR:MVKMRME6IKMSREP'SQQMWWMSR.ERYEV]MWEKSSHVIJIVIRGI
JSVQEMRXIRERGISJTVMZEXI&14WERHXLMWHSGYQIRXMWMRGPYHIHMR%TTIRHM\&
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414-5MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES APPENDIX 14A
APPENDIX 14A
MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX&14*EGMPMXMIWz7EQTPI1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRX
1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRXWWLEPPFIWYFQMXXIHXS
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%XXSVRI]ERH'SYRX])\IGYXMZIWMKREXYVIWERHVIGSVHEXMSR
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414A-1MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES APPENDIX 14A
STORMWATER MANAGEMENTFACILITIES
MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT
Roanoke County, Virginia
THIS AGREEMENT
QEHIERHIRXIVIHMRXSXLMWCCCCCCCCHE]SJCCCCCCCCCCF]
ERHFIX[IIRLIVIMREJXIVGEPPIHXLI
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w'SYRX]x
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS
XLI0ERHS[RIVMWXLIS[RIVMRJIIWMQTPISJGIVXEMRVIEPTVSTIVX]HIWGVMFIH
SRCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEWVIGSVHIHF]HIIHMRXLIPERHVIGSVHWSJ
6SERSOI'SYRX]8E\1ET4EVGIP-HIRXMJMGEXMSR2YQFIV
6SERSOI'SYRX]:MVKMRME-RWXVYQIRX2YQFIVCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCLIVIMREJXIVGEPPIH
XLI4VSTIVX]
WHEREAS
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2EQISJ4PER(IZIPSTQIRX
LIVIMREJXIVGEPPIHXLI4PEREWETTVSZIHF]XLI'SYRX]ERH[LMGLMWI\TVIWWP]QEHIETEVX
LIVISJTVSZMHIWJSVXLIQEREKIQIRXSJWXSVQ[EXIVVYRSJJ[MXLMRXLIGSRJMRIWSJXLITVSTIVX]
ERH
WHEREAS
XLI4VSTIVX]RSXIHEFSZIGSRXEMRWWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW
7;1*W
ERHXLIMVEGGSQTER]MRKGSQTSRIRXWERHWXVYGXYVIW ERH
WHEREAS
ETPEXMHIRXMJ]MRKWYGLEVIEWMWEXXEGLIHLIVIXSJSVVIJIVIRGI ERH
WHEREAS
XLIWXSVQ[EXIVJEGMPMXMIWQEMRXIRERGIWGLIHYPIJSVWYGLEVIEWMWEXXEGLIH
LIVIXSJSVVIJIVIRGI ERH
WHEREAS
XLI0ERHS[RIVMWTVSGIIHMRKXSFYMPHSRERHHIZIPSTXLITVSTIVX] ERH
WHEREAS
XLI'SYRX]ERHXLI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWMRGPYHMRKER]
LSQIS[RIVWEWWSGMEXMSREKVIIXLEXXLILIEPXLWEJIX]ERH[IPJEVISJXLIVIWMHIRXWSJ6SERSOI
'SYRX]:MVKMRMEVIUYMVIXLEXSRWMXIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWFIGSRWXVYGXIHERH
QEMRXEMRIHSRXLI4VSTIVX] ERH
WHEREAS
XLI'SYRX]VIUYMVIWXLEXSRWMXIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEW
WLS[RSRXLI4PERFIGSRWXVYGXIHERHEHIUYEXIP]QEMRXEMRIHF]XLI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVW
ERHEWWMKRWMRGPYHMRKER]LSQIS[RIVWEWWSGMEXMSR ERH
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414A-2MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES APPENDIX 14A
WHEREAS
EQEMRXIRERGIWGLIHYPILEWFIIRMRGPYHIHSRXLITPERERHMWEXXEGLIHJSV
VIJIVIRGI[LMGLHIXEMPWXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWXSTIVTIXYEPP]QEMRXEMRXLIWXVYGXYVEPMRXIKVMX]ERHXLI
TVSTIVJYRGXMSRMRKSJXLI7;1*ERHEPPSJMXWGSQTSRIRXW
NOW, THEREFORE
MRGSRWMHIVEXMSRSJXLIJSVIKSMRKTVIQMWIWXLIQYXYEPGSZIRERXW
GSRXEMRIHLIVIMRERHXLIJSPPS[MRKXIVQWERHGSRHMXMSRWXLITEVXMIWLIVIXSEKVIIEWJSPPS[W
8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWWLEPPGSRWXVYGXXLIVIUYMVIHSRWMXI
7;1*WEXMXWWSPII\TIRWIMRWXVMGXEGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH4PERERHXLI
EWWSGMEXIHWTIGMJMGEXMSRWMHIRXMJMIHMRXLI4PEREPPEWWLS[RSR)\LMFMX
8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWWLEPPEXMXWWSPII\TIRWIQEOIWYGL
GLERKIWSVQSHMJMGEXMSRWXSXLI7;1*WEWQE]MRXLI'SYRX]vWWSPIHMWGVIXMSRFI
HIXIVQMRIHRIGIWWEV]XSMRWYVIXLEXXLI7;1*WEVITVSTIVP]QEMRXEMRIHERHEVI
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8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWMRGPYHMRKER]LSQIS[RIVWEWWSGMEXMSR
WLEPPTIVTIXYEPP]ERHEHIUYEXIP]QEMRXEMRXLI7;1*W8LMWMRGPYHIWEPPTMTIWERH
GLERRIPWFYMPXXSGSRZI]WXSVQ[EXIVXSSVJVSQXLIJEGMPMXMIWEW[IPPEWEPPWXVYGXYVIW
MQTVSZIQIRXWERHZIKIXEXMSRTVSZMHIHXSGSRXVSPXLIUYERXMX]ERHUYEPMX]SJXLI
WXSVQ[EXIV%HIUYEXIQEMRXIRERGIMWLIVIMRHIJMRIHEWXLEX[LMGLMWRIGIWWEV]XS
QEMRXEMRXLIWXVYGXYVEPMRXIKVMX]SJXLIJEGMPMXMIWERHXSMRWYVIKSSH[SVOMRKGSRHMXMSR
WSXLEXXLIJEGMPMXMIWEVITIVJSVQMRKXLIMVMRXIRHIHHIWMKRJYRGXMSRW8LI1EMRXIRERGI
7GLIHYPIMWWLS[RSR)\LMFMX
8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWWLEPPTIVMSHMGEPP]MRWTIGXXLI7;1*WEW
WLS[RSR)\LMFMX8LITYVTSWISJXLIMRWTIGXMSRMWXSEWWYVIWEJIERHTVSTIV
JYRGXMSRMRKSJXLIJEGMPMXMIW8LIMRWTIGXMSRWLEPPGSZIVXLIJEGMPMXMIWMRXLIMVIRXMVIX]
ERHEPPVIPEXIHGSQTSRIRXWMRGPYHMRKFYXRSXPMQMXIHXSFIVQWSYXPIXWXVYGXYVITSRH
EVIEWMRGSQMRKSVSYXKSMRKTMTIWSVGLERRIPWWMHIWPSTIWEGGIWWVSEHWIXG
(IJMGMIRGMIWWLEPPFIRSXIHMRXLIMRWTIGXMSRVITSVX
8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWWLEPPHSGYQIRXEPPMRWTIGXMSRW
QEMRXIRERGIEGXMZMXMIWERHVITEMVWXLEXEVITIVJSVQIHSRXLI7;1*W(SGYQIRXW
WLEPPFIQEMRXEMRIHF]XLI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWJSVEQMRMQYQ
TIVMSHSJJMZI
]IEVWERHWEMHHSGYQIRXWWLEPPFIQEHIEZEMPEFPIJSVVIZMI[F]SV
GSTMIWWLEPPFITVSZMHIHXSXLI'SYRX]YTSRVIUYIWX
8LI0ERHS[RIVMXWWYGGIWWSVWERHEWWMKRWLIVIF]KVERXXSXLI'SYRX]MXWEYXLSVM^IH
EKIRXWIQTPS]IIWERHGSRXVEGXSVWXLITIVTIXYEPVMKLXSJMRKVIWWERHIKVIWWSZIVXLI
4VSTIVX]JSVXLITYVTSWISJMRWTIGXMRKXLI7;1*WEWWLS[RSR)\LMFMX7YGL
MRWTIGXMSRWWLEPPFIGSRHYGXIHTIVMSHMGEPP]ERH[LIRIZIVXLI'SYRX]HIIQW
RIGIWWEV]7YGLMRWTIGXMSRWQE]FIGSRHYGXIHJSVEZEVMIX]SJVIEWSRWMRGPYHMRKXLI
JSPPS[MRK
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1414A-3MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES APPENDIX 14A
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF
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LANDOWNER ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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EXHIBIT 1
Plat or Plan Depicting Location of Stormwater Management Facilities
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EXHIBIT2
Stormwater Management Facilities Maintenance Schedule
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EXHIBIT3
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EXHIBIT4
Stormwater Management Facilities Inspection Schedule
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APPENDIX 14B
MAINTENANCE OF STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
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Maintaining
Stormwater Systems
Northern Virginia Regional Commission
JANUARY 2007
The Northern Virginia Regional Commission
(NVRC)
is a regional council of local governments
in Northern Virginia.
NVRC serves as a neutral forum where
representatives of the member governments can
discuss and decide how to approach problems that
cross county, city, and town boundaries.
NVRC helps member governments share information
about common problems; recognize opportunities
to save money or to be more effective by working
together; and take account of regional inÁ uences
in planning and implementing public policies and
services at the local level.
NVRC’s programs and
policies are established
by a 25-member Board
of Commissioners.
The Board is composed
of elected ofÀ cials
appointed by the
governing bodies of
NVRC’s 14 member
localities that include:
Counties
•Arlington
•Fairfax
•Loudoun
•Prince William
Cities
•Alexandria
•Fairfax
•Falls Church
•Manassas
•Manassas Park
Towns
•Dumfries
•Herndon
•Leesburg
•Purcellville
•Vienna
THIS GUIDEBOOK IS
a resource on maintaining stormwater management facilities.
However, it is not a set of rules and regulations or a manual that provides guidance on
how to design or build a stormwater management facility.
For speciÀ c information regarding regulations, contact your local government agency.
Contents
The Stormwater Story....................................................................................................2
Short History of Stormwater Management..................................................................3
Key Points to Remember When Reading this Guidebook........................................4
Stormwater Systems & Their Components..................................................................5
Extended Detention Facility - “Dry Pond”...................................................................................................6
Retention Facility - “Wet Pond”....................................................................................................................7
InÀ ltration Trench............................................................................................................................................8
Sand Filtration System - “Sand Filter”...........................................................................................................9
Bioretention Facility - “Rain Garden”.........................................................................................................10
Vegetated Swale.........................................................................................................................................11
Underground Detention..............................................................................................................................12
Vegetated Rooftop - “Green Roof”..........................................................................................................13
Permeable Paving Material........................................................................................................................14
Manufactured Best Management Practices ..........................................................................................15
Non-Structural Best Management Practices............................................................................................16
Inspecting Stormwater Systems...................................................................................17
Planning for Maintenance Costs...............................................................................19
Maintaining Stormwater Structures.............................................................................22
Tips for Lessening Maintenance Costs......................................................................28
Troubleshooting Guide...............................................................................................29
Stormwater Lingo: A Glossary of Terms....................................................................33
Stormwater System Resource Guide.........................................................................34
The Stormwater Story
;
hile Webster’s New Millennium Dictionary describes stormwater as “an abnormal
amount of surface water due to a heavy rain or snowstorm,” stormwater can be a
valuable resource if properly managed.
Rainfall and snow melt keep gardens green, streams and rivers full, and wells from running dry. However,
stormwater problems can occur when there is too much of a good thing, or when excessive pollution and
changes in land use prevent natural inÀ ltration and À ltering processes from taking place.
Stormwater Challenges
Once rain reaches the ground, what happens next
depends largely on land cover type. Rain falling
in a forest is slowed, À ltered, and absorbed as it
makes its way into the ground or to the nearest
Simple Things Residents Can Do
stream, river, or reservoir. In contrast, hard,
impervious surfaces such as roof tops and roads
There are several simple things residents can do
send stormwater rushing to the nearest ditch,
to ensure stormwater facilities function properly
culvert, storm drain, and stream.
and the downstream aquatic environment is
protected.
This stormwater picks up pollutants, such as heavy
metals, gas, oil, nutrients, and sediment, along
•Pick up after pets, always. Place their waste
the way. Uncontrolled stormwater erodes stream
in the trash or Á ush it down the toilet.
banks, causes Á ooding, and carries nutrients and
•Place motor oil, paint and antifreeze in
sediment downstream. An excess of nutrients
separate sturdy containers and recycle them
contributes to the expansion of oxygen-depleted
at a local disposal facility.
“dead zones” in local waterways, the Potomac
Never pour them down the storm drain.
River, and the Chesapeake Bay.
•Compost yard waste or bag it for municipal
Stormwater Solutions
collection.
To improve the quality and reduce the quantity •Recycle or put litter in the trash.
of stormwater runoff, before it enters natural •Fertilize in the fall, if at all, to reduce algal
blooms.
waterways, stormwater Best Management
Practices, or BMPs, are prevalent throughout •Call 9-1-1 if there is a visible oil spill or other
Northern Virginia’s residential and commercial liquid spill into a waterway.
areas.
BMPs range from structural facilities, such as
ponds, bioretention areas, and underground
vaults to non-structural practices, such as street-
sweeping and educational efforts.
2
The Stormwater Story
3
ver time, the approaches to managing stormwater have adapted to a variety of different challenges.
The techniques used to control stormwater evolved from ditches and pipes that remove water quickly
and reduce Á ooding to an intricate system of practices that retain water and improve its quality.
Short History of Stormwater “Solutions”
Pre-1900s - Run It All in DitchesLate-1980s - Oh, and Don’t Pollute Either
Everything (stormwater, kitchen waste, Best Management Practices or ways to
wastewater) drained to the nearest stream.improve the quality of stormwater runoff were
implemented. However, the lack of good data
onBMP efÀ ciency or comprehensive monitoring
Early-1900s - Run It All in Pipes
programs were problematic.
All waste efÀ ciently got to the stream through
the same pipe. But, downstream neighbors
Early-1990s - It’s the Ecology
became ill due to upstream-generated waste.
It was then recognized that sewage and Use of biological criteria and bioassessment
stormwater require different levels of water protocols became a common parameter
quality treatment.for determining the type of stormwater
management practice. But there were still
questions about which parameters actually
From 1940s - Run It in Separate Stormwater Pipes
contribute to solutions to runoff problems.
A system of catch basins and pipes was
developed to get stormwater to the nearest
Late-1990s - Water is Water is Watershed
stream.
Planning was conducted according to where the
waterÁ ows, a watershed approach. However,
Early-1970s - Keep It From Stormwater Pipes
people didn’t relate to watersheds, and the
Stormwater was detained in ponds. This
watershed approach may be too large in scale
approach worked in theory but not in practice,
to have an impact at the site level or to be
as too many detention ponds releasing water
meaningful to residents, which is where political
at a controlled rate at the same time caused
change begins.
downstreamÁ ooding and an increase in the
frequency and duration of runoff events.
Present - Green and Bear It
A range of approaches is considered to address
1970-80s - Well, Just Don’t Cause Flooding
basic issues and institutional practices associated
Stormwater Master Plans were developed.
with the way in which land is used or developed:
However, very few plans were actually
green infrastructure, conservation development,
completed as designed, and stormwater runoff
low impact development (LID), better site
was identiÀ ed as a major pollution source.
design, etc. This paradigm returns to small-
scale distributed approaches that will succeed if
supported and enforced by local governments.
Adapted from Land and Water, May-June 2004, Andy Reese of Amec Earth and Environmental
Future
- A Vision of Comprehensive Stormwater Management
Mimicking pre-development runoff characteristics will become increasingly important as regulations
continue to encourage using watershed planning for expanded nutrient control and streambank
preservation. Monitoring the effectiveness of green technologies at improving the quality and decreasing
the quantity of stormwater runoff leads to improved designs and performance criteria. Stormwater is
viewed as a resource as opposed to a waste product.
3
Key Points to Remember When Reading this Guidebook
%
thorough inspection and maintenance program for any stormwater management facility will save
time and money in the long term.
Understand how the facility works and its speciÀ c maintenance needs.
Identify Facility
While this Guidebook includes general information on the maintenance
Characteristics and
needs of common stormwater management facilities, valuable
Maintenance Needs
information may also be gained by consulting with the local government.
If there is a stormwater management facility maintenance agreement
Check the
with the local government, consult it often to ensure that speciÀ c
Maintenance
Agreement
obligations are met.
The frequency of required inspections may be found in the maintenance
agreement, the technical guide provided by the manufacturer, or on the
Perform Routine
facility’s design speciÀ cations. In some local jurisdictions, all inspections
Inspections
are conducted by staff, while maintenance is typically the responsibility of
the owner.
DeÀ ning maintenance tasks and who will undertake these tasks - along
DeÀ ne Maintenance
with establishing a regular inspection program - is the core of a successful
Tasks, Personnel, and
Equipment
stormwater management facility maintenance program.
While routine maintenance costs can typically be predicted for an annual
budget, some maintenance tasks will require infrequent but considerable
Identify Costs and
Allocate Resources
expense. Non-routine expenses need to be identiÀ ed, and a long-term
fund allocation plan needs to be developed.
Pollution treated by the stormwater management facility may be
generated from surrounding yards, streets, and businesses. Implementing
Involve the
a pollution prevention program and educating neighbors on the purpose
Community, if possible
of the stormwater management facility is a cost-effective way to prolong
its life and to protect water quality.
Establishing a record keeping procedure will help to deÀ ne chronic
maintenance problems and aid in future budget preparation. A periodic
Establish a Record
Keeping Procedure
examination of maintenance practices will assist in identifying persistent
problems early.
4
Identify Facilities and Maintenance Needs
8
here are many types of stormwater management facilities, which are introduced over
pages 5 through 16. Taking a moment to understand what kind of stormwater management
facility you have and how it works, will help you to better plan for its maintenance needs.
If you do not recognize any of these facilities, call your local government.
InÀ ltration Trench
Dry Pond
Wet Pond
Sand Filter
Bioretention FacilityVegetated Swale
Underground Detention
Vegetated RooftopPermeable Paving Material
Manufactured BMP System
Non-Structural BMP
5
Extended Detention Basin - “Dry Pond”
(
ry ponds retain water for a speciÀ ed period of time (usually 48 hours) after a storm.
Water is impounded temporarily to allow many of the pollutants time to settle to the
bottom. The impounded water is discharged through an outlet that provides for prolonged
release.
Dry ponds are the most common stormwater management
facilities in Northern Virginia. Most do not contain a
permanent pool of water and no water should remain if it
is functioning properly.
Consult a local government representative to determine
whether standing water is by design or a sign that
Dry ponds are commonly found in residential and
maintenance is required.
commercial areas throughout Northern Virginia.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Standing water is visible in inappropriate areas 72
hours after a rain event.
•Insects and/or odor become problems.
•Wetland vegetation emerges (unless the facility
is speciÀ cally designed with a marsh or wetland
area).
•There is visible damage to the embankment (such
as sinkholes) or to the mechanical components.
Extended detention wetland basins, or
•Animal burrows or trees present on embankment
two-stage detention ponds, incorporate
or near riser.
a shallow marsh or wetland to increase
•LowÁ ow oriÀ ce, forebay, or concrete trickle
pollutant removal.
ditches blocked by trash, debris, or sediment.
6
Retention Basin - “Wet Pond”
;
et ponds are designed to contain a permanent pool of water much like a lake.
Stormwater runoff is temporarily stored above the permanent pool and released at a
controlled rate. The release is regulated by an outlet similar to that employed in a dry pond.
The advantages of a wet pond over a dry pond are higher pollutant removal and less chance that pollutants
will be resuspended during a storm. However, wet ponds also pose a higher safety liability than other
stormwater management facilities, since they are permanently À lled with water.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•There are visible signs of sediment
accumulation.
•Insects and/or odor become problems.
•Algae blooms occur in the summer months
or the ponded areas become dominated by a
single aquatic plant.
•There is visible damage to the embankment
or to the mechanical components.
•There are visible seeps on the downstream
dam face.
•Woody vegetation is growing on the dam.
Wet ponds and their surrounding vegetated
buffers may also serve as an aesthetic or
•Beavers are present in the plunge pool.
recreational amenity, as well as habitat for
some wildlife.
NOTE:If your wet pond is protected by
perimeter fencing, periodic inspections of its
integrity should be conducted.
7
InÀ ltration Trench
-
nÀ ltration trenches are gravel-À lled excavations that temporarily store stormwater and allow
it to sink into the underlying soil.
InÀ ltration trenches are classiÀ ed in two
ways:
In dispersed input facilities, runoff from
impervious surfaces is directed over a
gently sloping grass area before it reaches
the facility, to remove large particles that
otherwise might cause clogging.
In concentrated input facilities, runoff is
transferred to the trench directly from curb
inlets, gutters, and pipes.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Standing water is visible in the observation
well 48 hours after a rain event.
•Insects and/or odor become problems.
•Wetland vegetation emerges.
•There is visible damage to the embankment
(such as sinkholes) or to the mechanical
components.
•Trash, leaves, and other debris are visible on
the gravel surface.
The purpose of an inÀ ltration trench is to
•Runoff Á ows across, rather than into, the
retain water.
facility.
8
Sand Filtration System - “Sand Filter”
7
andÀ ltration systems are used to treat runoff from highly impervious settings (commercial/ofÀ ce
complexes and high density residential areas). To save space, sand À lters are usually constructed
inside a concrete shell and placed underground.
SandÀ lters consist of a series of chambers that remove heavy sediment, Á oatable debris, and oil, before
slowlyÀ ltering stormwater through a layer of sand (and sometimes a sand/peat mix) where additional
pollutants are removed when they become trapped between sand particles and other À lter media. In some
À lters, microbes help remove metal and nutrient pollutants through biochemical conversion.
From the surface, some sand
À lters look like a series of
manholes.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•The facility has reached its capacity for
sediment accumulation, see the device’s
owners manual for speciÀ c amounts.
•Standing water is noticeable in the
sediment and/or À lter chambers.
SandÀ lters are commonly used in areas
•Excessive amounts of oil and trash are
where stormwater runoff has a high
visible in the sediment chamber.
concentration of oil and grease.
•Regular maintenance time interval has
passed.
9
Bioretention Facility - “Rain Garden”
&
ioretention facilities, or “rain gardens” are vegetated basins designed to mimic the
conditions found in a mature forest Á oor. ConÀ gured to act as a sink and underlain with
speciÀ c layers of soil, sand, and organic mulch, runoff is trapped and treated by vegetation and
microbes.
The facility is planted with speciÀ c types of vegetation that can withstand both wet and dry weather
extremes. Reference information for the Plants for Bioretention Basins list prepared by Fairfax County, may
be found in the Stormwater Resources Guide on page 34.
In areas where the local soils
do not support inÀ ltration, a
bioretention facility may be
underlain with layers of sand
or gravel and an underdrain
that carries treated water to
the storm drain network.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Standing water is visible in the basin 72 hours
after a rain event.
•Insects and/or odor become problems.
•Vegetation is wilting, discolored, or dying.
•Erosion is visible within the basin, on the
berms, or on the slopes.
•Settling has occurred along the berm, if
present.
•The overÁ ow riser or grate is covered by debris.
Bioretention facilities intercept stormwater
runoff and use plants and soil layers to
remove pollutants.
10
Vegetated Swale
:
egetated swales may be seen along many of Virginia’s roadways, although they are not
always designed to treat stormwater.
Typically, vegetated swales are concave, earthen conveyance systems designed to simply transfer runoff.
Today they are constructed to serve a water quality purpose, trapping particulate matter in the vegetative
groundcover and allowing stormwater to soak into the soil.
Vegetated swales serve a water quality
purpose by trapping particulate matter in
the vegetative groundcover.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Vegetation is bare in spots or appears
unstable.
•SigniÀ cant sediment has accumulated
behind check dams*, if present.
•Erosion is visible in the bottom of the
swale.
•Trash, grass clippings, leafy, and/or
woody debris have accumulated.
Vegetated swales are often
•Standing water is visible after 48 hours.
located along roadways,
parking lots, and other
*check dams are small berms built across a facility to slow
impervious areas.
water and create small areas of ponding.
11
Underground Detention
9
nderground detention consists of large underground pipes that provide storage and water
quantity control through detention and/or extended detention of stormwater runoff.
Underground detention is often used in space-
limited areas, such as parking lots, roadways,
and paved areas in commercial, industrial, or
residential developments, where adequate
land for a surface BMP facility is not
available.
Subsurface detention facilities are commonly
associated with other manufactured
pretreatment facilities to improve water
quality before the stormwater is released into
natural waters. For more information about
manufactured BMPs, see page 17.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•SigniÀ cant amounts of trash and/or sediment
has accumulated in the vaults or tanks.
•There is visible damage to the inlets or
outlets.
Trash and sediment can quickly accumulate
in underground detention facilities,
requiring frequent clean outs, by
professionals.
NOTE:
Since underground detention systems are enclosed subsurface structures, they are
considered conÀ ned spaces and have speciÀ c safety requirements by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) that should be heeded when inspecting or maintaining your system.
12
Vegetated Rooftop - “Green Roof”
;
hile vegetated rooftops, commonly known as “green roofs” have been used extensively
in Europe for centuries, they are becoming popular stormwater management tools in
urban areas throughout the United States.
Green roofs intercept stormwater and slow its Á ow off of rooftops. In addition to reducing
the amount of stormwater runoff and improving its quality, green roofs also reduce the
effect of city “heat islands” and provide micro-habitats for birds and insects.
Green roofs are classiÀ ed as extensive or intensive, based on the depth of the growing
medium and the types of vegetation and amenities in the design.
Extensive green roofs employ succulent
low-growing plant species, such as sedums.
MAINTENANCE IS
REQUIRED WHEN:
•Leaks occur.
•Unwanted
vegetation
appears
•Vegetation
shows signs of
stress.
Intensive green roofs, applied on sturdier
rooÀ ng systems, can accommodate paths,
perennial plants, and other amenities.
NOTE: A detailed structural analysis of the existing building is required to ensure it can adequately
support the weight of a vegetated rooftop, before one can be constructed.
13
Permeable Paving Material
4
ermeable paving materials consist of bricks, gravel, or other permeable materials that
provide structure and stability yet allow water to inÀ ltrate through to the ground’s
surface. They can be used in place of traditional asphalt in parking areas, sidewalks, and low
trafÀ c vehicular corridors.
Permeable paving materials appear in a variety of different forms. Brick pavers are commonly used in
parking lots and other areas that may receive frequent use. Whereas paving systems that are cellular in
nature and allow for vegetation to grow through them are commonly used in place of traditional concrete or
asphalt, in low trafÀ c areas.
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Puddling or ponding water is visible on the surface
48 hours after a rain event.
•SigniÀ cant amounts of sediment have accumulated
between the pavers.
Permeable paving materials are often used
along streets, driveways, parking lots,
sidewalks, paths, and other low trafÀ c
volume areas.
14
Manufactured BMP System
*
rom the ground’s surface, most manufactured BMPs look like inconspicuous manholes.
However underneath is a single or series of vaults and chambers designed to remove
common stormwater pollutants, such as sediment, oil, trash, and grit.
Manufactured BMP facilities use gravitational, hydrodynamic, absorption, biochemical, and/or À lter
techniques to remove pollutants.
They are regularly used in urban and ultra-urban areas for water quality enhancement, where space
for large facilities, such as wet ponds, is not available. Since they are often the same size as a typical
stormwater inlet, manufactured BMPs are a common retroÀ t option.
Manufactured BMPs are
used solely for water
quality enhancement
in areas where space
for surface BMPs is not
available.
TM
left: Stormceptor
TM
right: Filterra
MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED WHEN:
•Sediment accumulation in the sediment
chamber is over the manufacturer’s
Examples of Manufactured BMP Systems:
recommended depth.
•Floating oil layer has reached an
•Aqua-Swirl
TM
appreciable volume.
•BaySaver
TM
•Obstructions from trash or debris are
•Downstream Defender
TM
visible in the inlet or outlet (vent).
•Filtrexx SiltSoxx
TM
•Stormceptor
TM
NOTE: Consult the BMP’s manufacturer or
•StormFilter
TM
the operations manual.
•Vortechs
TM
For a comprehensive list and comparison of manufactured BMPs, visit:
www.epa.gov/region01/assistance/ceitts/stormwater/techs.html
15
Non-Structural Best Management Practices
2
n-structural BMPs do not have a physical structure and are designed to eliminate or
o
limit the amount of pollutants entering the stormwater system from the surrounding
environment.
Non-structural BMPs involve educational efforts, management strategies, and planning alternatives and are
often associated with the way land is used and managed. Limiting the frequency of fertilizer applications
and reaching out to the community about how to reduce their contributions to stormwater pollution are just
two examples that may be considered as non-structural BMPs.
Implementing these practices can have a long-lasting effect on the health of the local environment and can
signiÀ cantly reduce maintenance costs for structural BMPs.
Examples of Non-Structural BMPs
•Trash Pick-Ups
•Storm Drain Marking
•Educational or Informative Articles
•Biological Stream Monitoring
•Tree Plantings
•Street Sweeping
•Lawn and Garden Management Workshops
•Invasive Plant Removals
•Carwashing Stations
Conduct tours of gardens that are not only
aesthetically pleasing, but also improve the
local environment and water quality.
Erect disposal stations, with bags and a Host workshops on proper lawn care and
trash can, encourages the proper disposal gardening techniques to help reduce the
of dog waste and reduces the amount of amount of fertilizer and excess nutrients
bacteria entering nearby waterways.from entering the stormwater facility.
16
Inspecting Stormwater Structures
;
e are all responsible for protecting water quality. Routinely inspecting the stormwater
management facility and detecting issues early are the À rst line of defense to ensure the
facility is operating optimally and avoid long term problems.
Who is Responsible for Inspections and Developing an Inspection Strategy
Maintenance?
Depending on the speciÀ c stormwater facility,
Many Northern Virginia local governments will
inspection requirements vary from jurisdiction to
maintain stormwater management facilities
jurisdiction.
in residential areas under speciÀ c conditions.
However, if a community or business is subject to
Some sand À ltration systems require monthly or
aBMP maintenance agreement, that community
seasonal inspections while other BMPs can be
or business is responsible for the maintenance of
inspected on an annual basis. Some localities
theirBMP.
conduct inspections of all facilities, while others
require that the responsible party arrange for an
It is important to check the maintenance
inspection and send the results to the jurisdiction
agreement to identify speciÀ c legal obligations.
inspection manager for conÀ rmation. The local
In the event that the maintenance agreement is
government should be contacted to determine
unable to be located, consult a local government
speciÀ c requirements and for assistance in
contact to determine who is responsible for
selecting a qualiÀ ed inspector.
conducting inspections and/or maintenance. Ask
local government staff about the conditions of
It is unlikely that a lawn care or landscaping
this agreement. Contacts can be found in the
company has the knowledge or experience
Stormwater Resource Guide on page 34.
to perform a proper, comprehensive BMP
inspection. A professional (engineer, landscape
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perform inspections. Since there is no “BMP
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inspection” listing in the telephone book, call a
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17
Sample Self Inspection Checklist
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITYOTHER INSPECTION ITEMS
Yes No N/AYes No N/A
Does the facility show signs of settling, cracking, bulging, Is there evidence of encroachments or improper use of
misalignment, or other structural deterioration?impounded areas?
Yes No N/A
Yes No N/A
Do embankments, emergency spillways, side slopes, or
Are there signs of vandalism?
inlet/outlet structures show signs of excessive erosion or
Yes No N/A
slumping?
Do the fence, gate, lock, or other safety devices need
Yes No N/A
repair?
Is the outlet pipe damaged or otherwise not functioning
properly?
Yes No N/A
Is there excessive algae growth, or has one type of
Yes No N/A
vegetation taken over the facility?
Do impoundment and inlet areas show erosion, low spots,
or lack of stabilization?
Yes No N/A
Is there evidence of oil, grease, or other automotive Á uids
Yes No N/A
entering and clogging the facility?
Are trees or saplings present on the embankment?
Yes No N/A
Yes No N/A
In rain gardens, is there evidence of soil erosion, does mulch
Are animal burrows present?
cover the entire area, are speciÀ ed number and types of
plants still in place, or is there evidence of disease or plant
Yes No N/A
stress from inadequate or too much watering?
Are contributing areas unstabilized with evidence of
erosion?
OTHER OBSERVATIONS
Yes No N/A
Do grassed areas require mowing and/or are clippings
_____________________________________________
building up?
WORKING CONDITIONS_____________________________________________
Yes No N/A
_______________________________________________________
Does the depth of sediment or other factors suggest a loss
of storage volume?
_____________________________________________
Yes No N/A
A yes answer to any of these items should
result in corrective action or a call to a
Is there standing water in inappropriate areas, such as on
professional inspector.
À lters or cartridges after a dry period?
Yes No N/A
Is there an accumulation of Á oating debris and/or trash?
NOTE:
The intent of the checklist is to provide a general sense of the areas of concern and issues
that should be considered when inspecting a stormwater facility. A local government contact may
provide a more comprehensive checklist for a speciÀ c type of facility.
18
Planning for BMP Maintenance Costs
6
outine maintenance costs can usually be predicted for an annual budget and may range from
four percent of original capital construction costs per year for a dry pond to nine percent of
original capital costs per year for an inÀ ltration trench.
A general rule of thumb is that annual maintenance costs may run from $100 per acre for minor maintenance,
such as mowing, to $500 per acre for more intensive maintenance including weed control, debris removal,
etc.
Non-routine maintenance costs, however, can be substantial over the long run, especially when considering
the possibility of eventual BMP replacement. To lessen the immediate À nancial impact of non-routine costs,
it is advised that a BMP maintenance fund, with annual contributions, be established.
As an example, for dry ponds, which need to
have sediment removed once every two to
Sediment Removal Facility Life
Type of BMP
ten years, ten to 50 percent of anticipated
FrequencySpan*
dredging costs should be collected annually.
Wet Pond5 to 15 years20 to 50 years
In addition, the average dry pond has a life
expectancy of 20 to 50 years. A separate fund
Dry Pond2 to 10 years20 to 50 years
that collects two to À ve percent a year should
be established for replacement. Anticipated
InÀ ltration TrenchMonthly or as needed10 years
interest may be used to offset the effects of
inÁ ation.
Every 6 months or as
Sand Filter20 to 50 years
required
Bioretention
5 to 10 years10 to 25 years
Estimating and Planning for
System
Non-routine Costs for BMPs
Vegetated SwaleAs needed10 to 25 years
Costs for non-routine maintenance
Underground
Annually or as needed10 to 30 years
of BMPs are highly speciÀ c and will
Detention
vary depending upon:
Vegetated
Every 5 years25 years
•the type, size, and depth of the
Rooftop
facility;
Permeable Paving
3 to 4 times per year25 years
•the volume of the sediment
Materials
trapped in the BMP;
ManufacturedAnnually or as
20 to 100 years
•the accessibility of the BMP; and
BMPrequired
•whether or not on-site disposal
*Assumes the facility is maintained on a regular basis.
of the sediment is possible.
19
Planning for BMP Maintenance Costs
Wet and Dry Pond Sediment Removal
The technique used to remove sediment from a wet or dry pond is very site-speciÀ c. The information
below provides an estimate of costs associated with the dredging process.
•Mobilization and Demobilization of Machinery
Associated Costs: $1,000 to $10,000
Large wet ponds or regional facilities will often require a waterborne operation during which an excavator
or a crane must be mounted to a Á oating barge and moved into position. For smaller ponds, larger
ponds that can be drained or dredged from the shore, and extended detention basins, a perimeter or dry
operation will usually sufÀ ce. In this case, a backhoe, truck equipment, or crane may be used to scoop
out the sediment. Additional costs for the construction and restoration of access roads for trucks and
heavy equipment may be accrued.
•Dredging
Associated Costs: $10 per cubic yard to $20 per cubic yard
The cost of dredging a BMP depends on the volume of sediment removed. The cost (expressed by cubic
yard) is largely inÁ uenced by the depth of the water and the distance between the excavation area and
the “staging area” where sediment is transferred to trucks for removal. Another consideration is whether
equipment can easily access the BMP bottom. The following equation can be used to estimate the volume
of sediment in cubic yards.
Equation to Estimate the Volume of Sediment in a BMP (in cubic yards)
surface area ______ (acres)depth of sediment ______ (feet)43,560______ cubic feet
x x =
cubic feet ______27
/ = ______ cubic yards
•Disposal
Associated Costs: $5 per cubic yard - on-site to $47 per cubic yard - off-site
The primary determinant of disposal costs is whether on-site disposal is an option. If on-site disposal
is not available, then locating a landÀ ll or large area to apply the spoils, such as a farm may prove
challenging and transportation costs may increase considerably. Dredged materials will require special
disposal if found to contain hazardous materials.
Additional costs that vary per jurisdiction, should be considered for permitting fees, grading plans, and
erosion and sediment controls.
Adding the likely costs of the sediment removal components establishes a range in which an owner can
expect to pay for sediment/pollutant removal. For a facility with a small surface area (0.25 acres) overall
costs can range from $4,000 to $10,000+. For a large facility (10 acres) overall costs can range from
$170,000 to $550,000+.
20
Planning for BMP Maintenance Costs
MaintenanceAnnual Associated Cost
Vegetated Facilities
Removal of sediments and replacement of
Bioretentionsome level of soil is required periodically.Between $1,500 and $2,000, depending
FacilityMulch should be replaced annually, or as upon the size and complexity of the facility.
needed.
Repair leaks, as necessary. Replenish Between $500 and $7000, depending upon
Vegetatedsoil and plants, annually. If drought is a the size of the facility and the amount
Rooftopconcern, installing an irrigation system or of soil/planting area that needs to be
supplemental watering will be necessary.replenished.
If located on a highway right-of-way,
Remove sediments, replace check dams maintenance may be covered through
(usually made of earth, riprap, or wood), state maintenance. Call the Virginia
Vegetated Swale
reseed or sod (if grassed) or replace dead Department of Transportation at 703-383-
plants, every two years.VDOT to À nd out if the swale is on state
property.
InÀ ltration Facilities
Remove the top six to 12 inches of gravel
Between $1,500 and $2,000, depending on
InÀ ltration Trenchand to replace the À lter cloth sediment
the size of the facility.
barrier.
Permeable Paving Vacuum sediments from surface, twice a Between $500 and $1,000, depending on
Materialyear.the size of the facility.
Underground Facilities
Remove the top À lter cloth and remove/
replace the À lter gravel, when a semi-
annual inspection reveals that it is Between $3,000 to $10,000, depending on
Sand Filternecessary. Pump and reÀ ll the carbon trap the type and size of the sand À lter and the
every six months. Remove and replace amount of impervious surface draining to it.
theÀ lter cloth and gravel every three to
À ve years.
UndergroundVacuum accumulated sediment and Between $1,000 and $1,500 depending on
Detentiondebris, twice a year.the size and complexity of the facility.
$500+, depending on the type, size, and
ManufacturedVacuum accumulated sediment, oil, and location of the facility and the amount
BMPdebris, every six months, or as required.of sediment, oil, and debris that has
accumulated.
If an oil sheen is present in the facility, it should be removed by a qualiÀ ed oil recycler, which increases
costs. Other expenses, such as removal of trash and hydrocarbons from water traps may also be required.
The owner should consult a local government representative to
determine an appropriate funding level.
Removing sediment from stormwater facilities can be a
considerable expense. Look for opportunities to reduce the
amount of sediment entering the pond from the surrounding
drainage area.
21
Maintaining Stormwater Structures
%
consistent maintenance program is the best way to ensure that a stormwater structure will
continue to perform its water quality functions. Actual maintenance needs will obviously
vary according to the speciÀ c facility and site conditions.
Factors Affecting the Type and Frequency of Maintenance Required
Visibility of the Facility/Aesthetics
The needs and preferences of the surrounding community will determine to a large extent the
amount of maintenance required for aesthetic purposes.
Landscaping
Maintenance needs will vary considerably depending upon the types of vegetation used in
landscaping. Rain gardens, dry ponds, and vegetated rooftops in particular will require special
attention to vegetation management.
Upstream Conditions
The condition of the surrounding watershed will signiÀ cantly
impact the amount of sediment and other pollutants the facility
must manage. For example, erosion problems and high trafÀ c
areas upstream can dramatically increase the amount of sediment
accumulation.
Safety
SinceBMPs often involve the storage or impoundment of water, the
safety of nearby residents or customers must be considered. This
includes maintaining appropriate fencing and signs. ConÀ ned space
training is required before entering underground facilities.
Need for Professional Judgement
BMPs are water treatment facilities. While some maintenance can
be conducted by a non-professional, the advice of a professional
Signs increase awareness of
should be consulted regularly.
stormwater and explain the
beneÀ ts of the BMP.
Financing
The costs associated with non-routine BMP maintenance tasks can
be considerable. A fund should be established to provide for the costs of long-term maintenance
needs such as sediment removal.
22
Maintaining Stormwater Structures
6
outine maintenance will keep a BMP functioning properly and will pay off in the long run by preventing
unneccesary repairs. Preventing pollutants from reaching the BMP will result in lower maintenance
costs and cleaner water.
Common Routine Maintenance Needs for Most BMPs
EmbankmentMechanical
RegularVegetationDebris & Litter
& Outlet Components
InspectionsManagementControl
StabilizationMaintenance
Sediment/
AccessOverall Pond Components
Insect ControlPollutant
MaintenanceMaintenanceReplacement
Removal
Regular Inspections•Stabilize Eroded Areas or Bare Spots. Bare
spots should be vigorously raked, backÀ lled if
Local governments require a speciÀ c schedule
needed, covered with top soil, and seeded.
of inspections for a BMP. In many instances, an
•Unwanted Vegetation. Some vegetation
annual or semi-annual inspection, depending on
is destructive to a BMP. Keeping dams and
the facility, is required. It will also be necessary
bottom areas free of deep-rooted vegetation is
to conduct an inspection after a large storm event
critical as roots may destabilize the structure.
during which the BMP’s capacity was surpassed.
Consistent mowing and monitoring will control
any unwanted vegetation.
SomeBMPs, such as sand À lters, may require more
•No Mow Zones. For wet ponds, a ten foot
frequent inspections. Additional information on
vegetated buffer, around the perimeter of the
who needs to carry out inspections is provided
facility (exclusive of the dam embankment)
underInspecting Stormwater Structures on page
may be established to À lter pollutants from
17.
adjacent properties and to help prevent
shoreline erosion.
Vegetation Management
MostBMPs rely on vegetation to À lter sediment
Embankment and Outlet Stabilization
from stormwater before it reaches the BMP.
A stable embankment is important to ensure
Vegetation also serves to prevent erosion of the
that erosion does not contribute to water quality
banks and stabilize the bottom of the facility.
problems and that embankments are not breached
While turf grass is the most common groundcover,
- resulting in downstream Á ooding. Maintaining
manyBMPs are being retroÀ tted or designed with
a healthy vegetative cover and preventing the
woody vegetation and wetland plants to increase
growth of deep-rooted (woody) vegetation on
pollutant removal.
embankment areas is an important component to
stabilization.
•Mowing. Most grass is hardiest if it is
maintained as an upland meadow, therefore
Animal burrows will also deteriorate the structural
mow no shorter than six to eight inches. Grass
integrity of an embankment. Muskrats and
on embankments should be cut at least twice
groundhogs in particular will burrow tunnels up to
during the growing seasons and once during
six inches in diameter. Efforts should be made to
the summer.
control excessive animal burrowing and existing
•Pest and Weed Control. To reduce the
burrows should be À lled as soon as possible.
amount of pollutants reaching the BMP, avoid
Outlet structures are particularly prone to
overfertilization and excessive pesticide use.
undercutting and erosion. Unchecked, a small
•Removing Sediment Build-Up. Since the
problem can easily result in the need to replace
vegetation surrounding the BMP is designed
the entire structure. A professional engineer
to trap sediment, it is likely to become laden
should be consulted if
with sediment.
23
Maintaining Stormwater Structures
sink holes, cracking, wet areas around the outlet The development of a mosquito problem,
pipe, displacement, or rusting of the pipe are particularly in dry ponds, inÀ ltration trenches, and
observed.rain gardens, is usually an early indication that
there is a maintenance problem, such as clogging.
Debris and Litter Control
In such cases, the inÀ ltration capacity of the BMP
Regular removal of debris and litter can be
needs to be increased or sediment needs to be
expected to help in the following areas:
removed.
•reduce the chance of clogging outlet
structures and trash racks;
Access Maintenance
•prevent damage to vegetated structures;
MostBMPs are designed so that heavy equipment
•reduce mosquito breeding habitats;
can safely and easily reach the facility for non-
•maintain facility appearance; and,
routine maintenance. Routine maintenance of
•reduce conditions for excessive algal growth.
access areas is particularly important since one
never knows when emergency access will be
Special attention should be given to the removal
needed. Maintenance includes removal of woody
ofÁ oating debris which can clog inlets, outlets,
vegetation, upkeep of gravel areas, fences, and
and low-Á ow oriÀ ces. If trash or dumping is
locks.
particularly problematic, outreach to the local
Overall Pond Maintenance
community can help (see Involving the Whole
An often overlooked aspect of maintenance,
Community, page 27).
especially for wet ponds, is the need to ensure a
Mechanical Components Maintenance
healthy aquatic ecosystem. A healthy ecosystem
SomeBMPs have mechanical components that
should require little maintenance. An indicator
need periodic attention - valves, sluice gates,
of an unhealthy system is excessive algal growth
pumps,anti-vortex devices, fence gates, locks,
or the proliferation of a single species of plant
and access hatches should be functional at all
in the permanent pool of a wet pond. This may
times. This type of routine maintenance is best
be caused by excess nutrients from fertilization
left to a professional.
practices (of a landscape company or surrounding
neighbors), or by excess sediment.
Insect Control
A healthy ecosystems actually promotes biological
Steps should be taken to reduce excess nutrients
controls of mosquitoes. However, mosquito and
at their source and to encourage the growth of
other insect breeding grounds can be created by
native aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation in and
standing water. Though perceived as a signiÀ cant
around the permanent pool. The Department of
nuisance, mosquitoes are not as big a problem as
Game and Inland Fisheries can provide additional
is often thought, and there are ways to address
information on overall pond maintenance
the issue.
practices (see BMP Resource Guide, page 34).
The best technique is to ensure that stagnant
pools of water do not develop. For BMPs that
have a permanent pool of water, this means the
prompt removal of Á oatable debris. It may also
be possible in larger wet ponds to stock À sh that
feed on mosquito larvae. The Department of
Game and Inland Fisheries can provide additional
information on this management option (see BMP
Resource Guide, page 34).
24
Maintaining Stormwater Structures
8
he non-routine maintenance of a BMP, while infrequent, can be a major undertaking and should always
be performed by a professional. While tasks will vary by facility, they typically include sediment/
pollutant removal and replacement of the facility’s structural components.
Sediment/Pollutant Removal
Since the primary purpose of a BMP is to remove sediment and other pollutants (which are usually
attached to sediment) from stormwater, sediment will accumulate in a BMP and need to be removed.
Facilities vary dramatically so there are no universal “rules of thumb” to guide responsible parties in
sediment removal requirements.
For instance, dry ponds should be cleared of sediment once a signiÀ cant portion of the BMP volume
(25-50 percent) has been À lled. For wet ponds, a minimum water depth of approximately three feet is
desirable.
Sediment and pollutants will need to be discarded. The best solution is to have an onsite area or a site
adjacent to the facility (outside a Á oodplain) set aside for sediment. When sediment is stored near the
facility, it is important to adhere to Virginia’s Erosion and Sediment Control requirements for stabilization
to protect the stockpile against erosion. If on-site disposal is not an option, transportation and landÀ ll
tipping fees can greatly increase sediment removal costs. Once the sediment is removed, the facility
should be quickly restabilized, either through revegetation or, in the case of a sand À lter, replacement of
sand and other À lter media.
Finally, wet sediment is more difÀ cult and expensive to remove than dry sediment. In some cases, the
entire facility can be drained and allowed to dry so that heavy equipment can remove sediment from
the bottom. In other cases, it may be necessary to remove sediment from the shoreline or by hydraulic
dredging from the surface. A permit may be required for removal and proper disposal of sediment.
Contact your local government for assistance.
Stormwater Management Facility Component Replacement
Eventually, like most infrastructure, actual facility components will need to be replaced. Components
may include:
•inÁ ow and outÁ ow pipes;
•trash racks and anti-vortex devices;
•valves, oriÀ ces, and aerators;
•concrete structures (such as the casing for a sand À lter, or riser structures in ponds);
•pumps and switches;
•manhole covers and access hatches*;
•earthworks (such as embankments and side slopes); and,
•mulch and vegetation.
While most stormwater management facilities may last up to 100 years with proper maintenance, a
community or business should plan long in advance for replacing these facilities.
*ManyBMPs are located in parking lots. When the parking lot is repaved, ensure that the access areas are not
covered.
25
Who Should Carry Out Maintenance
-
n determining who should carry out maintenance activities, safety, cost, and effectiveness need to be
balanced. Some activities can be undertaken effectively by a facility owner. Some examples of tasks
that are appropriate for a facility owner may include landscaping and revegetating bare areas, education,
and litter removal.
While engaging a community or business in routine maintenance is a great way to educate people about the
facility’s purpose, it is strongly recommended that a professional landscaping company be hired for more
difÀ cult work. Trained personnel may be able to identify problems in their early stages of development
when it is most cost-effective to make repairs. Additionally, mowing and handling a wheelbarrow can be
dangerous on sloping embankments. Filling eroded areas, and soil disturbing activities, such as resodding
and replanting vegetation, are also tasks that a professional landscaping À rm can manage.
Working with Lawn Care Companies
Communicate to a lawn care company that the stormwater management facility is a water treatment
system that requires special attention. While most companies have the ability to perform special
maintenance, many will not unless speciÀ cally asked.
Contact a company manager to discuss how their services can be tailored to help meet the stormwater
management facility’s maintenance objectives.
Tips for Working with Lawn Care Companies
that the facility is a water quality protection facility.
COMMUNICATE
speciÀ c instructions on mowing and fertilization practices. For example, mowing at a
PROVIDE
higher level and perhaps not as frequently is preferred. Ask that heavy equipment be avoided
where possible and particularly in vegetated areas.
land owners and landscape companies of the need to keep sediment from
INFORM
accumulating and the need to keep the facility clear of grass clippings.
that the company follows an integrated pest management (IPM) plan to minimize the
REQUIRE
application of pesticides and fertilizers.
An IPM plan can include the:
•use of pesticides only as needed and only on trouble spots;
•use of alternatives to pest controls or no pesticides; and/or,
•policy of not applying chemicals when rainfall is in the forecast.
If the company cannot oblige, consider switching to a lawn care company that will.
26
Who Should Carry Out Maintenance
Involving the Community
It is a common misconception that curbside storm
drains go to a water treatment plant. In actuality,
they lead to a stormwater facility or directly to a
stream!
Educating and involving the community is a cost-
effective way to prolong the life of the facility,
prevent pollution, and make a difference in improving
the local environment. Activities can range from
organizing a clean-up day to developing a community-
wide education program.
Numerous local organizations provide supplies,
resources, and technical support to businesses
A community activity, such as a cleanup or tree
and communities interested in developing a public
planting, will help increase appreciation for a facility
education program or hosting an event.
and maintenance.
Questions to Ask When Developing a Public Education Program for a Community
What pollution problem(s) need to be addressed?
Determining the type of pollution that is causing an issue with a stormwater management facility can
help with planning community activities to remediate the problem.
What activity or activities are responsible for pollution?
Locating possible sources of pollution are helpful in
targeting educational messages, planning activities, and
determining solutions.
Who can help implement a community education
program?
Rallying the community together can make an activity much
more successful. One suggestion is to involve an existing
active group that is looking for opportunities to complete
A storm drain marking project will
community service or volunteer hours.
increase awareness that storm drains
lead to streams.
How will the message reach the targeted community?
Publicizing the event or educational message using existing
or new outlets, including websites, list serves, and newsletters, should be explored.
What alternatives to pollution generating activities should be encouraged?
Implementing solutions and providing alternatives for pollution prevention will greatly assist in
reducing the amount of pollution entering a stormwater management facility and local streams.
27
Tips to Lessen Maintenance Costs
-
f properly cared for, a stormwater management facility can work effectively for years without major
maintenance costs. Neglected, it can potentially be a continual À nancial drain.
Businesses and homeowner associations can minimize costs and the potential liability of those responsible
for the facility’s maintenance by promoting and following these simple rules:
DO!!DO NOT!!
DO keep properties, streets, and gutters free DO NOT dump used motor oil, antifreeze or
of trash, debris, and lawn clippings.other oil and grease into storm inlets. This is a
criminal offense and will greatly increase BMP
DO provide information to those who maintenance costs.
maintain their own automobiles on where to
recycle oil and antifreeze.DO NOT dump grass clippings, leaves, soil,
or trash of any kind into the stormwater facility
DO encourage residents to take dirty vehicles or a storm inlet. Leaves and grass clippings
to a commercial carwash or select a location release bacteria, oxygen consuming materials
where soapy water will inÀ ltrate into the ground and nutrients. They will also clog the facility’s
and not enter a storm drain.components.
DO put a pan underneath your car if it is DO NOT dispose of pet wastes in the storm
leaking to catch the Á uids until it is repaired.system, including grassy areas near a facility.
Spread an absorbent material, such as kitty litter, Animal wastes contain disease-causing bacteria
to soak up drippings and dispose of it properly.and release oxygen consuming materials.
DO educate residents on where to properly DO NOT wash dirty vehicles on streets or
dispose of hazardous wastes, including oil and driveways. Whatever comes off the car ends up
latex paint.in the stormwater facility or directly in streams.
DO plan lawn care to minimize the use of DO NOT overfertilize the lawn. Whatever
chemicals and pesticides. Sweep paved surfaces washes off the lawn or impervious areas (such
of fertilizers and put the clippings back on the as driveways or sidewalks) drains into the
lawn.stormwater facility and shortens its life-span.
DO limit the amount of impervious surfaces.DO NOT leave bare areas unstabilized.
For patios, walkways, and landscaping, consider Erosion from bare soil results in sediments that
porous pavements such as bricks, interlocking can quickly clog a stormwater facility.
blocks, or gravel.
DO NOT dispose of left over paint or
DO plant native trees, shrubs, and hazardous materials into the storm drain. These
groundcovers to help the water soak into the materials can kill vegetation and aquatic life.
ground. Replace turf with native plants. Select Dumping into the storm drain system is also a
species that need little or no fertilizer or criminal offense.
pest control and are adapted to speciÀ c site
conditions.
DO sweep up and dispose of sand and ice
melting chemical residues in the winter. This will
protect grass and other plants, as well as reduce
the amount entering the storm drain network.
28
Troubleshooting Guide
SEDIMENT REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL
Impact on Facility Performance
The purpose of a stormwater treatment facility is to remove pollutants, including suspended solids, by capturing
sediment. Sediment can include dirt, leaves, and litter. These materials can restrict or clog a facility. Timely
removal of sediment will improve infiltration rates, water quality, and help prevent clogging and flooding.
Type of Facility This Applies ToRemove Sediment When
Vegetated
•Sediment depth is damaging or killing vegetation; or,
Vegetated Rooftops, Bioretention Facilities,
•Sediment is preventing the facility from draining in the
Ponds, Constructed Wetland Forebays,
time designed (usually 48 - 72 hours).
Swales, and Vegetated Filters
Underground
•At least once a year, or when
Manufactured Facilities, Sand Filters,
•The basin is half-full of sediment, whichever comes first.
Underground Detention
InÀ ltration
•Sediment is preventing the facility from draining in the
Permeable Paving Materials (Grasscrete,
time required (usually 48 hours).
permeable pavers, gravel), InÀ ltration
Trenches
What to Do
For small facilities, sediment can be removed by hand. Large facilities and underground facilities will need to be
cleaned with heavy equipment by trained professionals. For example, a vacuum truck may need to be used for
confined spaces.
•Remove sediment during dry months when it is easiest to remove because it weighs less and creates fewer
secondary environmental impacts, such as wet sediment running
off the site.
Vegetated Facilities:
•Use rakes and shovels to dig out accumulated sediment.
•Avoid damage to existing vegetation. If sediment is deep,
some plants may need to be removed to excavate sediment.
•Reseed, replant, and mulch disturbed area to prevent erosion.
•Excavate sand and gravel and clean or replace.
Underground Facilities:
•Use a vacuum truck to remove sediment from the vaults or
chambers.
A vacuum truck may be required to remove
Infiltration Facilities:
sediment from stormwater facilities
•Infiltration Trenches: Excavate sand or gravel and clean or
located underground.
replace.
•Permeable Paving Materials: Remove accumulated sediment
from the surface with a dry broom, vacuum system, or other
hand tools. A vacuum truck or street sweeping equipment
may also be used, with professional assistance.
How To Reduce Sediment Accumulation in the Facility
•Minimize external sources of sediment, such as eroding soil upstream of the facility.
•Sweep surrounding paved areas on the property regularly.
29
Troubleshooting Guide
VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
Importance to Facility Performance
Plants play an important role in stormwater facilities. They absorb water, improve infiltration rates of soil,
prevent erosion by stabilizing soil, cool water, and capture pollutants. Plants create habitat for birds and other
wildlife and provide aesthetic value to a property. Proper maintenance of vegetation improves the appearance
and performance of the facility.
Type of FacilityFacility Needs Maintenance When
•Areas of exposed, bare soil.
•Vegetation is buried by sediment.
•Vegetation appears unhealthy or has died.
Vegetated
•Nuisance and invasive plants are present.
Vegetated Rooftops, Bioretention
•Vegetation is compromising the facility’s structure by blocking
Facilities, Ponds, Swales, and
inlets or outlets, or roots are intruding into the component of the
Vegetated Filters
facility.
•Dropped leaves and other debris are contributing to sediment
accumulation or are blocking inlets or outlets.
What to Do
Maintenance activities can easily be incorporated into existing site landscape maintenance contracts. Vegetation
can be maintained with a formal or more natural appearance depending on your preference.
General maintenance:
•Remove dropped leaves, dead plants, grass and other plant clippings. Plant debris adds nutrient pollution as
it breaks down and can clog facility piping and reduce infiltration.
•Avoid using fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides in the facility. These products add to the pollution problems
the facilities are designed to remedy.
•Use mulch to inhibit weed growth, retain moisture, and add nutrients. Replenish when needed. Ensure mulch
does not inhibit water flow.
•Irrigate all new plantings as needed for the first two years.
Caring for desired vegetation:
•Plant in late-fall or early-spring so plant roots can establish during the cool, rainy seasons, before summer.
•Amend and aerate compacted soils before replanting by adding compost to increase nutrients and enhance
soil texture.
•Protect young plantings from herbivory from deer and waterfowl.
Mowing:
•Grass facilities are designed for routine mowing. Mow at least twice a year.
•Grass should be mowed to keep it 4 - 9 inches tall. Grass that is at least 4 inches tall capture more pollutants
and is hardier.
Nuisance and unwanted vegetation:
•Remove nuisance and invasive vegetation, such as English Ivy, before it goes to seed in the spring. Conduct
additional weeding in the fall. Check the Stormwater Resource Guide on page 35 for a guidebook to invasive
plants in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
•Immediately remove vegetation that is clogging or impeding flow into the facility.
•Remove potentially large and deep-rooted trees or bushes when they might impede the flow path or
compromise facility structures.
•Provide erosion control on any soil exposed by vegetation removal.
30
Troubleshooting Guide
EROSION, BANK FAILURE, AND CHANNEL FORMATION
Importance to Facility Performance
Stormwater flowing through a facility can cause erosion. Erosion can increase sediment build up, clog outlets,
reduce water quality benefits, add to pollution, and cause facility components to fail. Eroded channels create an
easy path for water to travel down reducing the ability of the facility to filter pollutants and infiltrate water.
Type of FacilityFacility Needs Maintenance When
•The formation of flow restricting channels occurs in the bottom of
the facility, around inlet pipes and curb cuts, or at overflows.
Vegetated
•Undercutting, scouring, and slumping occur along banks and
.
Vegetated Rooftops, Bioretention
berms
•Channels and undercutting occur through check dams*.
Facilities, Ponds, Swales, and
Vegetated Filters
*
check dams are small berms built across a swale or channel to slow water and
create small areas of ponding.
What to Do
Any area with erosion more than two inches deep needs maintenance.
•Fill the eroded area with soil, compact it lightly, and cover with mulch, compost, seed, sod, or other erosion
prevention materials.
•Plant banks with deep or heavily rooted plants to permanently stabilize soil.
•Plant the bottom of the facility with grass or grass-like plants to slow water and stabilize soil.
•Install or repair structures designed to dissipate energy and spread flow, such as splash blocks on downspouts,
or riprap around inlet pipes and curb cuts.
•If erosion continues to be a problem, consult a professional to determine the cause and the solution.
POLLUTION YOU CAN SEE OR SMELL
Importance to Facility Performance
Stormwater facilities often collect a variety of trash and debris. Trash and debris, especially floating debris,
can clog pipes or treatment media. It can also cause odors through decay or by collecting spilled or dumped
materials. Stormwater facilities are designed to help prevent pollutants from entering rivers and streams. Any
visible water quality pollutants may wash out of the facility spreading the pollution problem.
Type of FacilityFacility Needs Maintenance When
Any unusual or unpleasant smells from sources such as:
•Natural plant decay
•Dying plants trapped under sediment.
•A spill or a leak (e.g., gasoline or sewage).
All Types of Facilities
Visible pollution such as:
•Sheens and discoloration
•Turbid (cloudy) water
•Other pollution on the surface of the water.
What to Do
Check monthly for trash and debris and look for opportunities to minimize the pollutant source.
•Regularly remove trash and plant debris.
•Remove accumulated sediment (see “Sediment Removal” in this guidebook).
•Make sure inlets and outlets are not clogged.
•Identify the source of trash, debris, or pollutant, such as a spill, leak, or illicit discharge.
•If there is evidence of a spill or leak, call 9-1-1. Use trained professionals for any cleanup or remediation.
31
Troubleshooting Guide
PONDING WATER
Importance to Facility Performance
Most facilities are designed to drain in a certain amount of time. This varies from two to 48 hours depending
on the type of facility. Ponding water is usually a sign that the facility’s filter or outlet is clogged or it is not
infiltrating properly.
Type of FacilityFacility Needs Maintenance When
Vegetated
Vegetated Rooftops, Bioretention
•Clogging of overflows or outlets with debris, trash, or other
Facilities, Ponds, Swales, and
obstructions.
Vegetated Filters
•Fine sediments filtering into the soil or other filtration media
(like sand or gravel) that can prevent proper infiltration.
Underground
•Water that has remained ponded for more than 72 hours.
Manufactured Facilities and Sand Filters
•Evidence of seepage at toe of slope on embankment (wet
and dry ponds).
InÀ ltration
Permeable Paving Materials
What to Do
Any area with erosion more than two inches deep needs maintenance.
•For surface facilities, first try raking the top few inches of soil to break up clogged sections and restore water
flow.
•Clean out overflows and outlets with hand tools, if possible. Difficult or hard to access blockages may require
professional contractors.
•Identify sources of sediment and debris and prevent them from entering the facility.
•Make sure the facility has adequate vegetation. Vegetation absorbs water and roots help keep soil loose so it
can infiltrate water.
•Make sure there is a sufficient amount of mulch in vegetated facilities. This will also help to absorb excess
water.
Acknowledgements:
Thank you to all who reviewed or provided comments and input on this document, including:
Christer Carshult, Deidre Clark, Tom Dombrowski, Gayle England, Adrian Fremont, Norm Goulet, Claudia Hamblin-
Katnik, Diana Handy, Bill Hicks, Wade Hugh, Bruce McGranahan, Moe Mohan, Michelle O’Hare, Jason Papacosma,
Doug Pickford, Helen Reinecke-Wilt, Fred Rose, Asad Rouhi, Debbie Switzer, Ron Tuttle, Liz Via, Kerry Wharton,
Chuck Williamson
Photo & Image Credits:
Arlington County - page 13
Cahill Associates - pages 5 and 8
City of Alexandria - Cover, pages 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 22, and 29
Fairfax County - pages 14 and 27
HJ Pertzborn - pages 5 and 12
Montgomery County, MD - page 12
Wetland Studies and Solutions, Inc - page 13
32
Stormwater Lingo - A Glossary of Commonly Used Terms
AL
Access SystemsLow Impact Development - LID
Measures and devices that provide access to facility An integrated stormwater management design strategy
components by maintenance personnel and equipment.to replicate pre-development hydrology. LID techniques
promote storage, inÀ ltration, and groundwater
Aerationrecharge.
The process of introducing air space into soil.
P
Anti-Vortex DevicePerimeter
A device that promotes the settling of pollutants by The outward boundary of the BMP.
preventing a whirlpool from occurring at the outlet
device.Principal Outlet
The structure that controls and conveys the facility’s
B outÁ ow.
Berm
An elongated elevated ridge of material that is used to Pump System
hold or direct stormwater.Electrical/mechanical components, including pipework,
used to convey discharge under pressure.
Best Management Practice - BMP
A facility designed to reduce the impacts on local R
streams from pollutants and increased stormwater Riprap
caused by development.A layer or mound of large stones placed to prevent
erosion.
Bypass System
A system which allows maintenance by temporarily Riparian
diverting stormwater or allowing it to Á ow through a Habitat occurring along the banks of a water body.
facility during heavy rain events.
Riser/Outlet
D A vertical pipe extending from the bottom of a BMP that
Dam/Embankmentis used to control the rate of stormwater discharge.
The wall or structural À ll that impounds runoff in the
facility.S
Side Slopes
DredgeSlopes at dams, embankments, spillways, and the
The process of physically removing sediment from the facility perimeter.
bottom of a pond.
Swale
E An elongated depression in the land used to channel
Emergency Outlet/Spillwayrunoff.
The structure that safely conveys overÁ ows from the
facility.Stormwater Management - SWM
A system of structural and non-structural practices
Emergent Plantsused to control the water quantity and water quality of
An aquatic plant that is rooted in sediment but whose stormwater runoff.
leaves are at or above the water surface.
T
F Trash Rack
Filter Fabric/GeomembraneDevice placed upstream of the principle outlet or drain
A webbed fabric which serves to À lter pollutants or to to intercept debris.
hold a À lter medium such as gravel or sand in place.
Trickle Ditch/Low Flow System
I Measures that convey low and dry weather inÁ ows to
Impervious Coverthe principle outlet without detention.
Any hard surface that prevents water from inÀ ltrating
into the soil.V
Vegetative Cover
Integrate Pest Management Plan - IPMVegetation used to stabilize surfaces and/or provide
A plan that minimizes the application of pesticides and stormwater treatment.
fertilizers on vegetated or grassed areas.
33
Stormwater Resource Guide
Local Government Agencies - Information on facilities, maintenance agreements, and responsibilities.
703-228-6485
Arlington CountyWater, Sewers, and Streets Division
www.arlingtonva.us
703-838-4334
City of AlexandriaTransportation and Environmental Services
www.alexandriava.gov
703-221-3400
Town of DumfriesPublic Works
www.dumfriesvirginia.org
540-347-8660
Fauquier CountyCommunity Development
www.fauquiercounty.gov
703-771-2790
Town of LeesburgEngineering and Public Works
www.leesburgva.org
703-934-2800
Fairfax CountyMaintenance and Stormwater Management Division
www.fairfaxcounty.gov
703-385-7980
City of FairfaxPublic Works, Stormwater Supervisor
www.fairfaxva.gov
703-248-5080
City of Falls ChurchPublic Works
www.ci.falls-church.va.us
703-435-6853
Town of HerndonPublic Works
www.herndon-va.gov
703-777-0397
Loudoun CountyBuilding and Development
www.co.loudoun.va.us
703-257-8378
City of ManassasPublic Works
www.manassascity.org
703-335-8820
City of Manassas ParkPublic Works
www.cityofmanassaspark.us
703-792-7070
Prince William CountyEnvironmental Services
www.co.prince-william.va.us
703-255-6381
Town of ViennaPublic Works
www.ci.vienna.va.us
Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD) - Information on erosion and sediment control.
540-347-3120
John Marshall SWCDFauquier County
www.co.fauquier.va.us/government/departments/jmswcd
703-771-8395
Loudoun SWCD Loudoun County
www.loudoun.vaswcd.org
703-324-1460
Northern Virginia SWCDFairfax County
www.fairfaxcounty.gov/nvswcd
703-594-3621
Prince William SWCDPrince William County
www.pwswcd.org
Virginia Cooperative Extension OfÀ ces - Information on vegetation and landscape management and soil testing laboratories.
703-228-6400
Arlington County
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/arlington
703-519-3325
City of Alexandria
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/alexandria
703-324-8556
Fairfax County
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/fairfax
540-341-7950
Fauquier County
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/fauquier
703-777-0373
Loudoun County
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/loudoun
703-594-3621
Prince William County
www.ofÀ ces.ext.vt.edu/prince.william
Additional Contacts
703-642-4625
Northern Virginia Regional Commission
www.novaregion.org
301-883-5935
Prince Georges County, Maryland
www.goprincegeorgescounty.com
804-367-1000
Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries
www.dgif.state.va.us
703-383-VDOT
Virginia Department of Transportation
www.virginiadot.org
34
Stormwater Resource Guide
Planting and Vegetation Management Guides
Amrhein, T. and R. Tuttle. 2006. Plants for Vegetated Rooftops. Fairfax County Department of Public Works and
Environmental Services, Fairfax, VA.
Jolicoeur, C. and R. Tuttle. 2006. Plants for Bioretention Basins. Fairfax County Department of Public Works and
Environmental Services, Fairfax, VA.
Slattery, Britt E., Kathryn Reshetiloff, and Susan M. Zwicker. 2003, 2005. Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and
Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field OfÀ ce,
Annapolis, MD.
www.nps.gov/plants/pubs/chesapeake/
Swearingen, J., K. Reshetiloff, and S. Zwicker. 2002. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas. National Park
Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/
Pest Management Resources
Metzger, Marco E. 2004. Managing Mosquitoes in Stormwater Treatment Devices. University of California Division of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, CA.
www.ucmrp.ucdavis.edu/publications/managingmosquitoesstormwater8125.pdf
Fairfax County Mosquito Surveillance Program
http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/hd/westnile/wnvmosq.htm
Stormwater Management Resources
Stormwater Management Facilities Operation and Maintenance for Private Property Owners. City of Portland
Environmental Services, Portland, OR.
www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=54730
Center for Watershed Protection. 1997. Stormwater BMP Design Supplement for Cold Climates, Ellicott City, MD.
www.cwp.org/cold-climates.htm
Low Impact Development Literature Review and Fact Sheets. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/lidlit.html
Northern Virginia Regional Commission and Engineers & Surveyors Institute. 1992. Northern Virginia BMP Handbook - A
Guide to Planning and Designing Best Management Practices in Northern Virginia, Fairfax, VA.
www.novaregion.org/bmp.htm
Storm Water Virtual Trade Show Technologies. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency New England’s Center for
Environmental Industry and Technology (CEIT)
www.epa.gov/region01/assistance/ceitts/stormwater/techs.html
35
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTCHAPTER 15
Chapter 15-Inspection and Enforcement
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TSWXGSRWXVYGXMSR
'SRWXVYGXMSRMRWTIGXMSRIRWYVIWXLEXXLIWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERHWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEVIGSRWXVYGXIHERHMRWXEPPIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV
1EREKIQIRX4PER
3RGIGSRWXVYGXMSRMWGSQTPIXIEJMREPMRWTIGXMSR[MPPFIGSRHYGXIHERHEWFYMPX
HSGYQIRXEXMSR[MPPFIWYFQMXXIHXSWLS[XLEXXLIGSRWXVYGXIHTVSNIGXQIIXWXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ
XLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER%XXLMWTSMRXXLIVIWTSRWMFMPMX]JSVXLISTIVEXMSR
ERHQEMRXIRERGISJXLIWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERHWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWMW
XVERWJIVVIHJVSQXLITIVQMXXIIXSXLITVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]
;LIVIETVSNIGXMWGSRWXVYGXIHMRTLEWIWEJMREPMRWTIGXMSRWLEPPFIGSRHYGXIHSJIEGL
GSQTPIXIHTLEWIEWHIWMKREXIHF]XLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER8LIJMREP
MRWTIGXMSRWLEPPGSRWMWXSRP]SJXLITLEWIFIMRKMHIRXMJMIHEWGSQTPIXI
%JXIVGSRWXVYGXMSRMWGSQTPIXIXLITVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]MWVIUYMVIHXS
GSRHYGXTIVMSHMGMRWTIGXMSRWERHQEMRXIRERGISJXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW4VSTIVX]
S[RIVMRWTIGXMSRWERHQEMRXIRERGIEGXMZMXMIWQYWXFIHSGYQIRXIHERHQEMRXEMRIH8LI'SYRX]
SJ6SERSOI[MPPEPWSGSRHYGXTIVMSHMGTSWXGSRWXVYGXMSRGSQTPMERGIMRWTIGXMSRWSJWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIW
15.1Construction Inspections
'SRWXVYGXMSRSJWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERHWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWWLEPP
GSQTP][MXLXLIETTVSZIHJMREP7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER%R]GLERKIWXSXLIETTVSZIH
HIWMKRVIUYMVIEVIWYFQMXXEPXSXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIJSVETTVSZEP
-RWTIGXMSRWWLEPPFITIVJSVQIHF]XLITIVQMXXIIXSIRWYVIXLEXGSRWXVYGXMSRGSRJSVQWXS
XLIETTVSZIHTPERWERHWTIGMJMGEXMSRW%HHMXMSREPMRWTIGXMSRW[MPPFITIVJSVQIHF]XLI'SYRX]
SJ6SERSOIXSGSRJMVQGSQTPMERGI
15.1.1Notifications to the County ofRoanoke
8LITIVQMXXIIWLEPPRSXMJ]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIMREHZERGISJXLIWXEVXSJGSRWXVYGXMSR
ERHSJXLIGSRWXVYGXMSRSJGVMXMGEPGSQTSRIRXWSJEWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]8LI
JSPPS[MRKEVII\EQTPIWSJFYXRSXPMQMXIHXSGVMXMGEPGSQTSRIRXW
&IJSVIXLIWXEVXSJGSRWXVYGXMSR
&IJSVIMRWXEPPMRKEWXSVQ[EXIVTSRHIQFEROQIRX
&IJSVIMRWXEPPMRKTSRHSYXPIXWXVYGXYVIW
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415-1INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTCHAPTER 15
&IJSVIWIXXMRKER]GSRGVIXI&14WXVYGXYVIWXLMWHSIWRSXMRGPYHITVIGEWXHVST
MRPIXWSVQERLSPIW
&IJSVIMRWXEPPMRKIRIVK]HMWWMTEXMSRWXVYGXYVIWERHER]SYXPIXWXVYGXYVIMRXSE
NYVMWHMGXMSREPWXVIEQ
TIVIRRMEPSVMRXIVQMXXIRXJPS[
&IJSVIMRWXEPPMRKER]MRJMPXVEXMSRSVFMSVIXIRXMSR&14 SV
%R]SXLIVOI]&14GSQTSRIRXEWHIXIVQMRIHF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
15.1.2Periodic Inspections
8LITIVQMXXIIMWVIWTSRWMFPIXSTIVJSVQEHIUYEXIMRWTIGXMSRSJXLIGSRWXVYGXMSREGXMZMXMIW
XSGSRJMVQXLEXXLIWMXIMWMRGSQTPMERGI[MXLXLI)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSP3VHMRERGI
VIUYMVIQIRXWERHXLEXXLIGSRWXVYGXMSRSJWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERHWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMXMIWERH&14WEVIMRGSRJSVQERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER
9TSRGSQTPIXMSRSJGSRWXVYGXMSRXLITIVQMXXIIQYWXTVSZMHIGIVXMJMGEXMSRJVSQEPMGIRWIH
TVSJIWWMSREPXLEXXLIGSQTPIXIHTVSNIGXMWMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIHTPERWERH
WTIGMJMGEXMSRWERHQYWXTVSZMHIHSGYQIRXEXMSRSJVIKYPEVMRWTIGXMSRWWYJJMGMIRXXSEHIUYEXIP]
WYTTSVXGSQTPMERGI%PPTIVQMXXIIMRWTIGXMSRWWLEPPFIHSGYQIRXIHERH[VMXXIRVITSVXWTVITEVIH
XLEXGSRXEMRXLIJSPPS[MRKMRJSVQEXMSR
8LIHEXIERHPSGEXMSRSJXLITIVQMXXIIMRWTIGXMSR
;LIXLIVGSRWXVYGXMSRMWMRGSQTPMERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV
1EREKIQIRX4PER
:EVMEXMSRWJVSQXLIETTVSZIHGSRWXVYGXMSRWTIGMJMGEXMSRW
'SVVIGXMZIEGXMSRWXLEXLEZIFIIRXEOIRXSGSVVIGXTVIZMSYWZMSPEXMSRW
%R]ZMSPEXMSRWXLEXI\MWXSVGSVVIGXMZIEGXMSRWXLEXLEZIFIIRGSQTPIXIH ERH
8LIREQIERHWMKREXYVISJXLITIVWSR[LSTIVJSVQIHXLIMRWTIGXMSR
8LI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIWLEPPGSRHYGXTIVMSHMGMRWTIGXMSRWHYVMRKGSRWXVYGXMSR(YVMRK
XLI'SYRX]MRWTIGXMSRXLITIVQMXXII[MPPTVSZMHIEPPTIVQMXXIIMRWTIGXMSRW[LMGLLEZIFIIR
GSRHYGXIHWMRGIXLIPEWX'SYRX]MRWTIGXMSRJSV'SYRX]SFWIVZEXMSR
-JXLI'SYRX]JMRHWER]ZMSPEXMSRWXLITIVQMXXIIWLEPPFIRSXMJMIHMR[VMXMRKSJXLIREXYVI
SJXLIZMSPEXMSRERHSJXLIVIUYMVIHGSVVIGXMZIEGXMSRW-RGSRNYRGXMSRXLI'SYRX]QE]MWWYIER
SVHIVVIUYMVMRKXLEXEPPSVTEVXSJXLIPERHHMWXYVFMRKEGXMZMXMIWTIVQMXXIHSRXLIWMXIFIWXSTTIH
YRXMPXLIWTIGMJMIHGSVVIGXMZIQIEWYVIWLEZIFIIRXEOIR
-JXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIHIXIVQMRIWXLEXXLIVIMWEVITIEXIHJEMPYVIXSGSQTP][MXLXLI
ETTVSZIHTPERWERHWTIGMJMGEXMSRWIRJSVGIQIRXEGXMSRQE]FIXEOIR
15.1.3Final Inspection and As-Built Documentation
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415-2INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTCHAPTER 15
4VMSVXSJMREPEGGITXERGISJXLITVSNIGXXLITIVQMXXIIMWVIUYMVIHXSWYFQMXXSXLI'SYRX]
SJ6SERSOIEWFYMPXHSGYQIRXEXMSRGSRJMVQMRKXLEXXLIWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERHWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWERHTVEGXMGIWXLEXLEZIFIIRGSRWXVYGXIHGSRJSVQXSXLIETTVSZIH
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER-REHHMXMSRSRGIXLIEWFYMPXHSGYQIRXEXMSRLEWFIIRWYFQMXXIH
EJMREPMRWTIGXMSR[MPPFIGSRHYGXIHF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIXSGSRJMVQXLEXXLIEWFYMPX
HSGYQIRXEXMSRGSRJSVQWXSXLIEGXYEPGSRWXVYGXMSR
%WFYMPXHSGYQIRXEXMSRWLEPPMRGPYHIXLIJSPPS[MRK
%WFYMPXWYVZI]GSRHYGXIHJSPPS[MRKGSRWXVYGXMSRGIVXMJMIHF]EVIKMWXIVIHPERH
WYVZI]SVSVTVSJIWWMSREPIRKMRIIV8LIWYVZI]WLEPPMRGPYHIIRSYKLMRJSVQEXMSR
XSZIVMJ]XLEXWXSVEKIGETEGMXMIWEVIRSPIWWXLERXLIWXSVEKIZSPYQIVIUYMVIHF]
XLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER*SVVIXIRXMSRERHHIXIRXMSR
WXVYGXYVIWEWXEKIWXSVEKIWYQQEV]XEFPI[MXLHIWMKRZEPYIWERHEWFYMPXZEPYIW
WLEPPFIMRGPYHIH8LIWYVZI]WLEPPZIVMJ]MRZIVXWERHWM^IWSJTMTIWGYPZIVXWERH
SYXPIXWXVYGXYVIW1E\MQYQXSPIVERGIWLEPPFIJIIXJSVWXVYGXYVIWERH
JIIXJSVJMRMWLIHKVEHIW
8LITIVQMXXIIvWMRWTIGXMSRPSKVIGSVHW[MXLGSTMIWSJEPPMRWTIGXMSRXIWXVIWYPXW
HSGYQIRXMRKGSQTPMERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER
6IHPMRIVIZMWMSRSJETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER4PEGIEGLIGOQEVO
[LIVIHIWMKRZEPYIWEKVII[MXLEGXYEPGSRWXVYGXIHZEPYIW*SVGLERKIHZEPYIW
IRXIVXLIGSRWXVYGXIHZEPYIMRVIH
'IVXMJMGEXMSRWXEXIQIRXWMKRIHF]XLITIVQMXIIERHE0MGIRWIH4VSJIWWMSREP
MRHMGEXMRKGSRJSVQERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER
-JMXMWHIXIVQMRIHJVSQXLIEWFYMPXHSGYQIRXEXMSRXLEXXLIWXSVQHVEMREKIW]WXIQWERH
XLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWLEZIRSXFIIRGSRWXVYGXIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PERXLIRGSVVIGXMZIEGXMSR[MPPFIXEOIRXSGSQTP][MXLXLIETTVSZIH
4PERSVXLITIVQMXXIIWLEPPTVSZMHIWXYHMIWERHMRJSVQEXMSRVIUYMVIHF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIXS
HIQSRWXVEXIXLEXXLIGSRWXVYGXIHW]WXIQW[MPPJYRGXMSRIUYMZEPIRXXSXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV
1EREKIQIRX4PER8LMWMRGPYHIWQIIXMRKEPPJPS[ZIPSGMX]ERHVIKYPEXSV]VIUYMVIQIRXWERH
XLEXXLIETTVSZIHIPIZEXMSRWXSVEKIVIUYMVIQIRXMWQEMRXEMRIH
3RGIXLIEWFYMPXHSGYQIRXEXMSRLEWFIIREGGITXIHF]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIXLI
TIVQMXXIIWLEPPWGLIHYPIEJMREPMRWTIGXMSRSJXLITVSNIGXWMXITVMSVXSJMREPEGGITXERGISJXLI
TVSNIGXF]XLI'SYRX]ERHXLIVIXYVRSJTIVJSVQERGIFSRHWSVWIGYVMXMIW8LITIVQMXXIIWLEPP
TVSZMHI LSYVRSXMGISJEJMREPMRWTIGXMSRXSXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
15.2Post-Construction Inspections and Maintenance
8LITVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]MWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVXLITVSTIVSTIVEXMSR
MRWTIGXMSRQEMRXIRERGIERHVITEMVSJWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEJXIVXLIGSQTPIXMSRSJ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415-3INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTCHAPTER 15
GSRWXVYGXMSRMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIETTPMGEFPIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRX%PPMRWTIGXMSR
QEMRXIRERGIERHVITEMVEGXMZMXMIWWLEPPFIHSGYQIRXIH
8LIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]WLEPPMRWTIGXERHQEMRXEMRWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMXMIWEXXLI
JVIUYIRGMIWPMWXIHMRXLI1EMRXIRERGI%KVIIQIRX
-REHHMXMSRXSXLIMRWTIGXMSRWTIVJSVQIHF]XLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]IEGLWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX][MPPFIMRWTIGXIHTIVMSHMGEPP]F]XLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
-RXLIIZIRXXLEXXLIWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]LEWRSXFIIRQEMRXEMRIHERHSV
FIGSQIWEHERKIVXSTYFPMGWEJIX]TYFPMGLIEPXLSVXLIIRZMVSRQIRXXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
WLEPPRSXMJ]XLITVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]F]VIKMWXIVIHSVGIVXMJMIHQEMPERHMWWYIE
2SXMGISJ:MSPEXMSR8LI2SXMGIWLEPPWTIGMJ]XLIQIEWYVIWRIIHIHXSGSVVIGXXLIWMXYEXMSRERH
WLEPPWTIGMJ]XLIXMQI[MXLMR[LMGLWYGLQIEWYVIWQYWXFIGSQTPIXIH-JXLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]
JEMPWSVVIJYWIWXSQIIXXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRXXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI
EJXIVVIEWSREFPIRSXMGIQE]ETTP]EGMZMPSVGVMQMREPTIREPX]ERHQE]GSVVIGXEZMSPEXMSRSJXLI
HIWMKRWXERHEVHWSVQEMRXIRERGIRIIHWF]TIVJSVQMRKEPPRIGIWWEV][SVOXSTPEGIXLIJEGMPMX]MR
TVSTIV[SVOMRKGSRHMXMSRERHVIGSZIVXLIGSWXWJVSQXLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]SVTVSTIVX]S[RIV
15.3Records
4EVXMIWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVXLISTIVEXMSRERHQEMRXIRERGISJEWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRX
JEGMPMX]WLEPPQEOIVIGSVHWSJXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRERHSJEPPMRWTIGXMSRWQEMRXIRERGIERHVITEMVWERH
WLEPPVIXEMRXLIVIGSVHWJSVEXPIEWXJMZI
]IEVW8LIWIVIGSVHWWLEPPFIQEHIEZEMPEFPIXSXLI
'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIYTSRVIUYIWX
15.4Enforcement
%R]EGXMZMX]XLEXMWGSQQIRGIH[MXLSYXERETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PERSVMW
GSRHYGXIHGSRXVEV]XSXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PERQE]FIWYFNIGXXSXLI
IRJSVGIQIRXEGXMSRWSYXPMRIHMRXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX3VHMRERGI
%TVSTIVX]S[RIVSVVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]XLEXHSIWRSXTVSTIVP]QEMRXEMREWXSVQ[EXIV
QEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]MREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRXQE]FIWYFNIGXXSXLI
IRJSVGIQIRXEGXMSRWSYXPMRIHMRXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOI7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX3VHMRERGI
15.4.1Notice of Violation
;LIRE'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIMRWTIGXMSRLEWRSXIHXLEXEGSRWXVYGXMSREGXMZMX]SV
QEMRXIRERGISJEWXSVQ[EXIVQEREKIQIRXJEGMPMX]MWRSXMRGSQTPMERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH
Stormwater Management Plan,
MRGPYHMRKEPPQEMRXIRERGIEKVIIQIRXWSVXLI'SYRX]SJ
6SERSOI7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX3VHMRERGIXLI'SYRX]WLEPPMWWYIE[VMXXIRRSXMGISJ
ZMSPEXMSRHIPMZIVIHF]VIKMWXIVIHSVGIVXMJMIHQEMPXSXLITIVQMXXIISVTVSTIVX]S[RIV
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415-4INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTCHAPTER 15
8LIRSXMGISJZMSPEXMSRWLEPPMRGPYHI
8LIREQIERHEHHVIWWSJXLIVIWTSRWMFPITEVX]
8LIEHHVIWW[LIREZEMPEFPISVEHIWGVMTXMSRSJXLIFYMPHMRKWXVYGXYVISVPERHYTSR
[LMGLXLIZMSPEXMSRMWSGGYVVMRK
%WXEXIQIRXWTIGMJ]MRKXLIREXYVISJXLIZMSPEXMSR
%HIWGVMTXMSRSJXLIVIQIHMEPQIEWYVIWRIGIWWEV]XSGSVVIGXXLIZMSPEXMSRERHE
XMQIWGLIHYPIJSVXLIGSQTPIXMSRSJWYGLVIQIHMEPEGXMSR
%WXEXIQIRXSJXLITIREPX]SVTIREPXMIWXLEXQE]FIEWWIWWIHEKEMRWXXLITIVWSRXS
[LSQXLIRSXMGISJZMSPEXMSRMWHMVIGXIHWLSYPHXLIVIQIHMEPQIEWYVIWRSXFI
MQTPIQIRXIH
%WXEXIQIRXXLEXXLIHIXIVQMREXMSRSJZMSPEXMSRQE]FIETTIEPIHF]JMPMRKE
[VMXXIRRSXMGISJETTIEP[MXLMRHE]WSJWIVZMGISJRSXMGISJZMSPEXMSR
15.4.2Stop Work Orders
-JETVSNIGXWMXIMWYRHIVGSRWXVYGXMSRERHVIGIMZIWERSXMGISJZMSPEXMSRGSRWXVYGXMSR
EGXMZMXMIWMRXLIEVIE[LIVIXLI[SVO[EWJSYRHXSFIHIJMGMIRXMRQIIXMRKXLIETTVSZIH
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PERWLEPPGIEWIMQQIHMEXIP]
8LIWXST[SVOSVHIV[MPPFIMRIJJIGXYRXMPXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIGSRJMVQWXLEXXLIPERH
HMWXYVFMRKEGXMZMX]MWMRGSQTPMERGI[MXLXLIETTVSZIH7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX4PER8LI
TIVQMXXIIWLEPPEHHVIWWXLIVIQIHMEPQIEWYVIWTYFPMWLIH[MXLXLIRSXMGISJZMSPEXMSR[MXLMRXLI
XMQITIVMSHWTIGMJMIH9TSRGSQTPIXMSRSJXLIVIQIHMEPQIEWYVIWXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIWLEPP
MRWTIGXXLI[SVOERHEYXLSVM^IXLITIVQMXXIIMR[VMXMRKXLEXXLIWXST[SVOSVHIVLEWFIIR
VIQSZIHERH[SVOQE]GSRXMRYIMRXLEXEVIESJXLITVSNIGX
*EMPYVIXSGSQTP][MXLEWXST[SVOSVHIVSV[MXLERSXMGISJZMSPEXMSRQE]VIWYPXMRXLI
VIZSGEXMSRSJXLITIVQMXERHXLIZMSPEXSVWLEPPFIWYFNIGXXSXLITIREPXMIWWIXJSVXLF]XLI
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX3VHMRERGI
15.4.3Restoration of Lands
%R]ZMSPEXSVQE]FIVIUYMVIHXSVIWXSVIPERHXSMXWYRHMWXYVFIHGSRHMXMSRMREGGSVHERGI[MXLE
RSXMGISJZMSPEXMSRWXST[SVOSVHIVSVTIVQMXVIUYMVIQIRXW-RXLIIZIRXXLEXVIWXSVEXMSRMWRSX
YRHIVXEOIR[MXLMRXLIXMQIWTIGMJMIHMRXLIRSXMGIXLI'SYRX]SJ6SERSOIQE]XEOIRIGIWWEV]
GSVVIGXMZIEGXMSRXLIGSWXSJ[LMGLWLEPPFIGSZIVIHF]XLITIVJSVQERGIFSRHSVFIGSQIEPMIR
YTSRXLITVSTIVX]YRXMPTEMHSVFSXL
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415-5INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
APPENDIX 15A
INSPECTION FORMS
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX'SRWXVYGXMSR-RWTIGXMSR'LIGOPMWX
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX*EGMPMXMIW-RWTIGXMSR6ITSVX*SVQ
7XSVQ[EXIV1EREKIQIRX*EGMPMXMIW1EMRXIRERGI6ITEMV6ITSVX*SVQ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-1INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
Stormwater Management Construction
Inspection Checklist
-RWTIGXSV2EQI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC-RWTIGXMSR(EXI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
4IVQMXXIIvW2EQI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC4IVQMX2YQFIV CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
7MXI%HHVIWWSV0SGEXMSR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
;EXIVWLIH CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC8E\1ETSV4EVGIP-(2S CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
6IEWSRJSV-RWTIGXMSR
6SYXMRI-RWTIGXMSR-RXIRWMZI6EMRJEPP
'SQTPEMRX3XLIVCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
(MWXYVFIH%VIE
EXXMQISJMRWTIGXMSR
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
(SIWXLI7MXI6IUYMVI
)VSWMSRERH7IHMQIRX'SRXVSP4PER7XSVQ[EXIV4SPPYXMSR4VIZIRXMSR4PER
74''4PER
SMPWXSVEKI
3XLIVCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
-JVIUYMVIHEVIXLIWITPERWSVTIVQMXWEZEMPEFPISRWMXI#CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Erosion and Sediment Control
-XIQ9WIH%GGITXEFPI3FWIVZEXMSRWERH'SQTPIXMSR
'SRHMXMSR%GXMSRW6IUYMVIH(EXI
7MPX*IRGI
=2=2
7XVE[&EPIW
=2=2
-RPIX4VSXIGXMSR
=2=2
7XEFMPM^IH'SRWXVYGXMSR
=2=2
)RXVERGI
7IHMQIRX8VET&EWMR
=2=2
'LIGO(EQW
=2=2
7IIHMRK
8IQTSVEV]SV*MREP
=2=2
3XLIV
=2=2
=2=2
=2=2
=2=2
4EKISJ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-2INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
&IWX1EREKIQIRX4VEGXMGI'SRWXVYGXIH(MWGVITERGMIWERH'SVVIGXMSRW'SQTPIXMSR
EW%TTVSZIH#(EXI
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
Stormwater Collection and Transport
(Culverts, Storm Drains, and Inlets)
-XIQ'SRWXVYGXIH(MWGVITERGMIWERH'SVVIGXMSRW'SQTPIXMSR
EW%TTVSZIH#(EXI
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
=2
(MWGLEVKI3YXJEPPJVSQ%HIUYEXI
(IZIPSTQIRXGLERRIP
=2
7MKREXYVISJ-RWTIGXSVCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC4EKISJ
COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-3INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
Stormwater Management BMP
Inspection Checklist
-RWTIGXSV2EQI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC-RWTIGXMSR(EXI CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
7MXI%HHVIWWSV0SGEXMSR CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
;EXIVWLIH CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC8E\1ETSV4EVGIP-(2S CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
8]TISJ7XSVQ[EXIV&14SV7XVYGXYVI
'YPZIVX4SRH
4IVQERIRX4SSP
-RPIXERH7XSVQ(VEMR4SRH
(V]4SSP
3TIR'LERRIP
:IKIXEXIH+ISXI\XMPI
&MSVIXIRXMSR&EWMR
3TIR'LERRIP
'SRGVIXI
3MP;EXIV7ITEVEXSV
3XLIV
(IWGVMFI
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
'LIGOIH1EMRXIRERGI
-XIQ-RWTIGXIH3FWIVZEXMSRWERH6IQEVOW
=IW2S6IUH2SX6IU
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-5INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-6INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT BMP FACILITIES INSPECTION REPORT FORM
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-8INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENTAPPENDIX15A
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REPORT FORM
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COUNTYOFROANOKE
7/1/1415A-9INSPECTIONANDENFORCEMENT
AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE
COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION
CENTER ON TUESDAY, MAY 13, 2014
RESOLUTION ADOPTING A STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROANOKE COUNTY
WHEREAS, Section 23-1.8of the Roanoke County Code provides for the
adoption of a Stormwater Management Design Manual; and
WHEREAS, Roanoke County willutilize the policies, criteriaand information
contained in this design manual for the proper implementation and requirements of
the stormwater management ordinance; and
WHEREAS, this design manual shall be authorized and approved by the
Board of Supervisors by resolution.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of
Roanoke County, Virginia, as follows:
1.Thatthe Stormwater Management Design Manual approved by the
Board of Supervisors pursuant to the 2007 stormwater management ordinance is
hereby repealed.
2.That the “Stormwater Management Design Manual” is hereby adopted
in order to implement the requirements of Chapter 23. “Stormwater Management
Ordinance”, as provided in Section 23-1.8.
3.That this resolution shall be effective from and after July 1, 2014.
Page 1of 1
Fiscal Year 2014-$21,778;Fiscal Year 2015-$1,046,230;Fiscal Year 2016-
$211,495
Regional Surface Transportation Programfunds are apportioned by the Commonwealth
of Virginia to Metropolitan Planning Areas that have been designated “Transportation
Management Areas” by the U.S. Department of Transportation. The urbanized area in
and around the Roanoke Valley was recently designated a Transportation Management
Area, based on 2010 census data.
In accordance with Roanoke County’s Grant Policies and Procedures, a budget
appropriation must be established through Board of Supervisors action for expenditures
to be processed against a grant.
The Plantation Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and Streetscape Improvement project includes
sidewalks, crosswalks, shared use paths,lighting,landscaping andaccess
managementimprovements to be constructed on Plantation Road, between Interstate
81 and Williamson Road. The project has Revenue SharingProgramfunds for
preliminary engineeringand constructionof these improvements.The project has also
received Transportation EnhancementProgramgrant funds forfiscal year 2012-2013,
and was allocatedTransportation AlternativeProgram grantfunds forfiscal year 2013-
2014.
FISCAL IMPACT:
The grant amount of $1,279,503from the Federal Regional Surface Transportation
program does not require matching funds from the County.
ALTERNATIVES:
1.Adopt the ordinance accepting and appropriatinggrant funds in the amount of
$1,279,503from theFederalRegional Surface Transportation Programto the
Department of Community Development for fiscal years2014-2016for thePlantation
Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and Streetscape ImprovementProject.
2.Take no action at this time.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
:
Staff recommends alternative 1 and approval of the first reading of this ordinance and
scheduling the second reading onMay 27, 2014.
Page 2of 2
AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE
COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION
CENTER ON MAY 13, 2014
ORDINANCEACCEPTING AND APPROPRIATINGGRANT FUNDS IN
THE AMOUNT OF $1,279,503 FROM THE FEDERAL REGIONAL
SURFACE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FOR FISCAL YEARS 2014-2016 FOR
THE PLANTATION ROAD BICYCLE, PEDESTRIAN AND
STREETSCAPE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
WHEREAS,on April 19, 2013, Roanoke County submitted a request to the
Roanoke Valley Area Metropolitan Planning Organization for Regional Surface
Transportation Program funds for thePlantation Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and
Streetscape Improvement Project; and
WHEREAS, on May 23, 2013, the Roanoke Valley Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization endorsed the Regional Surface Transportation Program project priorities
and six-year financial plan, which included $1,279,503in funds to Roanoke County for
the Plantation Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and Streetscape Improvement Project; and
WHEREAS,on June 19, 2013, the Commonwealth Transportation Board
adopted the fiscal year 2014-2019 Six-year Improvement Program, which allocated the
Regional Surface Transportation Program funds; and
WHEREAS, these funds are scheduled to be allocated over three (3) fiscal years
from fiscal year 2014 through fiscal year 2016; and
WHEREAS, the grant award does not require matching funds from Roanoke
County;
WHEREAS, Section 18.04 of the Roanoke County Charter provides that funds be
appropriated by ordinance; and
WHEREAS, the first reading of this ordinance was held on May 13, 2014, and the
Page 1 of 2
second reading was held on May 27, 2014.
BE IT ORDAINEDbythe Board of Supervisorsof Roanoke County, Virginia as
follows:
1.That the sum of $1,279,503is hereby appropriated from the Regional Surface
Transportation Program to the Department of Community Development for
fiscal years 2014-2016; and
2.The funds are to be allocated to the Plantation Road Bicycle, Pedestrian and
Streetscape Improvement Project; and
3.That appropriations designated for the Plantation Road Project will not lapse
at the end of the fiscal year but shall remain appropriated untilthe completion
of the project; and
4.That this ordinance shall take effect from and after the date of adoption.
Page 2 of 2
Q
ueries
U
nique experiences
E
xplorations
S
cientific discoveries
T
echnological endeavors
2013-2014
Grades 1-8
Roanoke County Public Schools
Gifted Program
Q.U.E.S.T. 2013-2014
stth
Grades 1-8
The gifted program is offering a number of Q.U.E.S.T. activities (all gamerelated) for students in
This brochure describes the entire 2013-2014 school year’s offerings.
grades 1-8. You may
access it throughout the year on the gifted web page. There is one session for middle school
(grades 6-8), and it will be held at our central office on Cove Road. All other sessions will be held
at Glen Cove Elementary.
Registration forms are dated when received to ensure placement of those applying first. Once a
If your child is on a waiting list,
class has reached its capacity,a waiting list will be established.
you will be notified.Otherwise, you may assume that your child is enrolled for the
workshop.
If a class isfull, and we have enough on a waiting list to repeat the class, we will
Please include a
make every effort to do so. You will be notified if repeat classes are scheduled.
clearly written
email address and/or a phone number on the registration form.
If a student is unable to attend an activity in which he or she has been enrolled, please notify the
Gifted Department office so a student on the waiting list will have the opportunity to participate in
the session. Students will be reimbursed if a workshop is unavailable and a substitute session
Reimbursement will not be made to those
cannot be agreed upon or if a session is canceled.
who register but do not attend a workshop.
Parents will provide transportation to and from the workshop sites. All students should be picked
up from workshops on time. Sometimes inclement weather interferes with scheduled workshops.
If in doubt about the status of a planned event, contact Dawn Bowyer at dbowyer@rcs.k12.va.us or
call 562-3900 ext 10225. Email is the best method for contactbecause resource teachers are
If schools are closed or close early
typically in their various schools during the school day.
due to inclement weather, Q.U.E.S.T. sessions will not be held.
Please submit the registration form (with emergency information completed legibly on the
back) payment in the appropriate amount (by check to Roanoke County Schools) for
andall
sessions you want your child to attend this year. Cash cannot be accepted.
Application and payment deadline: October 4, 2013
No reminders will be sent, so please keep a record of
the session(s) your child is attending.
Q.U.E.S.T. Registration Form
To enroll your child for a Q.U.E.S.T. activity, complete the following information:
()
Pleaseprint legibly
Student’s Name Date Received
(office use)
School Grade
Parent/Guardian’s Name
Home Phone Work Phone Cell Phone
Check the session(s) in which you would like your child to participate.
Scholarships available. Contact gifted department for information.
SessionTitleDates/TimesFee
Oct. 83:00-5:00
Create Your Own Computer Game (3 parts)
1 Oct. 129:00-12:00$30.00
(Grades 4-5)
Oct. 153:00-5:15
Playground Games
Oct. 153:00-5:00$10.00
(Grades 1-3)
2
Playground Games
3 Oct. 173:00-5:00$10.00
Grades 4-5)
Oct. 223:00-5:00
Tabletop Games
4 Oct. 243:00-5:00
(Grades 1-3)
$30.00
Oct. 23:00-4:45
Computer Game Coding (2 parts)
Nov. 73:00-4:30
5 $20.00
(Grades 1-3)
Nov. 123:00-4:30
Abstract Games
6 Nov. 143:00-5:00$10.00
(Grades 3-5)
Game Show (3 parts)
Feb. 43:00-5:30
(Grades 4-5)
Feb. 89:00-12:00
7 $30.00
Feb. 113:00-5:30
Games Around the World
8 March 43:00-5:00$10
(Grades 1-3)
Games Around the World
9 March 63:00-5:00$10.00
(Grades 4-5)
Minute to Win It
10March 183:00-5:00$10.00
(Grades 4-5)
Minute to Win It
11April 13:00-5:00$10.00
(Grades 1-3)
Team Building Games
12April 284:30-6:30$10.00
Grades 6-8)
(
*Also complete the required emergency information on back.
Application deadline: October 4, 2013
If you have any questions, please contact Dawn Bowyer
dbowyer@rcs.k12.va.us
(540) 562-3900 ext. 10225
Mail registration form and check (payable to Roanoke County Public Schools – Q.U.E.S.T) to:
Roanoke County Public Schools – Gifted Program
Q.U.E.S.T.
5937 Cove Road
Roanoke, Virginia 24019
REQUIRED EMERGENCY INFORMATION FOR ALL WORKSHOPS AND FIELD TRIPS
(PLEASE PRINT LEGIBLY)
Student's Name ___________________________________________ School ______________________________ Grade ___________
Address _______________________________________________________________________ Telephone __________________
Student’s Social Security No._______________________________ Age __________ Date of Birth _____________________
Names of custodial parents/legal guardians ______________________________________________________________________
Mother’s/female guardian's work phone number___________________________cell phone no.______________________________
Father’s/male guardian's work phone number _____________________________ cell phone no. ____________________________
Alternate contact name and phone number if neither parent/guardian can be reached:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
List any medical conditions/allergies, dietary restrictions, etc. of which school staff should be aware:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
List prescription medication(s) that must be administered by the designated chaperone:
Dosage _____________________________ Time(s) to be given ___________________________________________________
Please list any over-the-counter medications you will permit your child to carry and take at his/her discretion.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
No If yes, company name __________________________and policy no._________________
Private insurance: Yes
School Insurance: Yes No Last tetanus shot _______________
PARENTAL PERMISSION
_________________________________ has my permission to go on the field trip or take part in the activity(ies)
which I had indicated in the attached form. In granting my permission for my child to participate in the field trip or
activity(ies), I further agree to release and hold harmless the Roanoke County School Board and its officers,
agents and employees from liability for any accident, injury, illness or death, sustained by the above student in
connection with or while participating in the field trip oractivity(ies) indicated on the attached form.
In the event of an illness or injury, I hereby consent to whatever x-ray, examination, anesthetic, medical,
surgical or dental diagnosis or treatment and hospital care from a licensed dentist, physician and/or surgeon as
deemed necessary for the student's safety and welfare. It is understood that the resulting expenses will be the
responsibility of the parent/guardian and not the Roanoke County School Board. I give permission and will accept
financial responsibility for my child to receive medications, and/or health procedures, and emergency care as
needed.
It is important that all families understand that should conditions in our country at the time of the trip be such that the
school administration believes the trip to be an unsafe destination, the trip will be canceled. While this would
indeed be unfortunate for all involved, we must make safety our first priority. Should this occur, the money paid
for the trip will notberefunded. Most of the costs associated with the trip must be paid in advance. Therefore, the
school will not have the money to refund. We will make every effort to recoup money spent. However, it is highly
unlikely that refunds will be issued.
Parent/Guardian's Signature ___________________________________________Date ________________
Student's Signature __________________________________________________Date ________________
During the current school year, Roanoke County Public Schools has my permission to use and distribute the name,
picture, voice, visual image, or opinions of this student in any school- related materials aired on television or
radio, or printed in local newspaper and/or in brochures published by RCPS.
Yes No
______________
Parent/Guardian's Signature ___________________________________________Date __
-8
(Please note grade levels for each workshop!)
____
Session 1: Create Your Own Computer Game II (3 Parts)
(Grades 4-5)
Learn how to create and program a computer game using an internet applicationnamed Scratch,
invented and run by MIT for children (however, it is great for all ages!). Starting from "scratch" you will
create backgrounds, manipulate "sprites" (no, not the sodas!), add sound, and so much more, through
meticulous, detailed thinking...Oh, and it is awesomely addictive fun!
The first session will entail learning commands and practicing putting them together like Legos. During
the other sessions,students will be creating their own games and sharing them with everyone.
In thisQUEST adventure students must have, and bring, an email address to the first session because a
login will be required to save and share projects. A user name is all that is shown online and the website
asksthat users do NOT use their real names. As a bonus, pupils will be able to access their projects at
home where they can continue to work on them and create new ones! This class is just the beginning!
Please do not sign up for this QUEST activity if you know you will not be able to attend all 3
sessions.
Part 1
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Debbie Dawson and Sue Bostic
Date: Oct. 8Cost: $30(total for all three parts)
Time:3:00-5:00Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Part 2
Date: Oct. 12
Time: 9:00-12:00
Part 3
Date: Oct. 15
Time: 3:00-5:15
Session 2: Playground Games
(Grades 1-3)
Let’s have fun being active by playing some traditional playground games. After playing games for the first
half of class, students will then work in groups and create new playground games, using the materials
provided.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Lauren Cundiff and Dawn Bowyer
Date:October 15Cost: $10
Wear non-marking tennis shoes
Time:3:00-5:00Special Instructions:
Session 3: Playground Games
(Grades 4-5)
Let’s have fun being active by playing some traditional playground games. After playing games for the first
half of class, students will then work in groups and create new playground games, using the materials
provided.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors: Lauren Cundiff and Dawn Bowyer
Date:October 17Cost:$10
Wear non-marking tennis shoes
Time:3:00-5:00Special Instructions:
Session 4: Tabletop Games (3 Parts)
(Grades 1-3)
Enjoy some time playing and creating games with friends. On the first day, groups of students will play
various tabletop games and receive a design brief with criteria for creating their own game. They will be
asked to brainstorm ideas for their new game before they return for the second class. On day two, student
groups will share their ideas and create new tabletop games according to the criteria on the design brief and
using only the materials provided. On the third meeting day, groups will share and play their games
Please do not sign up for this QUEST activity if you know you will not be able to attend all 3
sessions.
Part 1
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Lauren Cundiff and Dawn Bowyer
Date:Oct.22Cost:$30 (total for all three parts)
Time: 3:00-5:00Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Part 2
Date:Oct. 24
Time: 3:00-5:00
Part 3
Date:Oct. 29
Time:3:00-4:45
Session 5: Computer Game Coding (2 Parts)
(Grades 1-3)
Our children play many games on their computer and portable devices. This session will introduce the
concept of coding behind those games. Using a combination of activities, including some apps for iPad,
students will experiment with coding through game play.
Please do not sign up for this QUEST activity if you know you will not be able to attend both
sessions
Part 1
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Debbie Dawson and Sue Bostic
Date:Nov. 7Cost:$20 (total for both parts)
Time: 3:00-4:30Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Part 2
Date: Nov. 12
Time: 3:00-4:30
Session 6: Abstract Games
(Grades 3-5)
Spend an afternoon playing and learning about abstract games. Usingthe concept attainment strategy and
a matrix, students will play and analyze various abstract games in pairs.By the end of class, students will
write their own definition of an abstract game.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors: Dawn Bowyer and Lynez Humphries
Date:Nov. 14 Cost:$10
Time:3:00-5:00 Special Instructions:Bring a snack and water.
Session 7: Game Show
(Grades 4-5)
Participants will be divided into two groups for this activity. Each group will create a unique game show that
will be recordedfor a later showing. Both groups will be involved in playing roles as game show entertainers
and contestants as well as learning how to enhance their video production by using sound effects, music
Please do not
and visual effects. Each participant will be given a DVD of the final game show performance.
sign up for this QUEST activity if you know you will not be able to attend all 3 sessions.
Part 1
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Sue Bostic, Debbie Dawson, Debbie Bauer
Date: Feb. 4Cost: $30 (total for all three parts)
Time: 3:00-5:30Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Part 2
Date: Feb. 8
Time: 9:00-12:00
Part 3
Date: Feb. 11
Time: 3:00-5:30
Session 8: Games Around the World
(Grades 1-3)
Join us toplay, compare,and analyze games from various countries. Students will carry passports to
record information for each country’s game. We will discuss the objectives, strategies, and chance involved
in the games we play.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors:Lauren Cundiff and Dawn Bowyer
Date:March 4Cost: $10
Time:3:00-5:00Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Session 9: Games Around the World
(Grades 4-5)
Join us toplay, compare,and analyze games from various countries. Students will carry passports to
record information for each country’s game. We will discuss the objectives, strategies, and chance involved
in the games we play.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors: DawnBowyer and Lauren Cundiff
Date:March 6Cost: $10
Time:3:00-5:00Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Session 10: Minute to Win It
(Grades 4-5)
Come try your hand at completing hands-on tasks with the added challenge of a one minute time frame.
Students will work in teams to attempt various challenges.
Location:Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors: Dawn Bowyer and Sue Bostic
Date: March 18Cost:$10
Time3:00-5:00Special Instructions:Bring a snack and water.
Session 11: Minute to Win It
(Grades 1-3)
Come try your hand at completing hands-on tasks with the added challenge of a one minute time frame.
Students will work in teams to attempt various challenges.
Location: Glen Cove ElementaryInstructors: Dawn Bowyer and Sue Bostic
Date:April 1Cost: $10
Time: 3:00-5:00Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
Session 12: Team Building Activities
(Grades 6-8)
thth
Team building and leadership classes are being held with 6-8graders once per nine weeks for the first
nine weeks of the 2013-2014 school year. This QUEST session is an extension of those classes. Students
will work together as they participate in creative problem solving activities and work to come up with unique
solutions.
Location:Central Office (5937 Cove Rd) Instructors:Gifted Resource Teachers
Room E
Date:April 28 Cost:$10
Time:4:30-6:30Special Instructions: Bring a snack and water.
H
AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF ROANOKE
COUNTY, VIRGINIA, HELD AT THE ROANOKE COUNTY ADMINISTRATION
CENTER ON TUESDAY,MAY 13, 2014
RESOLUTION APPROVINGAND CONCURRING IN CERTAIN ITEMS SET
FORTH ON THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AGENDA FOR THIS DATE
DESIGNATED AS ITEM H- CONSENT AGENDA
BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke County, Virginia, as
follows:
That the certain section of the agenda of the Board of Supervisors for May 13, 2014,
designated as Item H - Consent Agenda be, and hereby is, approved and concurred in as
to each item separately set forth in said section designated Items 1 through 4 inclusive, as
follows:
1.Approval of minutes – March 18, 2014; March 25, 2014
2.Confirmation of appointments to the Board of Zoning Appeals (appointed by
District); Parks Recreation and Tourism Advisory Commission (appointed by
District) and the Planning Commission (appointed by District)
3.Resolution expressing the appreciation of the Board of Supervisors of Roanoke
County to Billy McDaniel, Building Maintenance Technician, upon his retirement
after more than thirty-seven (37) years of service
4.Resolution requesting acceptance of Stonecreek Way into the Virginia
Department of Transportation (VDOT) Secondary System
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